Opportunistic Feeding in Mediterranean Blennioid Fishes (Blenniidae and Tripterygion) as Revealed by Experimental Food Provisioning in the Field     

Kurt  Kotrschal  Dave  G.Lindquist Ingeborg P.  Illich 《Marine Ecology》1991,12(1):63-73

Abstract. Consistent differences were found in trophic opportunism between species and between sexes by food provisioning experiments in an assemblage of 15 species of Mediterranean blennioid fishes. The degree of trophic opportunism in the different species was significantly and positively correlated with body size and two features indicative for intensity of male parental care. The degree of trophic opportunism correlated neither with trophic level, depth distribution, or relative abundance. Females of all species in which sex could be distinguished visited the feeding stations at higher frequencies than conspecific males.  相似文献   

Reaktionen im festen Zustand von Kupfer und Silber mit Selen     

Prof. Dr. Werner Borchert  Dr. Ingeborg Patzak 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1954,4(5):434-442

Zusammenfassung Für die Reaktionen im festen Zustand bei 200° zwischen Cu-Se, Ag-Se und Cu-Ag-Se wird eine Zusammenstellung der Bildung der bei Zimmertemperatur stabilen Phasen und ihrer Gemenge in Abhangigkeit von den Reaktionsgemischen gegeben.Cu and Se reagieren unter Bildung von-Cu₂Se,-Cu_2- Se ( = 0, 15–0,2), Cu₃Se₂, CuSe and CuSe₂.Cu₃Se₂ konnte bei stochiometrischer Ausgangszusammensetzung als alleinige Phase nicht synthetisiert werden. Es bildet sich gleichzeitig Cu_1,8Se and CuSe. Als Ursache hierfür wird die orientierte Verwachsung von Cu_1,8Se and Cu₃Se₂ angesehen.Die synthetisierte Verbindung CuSe₂ wurde bisher nicht beobachtet.In den Systemen Ag-Se and Ag-Cu-Se wurden unter den angegebenen Bedingungen weiterhin-Ag₂Se and AgCuSe gefunden.  相似文献   

Aquatic and terrestrial proxy evidence for Middle Pleistocene palaeolake and lake-shore development at two Lower Palaeolithic sites of Schöningen,Germany     

Kim J. Krahn  Mario Tucci  Brigitte Urban  Julien Pilgrim  Peter Frenzel  Ingeborg Soulié-Märsche  Antje Schwalb 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2021,50(3):723-745

The archaeological sites in the open-cast mine of Schöningen, Germany, represent outstanding archives for understanding Middle Pleistocene interglacial–glacial transitions and human adaption. Aquatic microfossil and pollen assemblages from the ‘Reinsdorf sequence’, likely correlated to Marine Isotope Stage 9, document environmental changes from a thermal maximum to succeeding glacial conditions recorded in two sequences of excavation sites 12 II and 13 II. Multi-proxy analyses enable detailed reconstruction of lake-shore and landscape developments despite variable microfossil preservation in changing carbonate- and organic-rich deposits. Rich aquatic vegetation with abundant charophytes suggests repeated phases with water depths of 0.5–2 m at site 13 II, while even greater temporary depths are deduced for 12 II DB. Mesorheophilic and mesotitanophilic ostracod species indicate stream inflows with medium–low calcium contents of >18 mg Ca L^–1 originating from nearby springs. Diatoms point to meso-eutrophic conditions and an alkaline pH of the lake water. Interglacial conditions with thermophile forests but no aquatic microfossils preserved, suggesting a dry or only temporarily flooded site, mark the beginning of the sequence. Continuous presence of aquatic organisms and overall dominance of small tychoplanktonic diatoms during a subsequent cool steppe phase provide evidence for increased water depths and unstable habitats characterized by erosion and probably prolonged periods of lake ice cover. During the succeeding boreal forest-steppe phase, surface runoff into the productive, shallow lake decreased due to a more extensive vegetation cover. Concurrently, intensified groundwater input in contact with the nearby salt wall caused elevated salinities. Following a lake level drop, stream inflows and lake levels increased again towards the end of the Reinsdorf sequence and promoted development of a diverse fauna and flora at the lake shore; thereby maintaining an attractive living and hunting environment for early humans during a phase of generally cooler temperatures and landscape instability at the transition into a glacial period.  相似文献   

Open-source MATLAB implementation of consistent discretisations on complex grids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Knut–Andreas Lie  Stein Krogstad  Ingeborg Skjelkv?le Ligaarden  Jostein Roald Natvig  Halvor M?ll Nilsen  B?rd Skaflestad 《Computational Geosciences》2012,16(2):297-322

Accurate geological modelling of features such as faults, fractures or erosion requires grids that are flexible with respect to geometry. Such grids generally contain polyhedral cells and complex grid-cell connectivities. The grid representation for polyhedral grids in turn affects the efficient implementation of numerical methods for subsurface flow simulations. It is well known that conventional two-point flux-approximation methods are only consistent for K-orthogonal grids and will, therefore, not converge in the general case. In recent years, there has been significant research into consistent and convergent methods, including mixed, multipoint and mimetic discretisation methods. Likewise, the so-called multiscale methods based upon hierarchically coarsened grids have received a lot of attention. The paper does not propose novel mathematical methods but instead presents an open-source Matlab? toolkit that can be used as an efficient test platform for (new) discretisation and solution methods in reservoir simulation. The aim of the toolkit is to support reproducible research and simplify the development, verification and validation and testing and comparison of new discretisation and solution methods on general unstructured grids, including in particular corner point and 2.5D PEBI grids. The toolkit consists of a set of data structures and routines for creating, manipulating and visualising petrophysical data, fluid models and (unstructured) grids, including support for industry standard input formats, as well as routines for computing single and multiphase (incompressible) flow. We review key features of the toolkit and discuss a generic mimetic formulation that includes many known discretisation methods, including both the standard two-point method as well as consistent and convergent multipoint and mimetic methods. Apart from the core routines and data structures, the toolkit contains add-on modules that implement more advanced solvers and functionality. Herein, we show examples of multiscale methods and adjoint methods for use in optimisation of rates and placement of wells.  相似文献