Cabin air temperature of parked vehicles in summer conditions: life-threatening environment for children and pets calculated by a dynamic model     

Johannes?Horak  Ivo?Schmerold  Kurt?Wimmer  Günther?SchaubergerEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,130(1-2):107-118

In vehicles that are parked, no ventilation and/or air conditioning takes place. If a vehicle is exposed to direct solar radiation, an immediate temperature rise occurs. The high cabin air temperature can threaten children and animals that are left unattended in vehicles. In the USA, lethal heat strokes cause a mean death rate of 37 children per year. In addition, temperature-sensitive goods (e.g. drugs in ambulances and veterinary vehicles) can be adversely affected by high temperatures. To calculate the rise of the cabin air temperature, a dynamic model was developed that is driven by only three parameters, available at standard meteorological stations: air temperature, global radiation and wind velocity. The transition from the initial temperature to the constant equilibrium temperature depends strongly on the configuration of the vehicle, more specifically on insulation, window area and transmission of the glass, as well as on the meteorological conditions. The comparison of the model with empirical data showed good agreement. The model output can be applied to assess the heat load of children and animals as well as temperature-sensitive goods, which are transported and/or stored in a vehicle.  相似文献   

Nonlinear modeling of the seismic response of masonry structures: critical review and open issues towards engineering practice     

Cattari  Serena  Calderoni  Bruno  Cali&#;  Ivo  Camata  Guido  de Miranda  Stefano  Magenes  Guido  Milani  Gabriele  Saetta  Anna 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(4):1939-1997

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - This paper provides a comphrensive review of the critical aspects of nonlinear modeling for evaluating the seismic response of masonry structures, emphasizing...  相似文献   

Holocene reactivations of catastrophic complex flow-like landslides in the Flysch Carpathians (Czech Republic/Slovakia)     

Tomáš Pánek  Veronika Smolková  Jan Hradecký  Ivo Baroň  Karel Šilhán 《Quaternary Research》2013

Complex flow-like landslides (CFLLs) are important geomorphic agents of Late Quaternary mountain evolution in the Flysch Belt of the Outer Western Carpathians. The CFLLs are characterised by the upper section of deep-seated, retrogressive landslide of structurally unfavourably oriented rocks and lower sections composed of earthflows originated due to liquefaction of material accumulated from the upper slopes. Radiocarbon dating of organic matter incorporated into landslide debris or related deposits suggests that most of the CFLLs collapsed repeatedly throughout the Holocene with typical recurrence intervals of approximately 1–2 ka. Catastrophic landslides that occurred during extreme hydrometeorological events in recent decades displayed evidence of Holocene activity. Most of the CFLLs dammed and steepened adjacent valleys. Our chronological dataset is biased by erosion of older landforms, but most of the dated reactivations correlate to regional increases in humidity identified by previous paleoenvironmetal studies.  相似文献   

Cartographies of Travel and Navigation - Edited by James R Akerman     

Ivo  Wengraf 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(3):286-287

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Nonlinear finite and discrete element simulations of multi-storey masonry walls     

Occhipinti  Giuseppe  Cali&#;  Ivo  D&#;Altri  Antonio Maria  Grillanda  Nicola  de Miranda  Stefano  Milani  Gabriele  Spacone  Enrico 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(4):2219-2244

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - This paper reports the results of different finite and discrete element simulations on a well-known benchmark of an unreinforced plane masonry structure....  相似文献   

Justice for climate loss and damage     

Ivo Wallimann-Helmer 《Climatic change》2015,133(3):469-480

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Lamellar pyroxenes and their petrogenetic significance: Three examples from the Czech Massif     

Ivo Šanc  Milan Rieder 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1983,84(1):73-83

The first event in the crystallization of pyroxenite in nodules from Bory was the growth of clinopyroxene at an uncertain 1,190(30)° C and 2.5(2)GPa. Lamellae of garnet and orthopyroxene in CPX nucleated slightly above 1,000° C and equilibrated at 940(20)° C and 3.9(6)GPa. The growth of lamellae was followed by crystallization of groundmass that corroded lamellar clinopyroxene. Phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene in olivine pyroxenite from T?i Studně crystallized at 1,290(100)° C and 2.3(1.4)GPa. The lamellae in both phases nucleated between 1,400 and 1,200° C and equilibrated at 860(40)° C and 0.2(3)GPa, before regional metamorphism. (The temperatures of nucleation mentioned rest on uncertain assumptions in the phase-boundary theory and should be viewed with caution.) The serpentinized peridotite-pyroxenite from De?tná contains clinopyroxene relics (the only primary phase) with lamellae of a 1.42 nm sheet silicate topotactically pseudomorphing enstatite, possibly a chlorite or vermiculite. All phases in lamellae are crystallographically oriented in the hosts. The present cases suggest that when applying the theory of phase boundaries, a modified procedure of Robinson et al. should also be considered, in which identity of adjacent areas, rather than just vectors, is the basis of calculation. Spinel lamellae in CPX are bounded not only by faces parallel to coherent interfaces, but also by faces formed by accumulation of incoherent edges of growth ledges.  相似文献   

Verbessertes Unpersönliches Mikrometer für Das Zirkumzenital     

Ivo Baueršíma  Josef Šuráň 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1963,7(3):209-227

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Sul carattere delle tempeste ionosferiche osservate a Buenos Aires     

Prof. Dr. Ivo Ranzi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1952,23(1):60-64

Riassunto L'A. espone in forma sintetica i risultati di uno studio sulle caratteristiche delle perturbazioni ionosferiche in Buenos Aires. Durante i mesi invernali la fase positiva delle perturbazioni nella regione F2 appare notevolmente ampia e si nota una stretta correlazione negativa fra la foF2 e la componente orizzontale del campomagnetico terrestre.

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Summary The Author reports synthetically the results of an investigation concerning the characteristics of ionospheric storms at Buenos Aires. In winter, the positive phase of the storms in the F2 region appears considerably large, and a close negative correlation is observed between the foF2 and the horizontal component of the terrestrial magnetic field.

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Improvement of a hypoplastic model to predict clay behaviour under undrained conditions     

David Mašín  Ivo Herle 《Acta Geotechnica》2007,2(4):261-268

A shortcoming of the hypoplastic model for clays proposed by the first author is an incorrect prediction of the initial portion of the undrained stress path, particularly for tests on normally consolidated soils at isotropic stress states. A conceptually simple modification of this model, which overcomes this drawback, is proposed in the contribution. The modified model is applicable to both normally consolidated and overconsolidated soils and predicts the same swept-out-memory states (i.e., normal compression lines) as the original model. At anisotropic stress states and at higher overconsolidation ratios the modified model yields predictions similar to the original model.  相似文献