Assessing Disagreement and Tolerance of Misclassification of Satellite-derived Land Cover Products Used in WRF Model Applications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GAO Hao  JIA Gensuo 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):125-141

As more satellite-derived land cover products used in the study of global change,especially climate modeling,assessing their quality has become vitally important.In this study,we developed a distance metric based on the parameters used in weather research and forecasting(WRF) to characterize the degree of disagreement among land cover products and to identify the tolerance for misclassification within the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme(IGBP) classification scheme.We determined the spatial degree of disagreement and then created maps of misclassification of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectoradiometer(MODIS) products,and we calculated overall and class-specific accuracy and fuzzy agreement in a WRF model.Our results show a high level of agreement and high tolerance of misclassification in the WRF model between large-scale homogeneous landscapes,while a low level of agreement and tolerance of misclassification appeared in heterogeneous landscapes.The degree of disagreement varied significantly among seven regions of China.The class-specific accuracy and fuzzy agreement in MODIS Collection 4 and 5 products varied significantly.High accuracy and fuzzy agreement occurred in the following classes:water,grassland,cropland,and barren or sparsely vegetated.Misclassification mainly occurred among specific classes with similar plant functional types and low discriminative spectro-temporal signals.Some classes need to be improved further;the quality of MODIS land cover products across China still does not meet the common requirements of climate modeling.Our findings may have important implications for improving land surface parameterization for simulating climate and for better understanding the influence of the land cover change on climate.  相似文献   

The population structural transition effect on rising per capita CO2 emissions: evidence from China     

Junfeng Wang  Yaqing Wu  Yue Zhao  Shutong He  Zhanfeng Dong  Wenguang Bo 《Climate Policy》2013,13(10):1250-1269

ABSTRACT

The per capita CO₂ emissions (PCCE) of many developing countries like China have been rising faster than total CO₂ emissions, and display spatial divergence. Such temporal growth and spatial divergence will have a significant influence on efforts to mitigate CO₂ emissions. Given the research gap on the impact of the structural transition in population on PCCE, we constructed an econometric model using the dynamic panel method. The results reveal that the population structural transition has a significant nonlinear impact on PCCE, as the rate of population growth in China decelerates. Both demographic ageing and urban-rural migration have a stronger impact on PCCE than other factors. This effect, however, decreases beyond a certain threshold. An increase in the number of households due to urbanization and family downsizing has resulted in a positive effect on PCCE, without a threshold turning point. The research also finds that an increased share of the service sector in employment can reduce PCCE only if the sector employs more than 31.56% of the total employed population. Overall, these findings indicate that policymakers should pay attention to the prominence of the demographic structural transition for effective climate policy.

Key policy insights

• Policymakers should address rising per capita carbon emissions (PCCE) and their spatial divergence in future climate policies, not just total CO₂ emissions.

• The transitioning demographics of ageing and urbanization in China show a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped effect on PCCE instead of a continuously positive effect.

• Based on the nonlinear effect of employment structure on PCCE, policymakers should focus on the relationship between the structural transition of the economy and PCCE in future climate mitigation policies.

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云南不同气候带极端气温变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈艳  段旭  董文杰  郭世昌 《气象科技》2013,41(1):126-130

利用1975-2008年云南6个气候代表站的最高气温、最低气温和平均气温资料,分析了气温序列的变化趋势,探讨了可能的形成原因.结果显示,各代表站的气温总体上呈上升趋势,但气温变化率的大小与其所处的气候带之间没有明显的规律性差异.代表高原气候的香格里拉站其气温增暖趋势最突出,代表北亚热带、中亚热带和南亚热带站点的气温与其有相似的变化趋势,主要表现为最低气温增温速率最大,平均气温次之,最高气温最小,而气温日较差(DTR:Differenceof Temperature Range)有明显减小趋势.温带和北热带代表站气温的变化则有不同的特征,温带的变化表现为最高气温显著上升,最低气温上升速率略小于平均气温的上升速率,DTR变化不显著;北热带的变化表现为平均气温增温速率最大,最低气温次之,最高气温最小,DTR变化不显著.对各站相对暖日、冷日、暖夜、冷夜和霜日的逐年统计分析表明,总体上云南的冷事件在减少,而暖事件增多.  相似文献   

基于干涉仪原理的甚高频雷电单站预警   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周康辉  董万胜  刘恒毅  蔡力  杨磊  马祥 《气象科技》2013,41(3):563-568

针对目前闪电单站探测与预警装置的局限性,设计了一套基于闪电宽带干涉仪原理的甚高频单站雷电预警装置.该装置通过测量雷电(包括云闪与地闪)起始时刻的辐射信号到达竖直天线阵列的相位差,计算得到该信号的仰角,根据仰角估算雷电的距离,进而根据雷电的距离和活动特征进行雷电报警.单站测距误差分析结果表明,单站系统对半径50 km范围内闪电测距误差在25％以内,半径100 km范围内的闪电测距误差在30％以内.雷电单站预警装置对一次雷暴过程进行了观测,观测结果表明,该装置能有效探测半径100 km范围内的闪电活动状况,探测到的闪电频次分布、闪电距离与多站闪电定位结果保持较好一致性,证明其能有效探测周围闪电活动状况,起到提前预警雷暴的作用.  相似文献   

星载GPS自主定轨的长期稳定性     

熊永清  贾沛璋 《天文学报》2006,47(4):467-474

通过模拟长达100天的星载GPS伪距观测资料,进行卡尔曼滤波定轨仿真计算．重点研究：1)采用简化的动力学模型与简化状态转移矩阵,是否保证滤波的长期稳定性；2)模型误差矩阵Q的选取对滤波定轨精度的影响；3)与事后最小二乘批处理相比较,在简化模型下自主定轨的精度．同时给出了相应的结论．  相似文献   

Different Features of Jets and Isotropic Fireballs in Gamma-ray Burst Phase     

Yun-Ming Dong Lan-Wei Jia Xiao-Hong Zhao Yunnan Astronomical Observatory/National Astronomical Observatories  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming  Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(1):69-76

We investigated physical quantities including the spectrum,emission lines and pulse profiles expected from a uniform jet,a spherical fireball and the 1/Γ region (the portion of the spherical fireball with opening angle 1/Γ)in the prompt emission phase,after taking into consideration of the Doppler effect under the fireball frame- work.Our study shows that:a)for these physical quantities the spherical fireball and the uniform jets do not present obvious differences,so we cannot use these to distinguish a spherical fireball from a uniform jet;b)for the spherical fireball and a uniform jet,the observed quantities mainly come from the 1/Г region,so we can simply use the 1/Г region in approximate calculations;c)broadening of emission lines is a general phenomena,which mainly comes from the curvature effect;d)the 1/Γ region plays different roles in different frequency ranges,and the radiation from the 1/Γ region is greater in the higher than in the lower frequencies.  相似文献   

流体 花岗岩 金矿     

罗铭玖  卢欣祥  郑德琼  董有  常秋玲 《河南国土资源》1995,(4)

流体地质研究是当代地学研究中的重要前沿课题，已成为发展地质科学、建立新的知识体系的一个主要支柱和知识生长点。本文阐述了当今国内外流体的研究现状、发展水平、流体的涵义、性质、研究方法和研究重点及其与板块构造、变质作用、岩浆作用、成矿作用、成矿作用的重要意义。流体地质为地质科学提出了许多新的研究机会和挑战。该文在简要评述当今花岗岩研究现状的基础上，对花岗岩与金矿的关系进行了深入的讨论，指出了不同成因类型的花岗岩与金矿有着完全不同的关系。人们所说的花岗岩与金矿关系多数情况下应考虑是流体作用的结果。最后指出加强流体地质研究对提高河南地质与金矿的研究水平具有十分重要的实际意义和理论意义。  相似文献   

Studies of community structure and seasonal dynamics of planktonic copepods in saline-alkaline ponds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵文  董双林 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2):189-193

Abstracts Species abundance and seasonal succession of copepods in saline-alkaline ponds were studied in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, from 5 April 1997 to 1 September 1998. The results indicated that in the conditions of salinity ranging from 1.36 to 20 g/L, total alkalinity changing from 2.4 to 7.2 mmol/L and pH 8-9, zooplankton in saline-alkaline ponds was composed of freshwater salt-tolerated species or halophile species, some of which are halobiont species and usually occurs in freshwater. In our study, copepods were predominant in many fish-culture ponds and all control ponds without fishes in spring, late autumn and early winter. Dominant species of copepods were Sinocalanus tenellus, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis. The biomass of copepods in the control ponds without fishes was higher than that of the fish-culture ponds.  相似文献   

烟台市牟平区尺坎金矿床地质特征     

刘玉谭  张丕建  董祥呈 《山东国土资源》2006,22(8):45-48

尺坎金矿床地处胶东东部著名的牟平-乳山金成矿带中,区内金矿主要受区域性牟平-海阳断裂上盘的NNE向断裂控制,沿走向、倾向均具膨胀狭缩现象,中生代燕山早期的岩浆侵入活动为成矿提供了热源,古元古代荆山群变质岩系是金矿的原始矿源层。矿床成因为中温热液充填交代型。  相似文献   

Wave excitation in three-dimensional discs by external potential     

Hang Zhang  Dong Lai 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,368(2):917-934

We study the excitation of density and bending waves and the associated angular momentum transfer in gaseous discs with finite thickness by a rotating external potential. The disc is assumed to be isothermal in the vertical direction and has no self-gravity. The disc perturbations are decomposed into different modes, each characterized by the azimuthal index m and the vertical index n , which specifies the nodal number of the density perturbation along the disc normal direction. The   n = 0  modes correspond to the two-dimensional density waves previously studied by Goldreich & Tremaine and others. In a three-dimensional disc, waves can be excited at both Lindblad resonances (LRs; for modes with   n = 0, 1, 2, …  ) and vertical resonances (VRs; for the   n ≥ 1  modes only). The torque on the disc is positive for waves excited at outer Lindblad/vertical resonances and negative at inner Lindblad/vertical resonances. While the   n = 0  modes are evanescent around corotation, the   n ≥ 1  modes can propagate into the corotation region where they are damped and deposit their angular momenta. We have derived analytical expressions for the amplitudes of different wave modes excited at LRs and/or VRs and the resulting torques on the disc. It is found that for   n ≥ 1  , angular momentum transfer through VRs is much more efficient than LRs. This implies that in some situations (e.g. a circumstellar disc perturbed by a planet in an inclined orbit), VRs may be an important channel of angular momentum transfer between the disc and the external potential. We have also derived new formulae for the angular momentum deposition at corotation and studied wave excitations at disc boundaries.  相似文献