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361.
Quantitative mineralogical analysis of bulk samples and single particles was carried out on three loess sections of different local climate settings on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Mineralogy, geochemistry, and single-particle petrography of loess and paleosols are relatively uniform over the CLP. However, in detail, there are mineralogical changes related to eolian process and chemical weathering. Particle-size sorting eastward from western sources led to an eastward increase of the total phyllosilicate contents enriched in fine illitic clay minerals. After deposition, detrital minerals susceptible to chemical weathering were sequentially altered in a progressive fashion with increasing precipitation in the order of calcite, dolomite, biotite, illite, chlorite, amphibole, and plagioclase. The weathering of biotite, chlorite, and illite resulted in a significant increase of expandable phyllosilicate contents. The sequential weathering of the minerals is reflected chemically in the decrease of Na and Mg and the increase of iron oxidation. Mineralogy of the Chinese loess at individual sites reflects the effects of size fractionation during eolian transportation and progressive sequential weathering along the climatic gradient, and it is essential to consider both effects when using mineralogical and dependent chemical data in the paleoclimatic reconstruction of the CLP. 相似文献
362.
Euchaetid copepods (Calanoida, Clausocalanoidea) were collected from the southeastern region of Korea and the East/Japan Sea
from June 2007 to August 2008. Seven species were found and redescribed in this study: five species from the genus Euchaeta (E. concinna, E. indica, E. longicornis, E. plana and E. rimana) and two species from the genus Paraeuchaeta (P. elongata and P. russelli). Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed detailed taxonomic features with special references to their genital structure.
The euchaetid copepods show speciesspecific characteristics on their genital structures, in particular on the shapes of genital
operculum and genital flange. Their zoogeographies were also discussed. They can be regarded as an indicator species of the
Tsushima Warm Current and East Sea Intermediate Water. 相似文献
363.
Surface geophysical investigations of landslide at the Wiri area in southeastern Korea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A geophysical survey was undertaken at Wiri area of the Andong in southeastern Korea to delineate subsurface structure and
to detect the fault zone, which affected the 1997 mountain–hill subsidence and subsequent road heaving initiated by the intense
rainfall. Electrical resistivity methods of dipole–dipole array profiling and Schlumberger array sounding and seismic methods
of refraction and reflection profiling were used to map a clay zone, which was regarded as the major factor for the landslide.
The clay zone was identified in electrical resistivity and seismic sections as having low electrical resistivity (<100 Ωm)
and low seismic velocity (<400 m/s), respectively. The clay zone detected by using geophysical methods is well correlated
with its distribution from the trench and drill-core data. The results of the electrical and seismic surveys showed that slope
subsidence was associated with the sliding of saturated clay along a fault plane trending NNW–SSE and dipping 10°–20° SW.
However, the road heaving was caused by the slope movement of the saturated clay along a sub-vertical NNE-trending fault. 相似文献
364.
Characterizing Excavation Damaged Zone and Stability of Pressurized Lined Rock Caverns for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Hyung-Mok Kim Jonny Rutqvist Ju-Hwan Jeong Byung-Hee Choi Dong-Woo Ryu Won-Kyong Song 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(5):1113-1124
In this paper, we investigate the influence of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) on the geomechanical performance of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns. We conducted a detailed characterization of the EDZ in rock caverns that have been excavated for a Korean pilot test program on CAES in (concrete) lined rock caverns at shallow depth. The EDZ was characterized by measurements of P- and S-wave velocities and permeability across the EDZ and into undisturbed host rock. Moreover, we constructed an in situ concrete lining model and conducted permeability measurements in boreholes penetrating the concrete, through the EDZ and into the undisturbed host rock. Using the site-specific conditions and the results of the EDZ characterization, we carried out a model simulation to investigate the influence of the EDZ on the CAES performance, in particular related to geomechanical responses and stability. We used a modeling approach including coupled thermodynamic multiphase flow and geomechanics, which was proven to be useful in previous generic CAES studies. Our modeling results showed that the potential for inducing tensile fractures and air leakage through the concrete lining could be substantially reduced if the EDZ around the cavern could be minimized. Moreover, the results showed that the most favorable design for reducing the potential for tensile failure in the lining would be a relatively compliant concrete lining with a tight inner seal, and a relatively stiff (uncompliant) host rock with a minimized EDZ. Because EDZ compliance depends on its compressibility (or modulus) and thickness, care should be taken during drill and blast operations to minimize the damage to the cavern walls. 相似文献
365.
A genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the two-dimensional Storm Surge/Tide Operational Model (STORM)
to improve sea level predictions of storm surges. The model was then tested using data from Typhoon Maemi, which landed on
the Korean Peninsula in 2003. The following model parameters were used: the coefficients for bottom drag, background horizontal
diffusivity, Smagorinsky’s horizontal viscosity, and sea level pressure scaling. The simulation results using the optimized
parameters improved sea level predictions. This study demonstrates that parameter optimizations and their adequate applications
are essential for improving model performance. 相似文献
366.
ABSTRACTThe impacts of future climate change on the agricultural water supply capacities of irrigation facilities in the Geum River basin (9645.5 km2) of South Korea were investigated using an integrated modeling framework that included a water balance network model (MODSIM) and a watershed-scale hydrologic model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT). The discharges and baseflows from upland drainage areas were estimated using SWAT, and the predicted flow was used to feed agricultural reservoirs and multipurpose dams in subwatersheds. Using a split sampling method, we calibrated the daily streamflows and dam inflows at three locations using data from 6 years, including 3 years of calibration data (2005–2007) followed by 3 years of validation data (2008–2010). In the MODSIM model, the entire basin was divided into 14 subwatersheds in which various agricultural irrigation facilities such as agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations, diversions, culverts and groundwater wells were defined as a network of hydraulic structures within each subwatershed. These hydraulic networks between subwatersheds were inter-connected to allow watershed-scale analysis and were further connected to municipal and industrial water supplies under various hydrologic conditions. Projected climate data from the HadGEM3-RA RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the period of 2006–2099 were imported to SWAT to calculate the water yield, and the output was transferred to MODSIM in the form of time-series boundary conditions. The maximum shortage rate of agricultural water was estimated as 38.2% for the 2040s and 2080s under the RCP 4.5 scenario but was lower under the RCP 8.5 scenario (21.3% in the 2040s and 22.1% in the 2080s). Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the projected shortage rate was higher than that during the measured baseline period (1982–2011) of 25.6% and the RCP historical period (1982–2005) of 30.1%. The future elevated drought levels are primarily attributed to the increasingly concentrated rainfall distribution throughout the year under a monsoonal climate, as projected by the IPCC climate scenarios.
EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned 相似文献
367.
368.
Woong-Seob Jeong Chris P. Pearson † Hyung Mok Lee Soojong Pak Takao Nakagawa 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(1):281-294
We present a comprehensive analysis for the determination of the confusion levels for the current and the next generation of far-infrared surveys assuming three different cosmological evolutionary scenarios. We include an extensive model for diffuse emission from infrared cirrus in order to derive absolute sensitivity levels taking into account the source confusion noise due to point sources, the sky confusion noise due to the diffuse emission, and instrumental noise. We use our derived sensitivities to suggest best survey strategies for the current and the future far-infrared space missions Spitzer , AKARI ( ASTRO-F ), Herschel and SPICA . We discuss whether the theoretical estimates are realistic and the competing necessities of reliability and completeness. We find the best estimator for the representation of the source confusion and produce predictions for the source confusion using far-infrared source count models. From these confusion limits considering both source and sky confusions, we obtain the optimal, confusion limited redshift distribution for each mission. Finally, we predict the cosmic far-infrared background (CFIRB), which includes information about the number and distribution of the contributing sources. 相似文献
369.
370.
Woong-Seob Jeong Hyung Mok Lee Soojong Pak Takao Nakagawa Suk Minn Kwon Chris P. Pearson Glenn J. White 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,357(2):535-547
Fluctuations in the brightness of the background radiation can lead to confusion with real point sources. This type of confusion with background emission is relevant when making infrared (IR) observations with relatively large beam sizes, since the amount of fluctuation tends to increase with the angular scale. To quantitively assess the effect of the background emission on the detection of point sources for current and future far-IR observations by space-borne missions such as Spitzer , ASTRO-F , Herschel and Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics ( SPICA ), we have extended the Galactic emission map to a higher level of angular resolution than that of the currently available data. Using this high-resolution map, we estimate the sky confusion noise owing to the emission from interstellar dust clouds or cirrus, based on fluctuation analysis and detailed photometry over realistically simulated images. We find that the confusion noise derived by simple fluctuation analysis agrees well with the results from realistic simulations. Although sky confusion noise becomes dominant in long wavelength bands (>100 μm) with 60–90 cm aperture missions, it is expected to be two orders of magnitude lower for the next generation of space missions (with larger aperture sizes) such as Herschel and SPICA . 相似文献