Correlation analysis of geothermal data for the sedimentary basins of India     

Janardan G. Negi  Pramode K. Panda  Om Prakash Pandey 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,21(2):143-148

Correlation coefficients are calculated from the available geothermic data for the sedimentary basins of India to reveal some significant association between: (1) heat flow and thermal conductivity, (2) heat flow and geothermal gradient, (3) geothermal gradient and thermal conductivity, and (4) heat flow and related crustal thickness. The observed negative correlationship between heat flow and thermal conductivity for all Indian sedimentary basins suggests corresponding changes in crustal thickness.  相似文献   

Total information content as an index of soil moisture     

R. N. Sahoo  M. Bhavanarayana  B. C. Panda  C. N. Arika  R. Kaur 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2005,33(1):17-23

Accurate estimation of soil moisture through remote sensing technique has been a challenge till date. In optical and thermal remote sensing, there is no index developed to detect the changes in soil moisture levels. In microwave region, soil roughness and other target parameters equally affect the technique for soil moisture estimation. Therefore, a computational technique in C language based on Shannon’s Information Theory (Shannon, 1948) has been developed to calculate total information content from multispectral radiometer data. The total information content is a compressed single value, which quantifies the information content of soil spectral reflectance in the electromagnetic spectrum range (400–1100 nm) under study. This technique was tested over a wide range of soil moisture levels. The study revealed that as compared to other techniques total information content index is very sensitive to change in moisture content of soil. This technique could not only quantify the soil moisture content in optical and near infra red region, but also led to a simplified one dimensional separability and clustering analysis.  相似文献   

The transient and steady-state influence of sediment compaction and interstitial water expulsion on the temperature distribution in oceanic sediments     

Pramode K. Panda 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1973,2(1):37-49

The transient and steady-state solution of the linear heat transfer equation considering the rate of compaction of sediments and the vertical migration of interstitial water are obtained, respectively, for a single layer and a multi-layer model of unconsolidated sediments. At steady state the temperature profile with depth becomes a convex curve rather than a straight line due to the presence of above factors. The time needed to reach the steady state is observed to be directly proportional to the square of the thickness of the layer. The thermal gradient at the surface increases parabolically with the increase in the rate of the above-mentioned factors.The application of the steady-state results to the bore hole in Amchitka Island (Sass and Munroe, 1970) suggests that the observed surface heat flow value differs by 14% from the calculated one. Also the heat flow value at greater depth is calculated to be 2.02 · 10⁶ cal cm ²s¹, which is close to the mean value for Phillippine Trench (Nagasaka et al., 1970).  相似文献   

Integrated water resource management in a major canal command in eastern India     

S. K. Raul  Sudhindra N. Panda  H. Holländer  M. Billib 《水文研究》2011,25(16):2551-2562

The present rice‐dominated cropping system in the Hirakud canal command (eastern India) is under severe threat due to imbalance between irrigation water supply and demand. The canal water supply, which is the only source of irrigation, only meets 54% of the demand at 90% probability of exceedance (PE). In order to mitigate the irrigation water deficit from canal water, groundwater is considered as a supplemental source. Quasi‐three‐dimensional groundwater flow simulation modelling was, therefore, carried out by using Visual MODFLOW to detect the change in hydraulic head due to transient pumping stresses. The simulation model was calibrated and validated satisfactorily. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters shows that groundwater recharge is most sensitive followed by aquifer hydraulic conductivity at almost all the sites of the command area, whereas the model is comparatively less sensitive to specific storage and specific yield. Enhanced pumping scenarios showed that groundwater extraction can be increased up to 50 times of the existing pumping without causing any adverse effect to the aquifer but the aquifer does not permit to exploit water in order to fulfill the irrigation water demand even at 10% PE. Hence, it is imperative to develop an optimal land and water resources management plan of the command area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Variation in black carbon mass concentration over an urban site in the eastern coastal plains of the Indian sub-continent     

Parth S. Mahapatra  Sipra Panda  Namrata Das  Satyajit Rath  Trupti Das 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(1-2):133-147

Black carbon (BC) mass concentration variation has been studied, over a period of 2 years (June 2010–May 2012) at Bhubaneswar. Daily, monthly and seasonal measurements revealed a clear winter maxima (5.6 μg/m³) of BC followed by post-monsoon (4.05 μg/m³), monsoon (3.02 μg/m³) and pre-monsoon (2.46 μg/m³). Nighttime BC mass concentrations have been found to be distinctly higher during winter followed by post-monsoon and monsoon. Investigations reveal that the winter maxima are due to a stable atmospheric condition and long-range transport over the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Western Asia. Local boundary layer dynamics and anthropogenic activities have been assumed to have a pronounced effect on the diurnal cycle seasonally. Statistical analysis suggests significant variation of BC during the months and non-significant during the days. The study also gives an insight into importance of BC study from health angle and suggests an assessment and management framework. Source apportionment study suggests that BC mass concentration observed at Bhubaneswar is generally dominated by fossil fuel combustion.  相似文献   

Assessment of future climate variability and potential adaptation strategies on yield of peanut and Kharif rice in eastern India     

Halder  Debjani  Kheroar  Shyamal  Srivastava  Rajiv Kumar  Panda  Rabindra Kumar 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2020,140(3):823-838

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Temperature and CO2 are the two most important climate parameters that affect crop yield directly. In this study, the impact of these two parameters on the...  相似文献   

Adaptive capacity contributing to improved agricultural productivity at the household level: Empirical findings highlighting the importance of crop insurance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Architesh Panda  Upasna Sharma  K.N. Ninan  Anthony Patt 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(4):782-790

Understanding the factors that give rise to greater or lesser adaptive capacity among households with in a community could allow government interventions to target the right groups of people. In this paper we study such factors, making use of a household survey administered in the Indian state of Odisha. In the survey, we queried respondents for the adaptations that they had engaged in to deal with the risk of drought, as well as a number of indicators for adaptive capacity taken from the literature. We found a large number of indicators of adaptive capacity to correlate with one or more adaptations taken. However, many of these indicators, while increasing the likelihood that one adaptation would be taken, also decreased the likelihood that another would be taken, and hence were not unambiguous determinants of greater adaptive capacity in general. One indicator, access to crop insurance, stood out as particularly effective: it correlated with an increased likelihood of engaging in two separate yield-raising adaptations, and correlated with a decreased likelihood of engaging in two additional adaptations that would have the effect of reducing yields. The results suggest that further attention to crop insurance may be warranted, as well as further research to determine if the other indicators may be effective in other contextual settings.  相似文献   

Hydrological modelling of a small watershed using generated rainfall in the soil and water assessment tool model     

M. P. Tripathi  R. K. Panda  N. S. Raghuwanshi  R. Singh 《水文研究》2004,18(10):1811-1821

An adequately tested soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was applied to the runoff and sediment yield of a small agricultural watershed in eastern India using generated rainfall. The capability of the model for generating rainfall was evaluated for a period of 18 years (1981–1998). The watershed and subwatershed boundaries, drainage networks, slope, soil series and texture maps were generated using a geographical information system (GIS). A supervised classification method was used for land‐use/cover classification from satellite imageries. Model simulated monthly rainfall for the period of 18 years was compared with observations. Simulated monthly rainfall, runoff and sediment yield values for the monsoon season of 8 years (1991–1998) were also compared with their observed values. In general monthly average rainfall predicted by the model was in close agreement with the observed monthly average values. Also, simulated monthly average values of surface runoff and sediment yield using generated rainfall compared well with observed values during the monsoon season of the years 1991–1998. Results of this study revealed that the SWAT model can generate monthly average rainfall satisfactorily and thereby can produce monthly average values of surface runoff and sediment yield close to the observed values. Therefore, it can be concluded that the SWAT model could be used for developing a multiple year management plan for the critical erosion prone areas of a small watershed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A hydrochemical approach to estimate mountain front recharge in an aquifer system in Tamilnadu,India     

Banaja Rani Panda  S. Chidambaram  N. Ganesh  V. S. Adithya  M. V. Prasanna  K. Pradeep  U. Vasudevan 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(3):465-488

Mountain-front recharge (MFR) is a process of recharging an aquifer by infiltration of surface flow from streams and adjacent basins in a mountain block and along a mountain front (MF). This is the first attempt in India to estimate MFR along the foothills of Courtallam using hydrogeochemistry and geostatistical tools. The estimation of MFR has been carried out by collecting groundwater samples along the foothills of Courtallam. Collected water samples were analyzed for major cations and anions using standard procedures. Hydrogeochemical facies show the existence of four water types in this region. Calcium-rich water derived from gneissic rock terrain indicates significant recharge from higher elevation. Log pCO₂ and ionic strength of the samples were also calculated to identify the geochemical process. Majority of the collected samples have sodium-rich water and weak ionic strength, which indicate foothill recharge and low residence time. Silicate and carbonate weathering have an equal interplay along the foothills with a relatively large fraction of Mg from the MF. The spatial diagrams of three factors show that the southern part of the study area is dominated by both weathering and anthropogenic processes, whereas the northern part is dominated by both leaching and weathering processes. Thus, the dominant weathering process represented by the second factor indicates the large recharge process along the foothills.  相似文献   

Effective bioremoval of syntan using fungal laccase to reduce pollution from effluent     

T. Senthilvelan  J. Kanagaraj  R. C. Panda 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(7):1429-1440

Syntans are synthetically prepared tanning agents from phenols that play an important role in leather making by enhancing the filling, grain characteristics and dyeing property. A considerable amount of syntan emanated in waste water contributes high pollution load with other heterocyclic aromatic compounds and causes serious environmental impact resulting in high oxygen demand. In order to overcome this, suitable biodegradation techniques have been developed using laccase from Penicillium chrysogenum. The influence of different environmental parameters on the biodegradation has also been studied which reveals that the maximum syntan degradation was obtained at pH 5.0, temperature at 32 °C for the duration of 48 h. Maximum biodegradation was found to be 96 and 94% for samples containing phenolic and melamine syntan. Ultraviolet spectra showed the peaks at around 280 nm for the presence of phenolic (DI) syntan and at 220 nm for melamine syntan which were disappeared later in the experimental sample indicating complete degradation of syntans. Fourier spectral analysis indicated that the peaks at the region between 1443–1574 and 1176 cm^?1 correspond to C=C stretching and C–H bending for aromatic region which were later disappeared in the experimental sample. Ultrapressure liquid chromatography elution profiles of syntans showed relatively shorter retention time indicating formation of oxidized products. Syntans, namely DI and FB6, showed reduction in chemical oxygen demand up to 87.71 ± 4 and 83.38 ± 5%, respectively, while total organic carbon reduction was achieved up to 82.37 and 80.72%, respectively. Toxicity studies revealed that seeds were well germinated using the treated (biodegradation) samples by crude laccase .  相似文献