Relative role of sea surface temperature and snow on Indian summer monsoon seasonal simulation using a GCM     

Srinivasarao Karri  S. K. Dash  S. K. Panda  Manish Paliwal  Saroj K. Mishra  Jai-Ho Oh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(9):210

Indian summer monsoon is a global scale phenomenon controlled by different land, ocean, and atmospheric parameters. Sea surface temperature (SST) and snow are two of the major parameters, which may alter the spatial and temporal patterns of circulation and rainfall during Indian summer monsoon. In the current paper, we study the monsoon variability using long integrations (20 years) of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) Spectral model at T80L18 resolution with observed and climatological SST and snow. Study shows response of IITD GCM in simulating the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and circulation relative to the snow and SST as boundary conditions. The model’s response to SST and snow is examined by conducting four types of experiments by varying observed and climatological values of snow and SST. This paper discusses the seasonal total rainfall for country as a whole and 850 and 200 hPa wind for the period of 20 years starting from 1985 to 2004. The model has been integrated in the ensemble mode with five different initial conditions from the last week of April and first week of May. The model is able to capture the climatological patterns of seasonal total rainfall and averaged wind at lower and upper levels. Observed snow in the presence of climatological SST as a boundary condition shows much impact on rainfall and circulation than observed SST in the presence of climatological snow. Model performance is good in simulating the normal and excess monsoon conditions; it shows poor skill in capturing deficit monsoon years.  相似文献   

Characterizing spatial variability of soil properties in salt affected coastal India using geostatistics and kriging   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rahul Tripathi  A. K. Nayak  Mohammad Shahid  R. Raja  B. B. Panda  S. Mohanty  Anjani Kumar  B. Lal  Priyanka Gautam  R. N. Sahoo 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(12):10693-10703

  相似文献   

Runoff modelling of a small watershed using satellite data and GIS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M P Tripathi  R K Panda  S Pradhan  S Sudhakar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2002,30(1-2):39-52

This study was conducted for the Nagwan watershed of the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Hazaribagh, Bihar, India. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to extract the hydrological parameters of the watershed from the remote sensing and field data. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was prepared using contour map (Survey of India, 1:50000 scale) of the watershed. The EASI/PACE GIS software was used to extract the topographic features and to delineate watershed and overland flow-paths from the DEM. Land use classification were generated from data of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1B—LISS—II) to compute runoff Curve Number (CN). Data extracted from contour map, soil map and satellite imagery, viz. drainage basin area, basin shape, average slope of the watershed, main stream channel slope, land use, hydrological soil groups and CN were used for developing an empirical model for surface runoff prediction. It was found that the model can predict runoff reasonably well and is well suited for the Nagwan watershed. Design of conservation structures can be done and their effects on direct runoff can be evaluated using the model. In broader sense it could be concluded that model can be applied for estimating runoff and evaluating its effect on structures of the Nagwan watershed.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability of lightning climatology and its association with thunderstorm indices over India     

Mondal  Unashish  Panda  S. K.  Das  Someshwar  Sharma  Devesh 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,149(1-2):273-289

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Lightning is an electrical discharge — a ‘spark’ or ‘flash’ as charged regions in the atmosphere instantly balance themselves...  相似文献   

Hydrological characterization of Budge Budge and Dum Dum areas of south and north 24 Parganas districts,West Bengal using geoelectric and geochemical methods     

R. K. Majumdar  S. Kar  A. Panda  S. K. Samanta 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(3):330-338

Integrated geoelectric, geological and geochemical investigations are carried out in Budge Budge and Dum Dum areas of south and north 24 Parganas district for ascertaining the prevailing hydrological condition and aquifer characteristic with chemical qualities of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. The proposed areas are constituted of alluvium and marine sediments of Quaternary age being a part of Gangetic delta. Vertical electrical soundings (VES) of Budge Budge have delineated four to six layers consisting of top soils, the brackish water zone, clay layer, first fresh water zone, another clay layer and the bottom-most(sixth layer) second fresh water bearing zone. The first fresh water zone is located at a depth of 128 m with thickness of 43 m having resistivity range of 32 ohm.m to 37 ohm.m for VES locations BB2 and BB3. The resistivity of the deeper second fresh water bearing zone is varying from 47 ohm.m to 51 ohm.m. The interpreted VES results significantly correspond with the borehole litholog of Budge Budge area. Similar VES results are also obtained for Dum Dum area showing promising potential aquifer zone especially for VES locations DD3 and DD4. A litho-resistivity relation is also determined for the area. Total TDS content of Budge Budge ground water samples are ranging from 720 mg/l to 4400 mg/l and same is ranging from 1012 mg/l to 1930mg/l for Dum Dum ground water samples. According to IS standard, the value of major cations and anions are near to the permissible limit for Dum Dum but same is not observed in Budge Budge for drinking and irrigation purpose excepting location G7. According to Piper trilinear diagram, the ground water in Budge Budge area is sulphate rich type and in Dum Dum it is fresh in nature. Chemically, the groundwater samples from Dum Dum and Budge Budge is classified as (Ca+Mg+Cl+SO₄) facies. The geochemical parameters like total hardness (TH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Kelly’s ratio (KR), magnesium ratio (MR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), corrosivity ratio (CR), Gibb’s ratio-I&II (GR-I & GR-II), chloro alkaline indices (CAI-I & CAI-II), permeability index (PI), sea water contamination (SWC) are also determined for better understanding of the quality of groundwater in the above areas.  相似文献   

On dynamics of irradiation distribution field and its impact on hemispherical canopy reflectance     

S K Srivastava  B C Panda 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1993,21(2):49-58

Hemispherical canopy reflectance is not only influenced by the optical properties of canopy, soil background effects and the geometrical arrangement of the constituent elements but it also varies with the differing distributions of the irradiation over the upper hemisphere. The present paper is addressing this problem through ground-based spectroradiometric measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions in case of two crops wheat and gram which differ significantly in their canopies. It was found that the variability of the reflected radiation field due to the anistropic irradiation distribution was maximum in the case of gram than wheat at wavelengths 670 and 860 nm respectively. In addition, the angular anisotropy of the reflectivity at both the wavelengths 670 and 860 nm was found to have the higher values towards off-nadir angles than the values at nadir Moreover, the variability was more pronounced in forward and backward scattering directions.  相似文献   

Geochemical appraisal of mine discharge and tailing at Malanjkhand copper mine,India     

Sk. Md. Equeenuddin  Abhijit Panda  Vishal Singh  Prafulla Kumar Sahoo  Subhashis Sahu  Sumit Kumar Basantray 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(2):209-215

Geophysical investigation using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Seismic Refraction at a proposed conference center site along Ajibode-Labani road, Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria has been carried out. The investigation aims at characterizing and delineating the subsurface strata to understand the weathered profile at the site. Understanding the weathered profile is essential in determining the suitability of the site for engineering construction of the future conference center. A total of 25 VES and 10 ERT profiles were acquired in a systematic grid pattern using both Schlumberger andWenner configurations with Allied omega terrameter. TheVES data were processed and analyzed using WinResist and the ERT data were inverted using RES2DINV. The data were combined to form a 3-D data set of the site and RES3DINV was used to produce the depth slices. Seismic refraction data were also acquired with an ABEM seismograph and processed using SeisImager and Fajseis software. Seismic data were used in understanding the velocity distribution and thickness. The results of VES, ERT and seismic refraction show good correlation. Four sub-surface layers were delineated: top layer of reworked sand, clayey sand/ lateritic hard pan, clay/ sandy clay and fracture/ fresh basement. The 3-D model permits a pictorial view of the sub-surface in relation to materials that overlie the basement. The thickness of unconsolidated materials to bedrock varies from 2.7 m to 12.2 m which revealed inhomogeneity in weathering under the shallow sub-surface. It is found that the integrated geophysical tool is well suited to characterize and delineate sub-surface structure (weathered profile) for engineering site characterization.  相似文献   

Drought hotspot analysis and risk assessment using probabilistic drought monitoring and severity–duration–frequency analysis     

Alok Kumar Samantaray  Gurjeet Singh  Meenu Ramadas  Rabindra Kumar Panda 《水文研究》2019,33(3):432-449

Drought hotspot identification requires continuous drought monitoring and spatial risk assessment. The present study analysed drought events in the agriculture‐dominated mid‐Mahanadi River Basin in Odisha, India, using crop water stress as a drought indicator. This drought index incorporated different factors that affect crop water deficit such as the cropping pattern, soil characteristics, and surface soil moisture. The drought monitoring framework utilized a relevance vector machine model‐based classification that provided the uncertainty associated with drought categorization. Using the proposed framework, drought hotspots are identified in the study region and compared with indices based on precipitation and soil moisture. Further, a bivariate copula is employed to model the agricultural drought characteristics and develop the drought severity–duration–frequency (S–D–F) relationships. The drought hotspot maps and S–D–F curves are developed for different locations in the region. These provided useful information on the site‐specific drought patterns and the characteristics of the devastating droughts of 2002 and 2012, characterized by an average drought duration of 7 months at several locations. The site‐specific risk of short‐ and long‐term agricultural droughts are then investigated using the conditional copula. The results suggest that the conditional return periods and the S–D–F curves are valuable tools to assess the spatial variability of drought risk in the region.  相似文献   

Chronology and sediment provenance of extreme floods of Siang River (Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River valley), northeast Himalaya     

Sandeep Panda  Anil Kumar  Satyabrata Das  Rahul Devrani  Santosh Rai  Kuldeep Prakash  Pradeep Srivastava 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2495-2511

This study explores paleoflood deposits of the Siang River, known as the Tsangpo in Tibet. The river that often experiences large floods brings down huge amount of sediment and water that adversely affect the downstream regions with large human populations in the states of northeast Himalaya and its foreland. Along it's ~300 km mountainous stretch we collected samples for sedimentological, petrographic and Sr–Nd isotopic study to explore sediment provenance and dated the paleofloods (via optically stimulated luminescence, OSL). Geomorphic indices including precipitation and a geomorphic swath profile across the Brahmaputra catchment were studied to understand the interplay of mountain relief and rainfall that determine potential zones of high erosion and sediment supply. The OSL technique indicated the Siang River experienced at least eight large floods between 7 and 1 ka, possibly under the influence of warm and wet climatic conditions. The petrographic and isotopic data suggests that the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, which has the highest uplift and exhumation rate in the area, is not always the highest sediment producing zone. In some instances, the Tibetan plateau produces higher fluxes of sediments via glacial and landslide lake outburst floods (GLOFs and LLOFs). © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Groundwater depletion in northern India: Impacts of the sub-regional anthropogenic land-use,socio-politics and changing climate     

Dileep Kumar Panda  Sunil Kumar Ambast  Mohammad Shamsudduha 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14003

Understanding the key drivers behind intensive use of groundwater resources and subsequent depletion in northern India is important for future food security of India. Although spatio-temporal changes of groundwater storage (GWS) and its depletion in northern India are mapped using the NASA's GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) records, the sub-regional diverse socio-political and environmental factors contributing to the variability in groundwater withdrawals and renewals are not well documented. Here, we provide new evidence on changes in GWS at different spatial scales using both observations and satellite-based measurements applying both parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses. The substantial loss of GWS has occurred since the beginning of the 21st century, and the decline in GWS is associated with some record-breaking dry and hot climate events. We present how certain state-based policy decisions, such as supplying free electricity for irrigation, prompted farmers to extract groundwater unsustainably and thus led to widespread GWS deletion, which has been also accelerated by frequent dryness and rising temperatures. In the hotspot of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi of northern India, the extracted groundwater during 1985–2013 is equivalent to a metre-high layer if spread uniformly across its geographical domain. We find that the groundwater storage loss in northern India has increased rapidly from 17 km³ to 189 km³ between the pre-2002 and 2002–2013 periods. This loss in northern India is, therefore, an excellent example of rapid surface greening and sub-surface drying—a result of an interplay of socio-political and environmental factors. As groundwater continues to be treated as a common natural resource and no clear definition exists to guide policymaking, this study also illustrates how the administrative district level approach can solve the widespread problem of depletion.  相似文献