A review of the impacts of salmonid farming on marine coastal ecosystems in the southeast Pacific   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Buschmann  Alejandro H.; Riquelme  Veronica A.; Hernandez-Gonzalez  Maria C.; Varela  Daniel; Jimenez  Jaime E.; Henriquez  Luis A.; Vergara  Pedro A.; Guinez  Ricardo; Filun  Luis 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(7):1338-1345

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SHIA_Landslide: a distributed conceptual and physically based model to forecast the temporal and spatial occurrence of shallow landslides triggered by rainfall in tropical and mountainous basins     

Edier Aristizábal  Jaime Ignacio Vélez  Hernán Eduardo Martínez  Michel Jaboyedoff 《Landslides》2016,13(3):497-517

Landslides are a main cause of human and economic losses worldwide. For this reason, landslide hazard assessment and the capacity to predict this phenomenon have been topics of great interest within the scientific community for the implementation of early warning systems. Although several models have been proposed to forecast shallow landslides triggered by rainfall, few models have incorporated geotechnical factors into a complete hydrological model of a basin that can simulate the storage and movement of rainwater through the soil profile. These basin and full hydrological models have adopted a physically based approach. This paper develops a conceptual and physically based model called open and distributed hydrological simulation and landslides—SHIA_Landslide (Simulación HIdrológica Abierta, or SHIA, in Spanish)—that is supported by geotechnical and hydrological features occurring on a basin-wide scale in tropical and mountainous terrains. SHIA_Landslide is an original and significant contribution that offers a new perspective with which to analyse shallow landslide processes by incorporating a comprehensive distributed hydrological tank model that includes water storage in the soil coupled with a classical analysis of infinite slope stability under saturated conditions. SHIA_Landslide can be distinguished by the following: (i) its capacity to capture surface topography and effects concerning the subsurface flow; (ii) its use of digital terrain model (DTM) to establish the relationships among cells, geomorphological parameters, slope angle, direction, etc.; (iii) its continuous simulation of rainfall data over long periods and event simulations of specific storms; (iv) its consideration of the effects of horizontal and vertical flow; and (vi) its inclusion of a hydrologically complete water process that allows for hydrological calibration. SHIA_Landslide can be combined with real-time rainfall data and implemented in early warning systems.  相似文献   

Identification of groundwater exfiltration,interflow discharge,and hyporheic exchange flows by fibre optic distributed temperature sensing supported by electromagnetic induction geophysics     

Jaime Gaona  Karin Meinikmann  Jrg Lewandowski 《水文研究》2019,33(10):1390-1402

Water exchange across the sediment–water interface of streams impresses a characteristic thermal pattern at the interface. The use of fibre optic distributed temperature sensing at the sediment–water interface in a small sand‐bed stream identifies such temperature patterns. Groundwater and interflow can be differentiated based on the temporal evolution of temperature patterns. Additionally, sudden temperature changes at the sediment–water interface observed during the transit of floods enable spatial identification of local up and downwelling. Electromagnetic induction geophysics can detect subsurface texture structures that support groundwater–surface water exchange. Our results show that areas of permanent temperature anomalies observed with fibre optic distributed temperature sensing match areas of comparatively homogeneous electrical conductivity. This indicates groundwater discharge and enables differentiating groundwater discharge from interflow and local downwelling.  相似文献   

Oil exploration in the Southern Gulf of Mexico and the Chicxulub impact     

Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi  Ligia Pérez-Cruz  Antonio Camargo-Zanoguera 《Geology Today》2013,29(5):182-189

Discovery of the Chicxulub multi-ring impact crater came as a result of oil exploration surveys in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Subsequent studies on the Chicxulub impact and the Cretaceous/Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary have revealed links between the impact and hydrocarbons, with implications for the K/Pg global environmental and climatic effects, as well as for oil exploration in the Gulf.  相似文献   

Peering inside the peak ring of the Chicxulub Impact Crater—its nature and formation mechanism     

Jaime Urrutia‐Fucugauchi  Ligia Prez‐Cruz  Joanna Morgan  Sean Gulick  Axel Wittmann  Johanna Lofi 《Geology Today》2019,35(2):68-72

The IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 drilled into the Chicxulub crater, peering inside its well‐preserved peak ring. The borehole penetrated a sequence of post‐impact carbonates and a unit of suevites and clast‐poor impact melt rock at the top of the peak ring. Beneath this sequence, basement rocks cut by pre‐impact and impact dykes, with breccias and melt, were encountered at shallow depths. The basement rocks are fractured, shocked and uplifted, consistent with dynamic collapse, uplift and long‐distance transport of weakened material during collapse of the transient cavity and final crater formation.  相似文献   

Insights from experimental economics on local cooperation in a small-scale fishery management system     

Shankar Aswani  Georgina G. Gurney  Sara Mulville  Jaime Matera  Michael Gurven 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1402-1409

Cooperation is central to collective management of small-scale fisheries management, including marine protected areas. Thus an understanding of the factors influencing stakeholders’ propensity to cooperate to achieve shared benefits is essential to accomplishing successful collective fisheries management. In this paper we study stakeholders’ cooperative behavioral disposition and elucidate the role of various socio-economic factors in influencing it in the Roviana Lagoon, Western Solomon Islands. We employed a Public Goods Game from experimental economics tailored to mimic the problem of common pool fisheries management to elucidate peoples’ cooperative behavior. Using Ostrom's framework for analyzing social-ecological systems to guide our analysis, we examined how individual-scale variables (e.g., age, education, family size, ethnicity, occupational status, personal norms), in the context of village-scale variables (e.g., village, governance institutions, group coercive action), influence cooperative behavior, as indexed by game contribution. Ostrom's framework provides an effective window for conceptually peeling back the various socio-economic and governance layers which influence cooperation within these communities. The results of our research show that the most important resource user characteristics influencing cooperative behavior were age, occupation and beliefs about giving access to others to fish for commercial gain. Through elucidating the factors affecting stakeholders’ propensity to cooperate to achieve shared benefits, our analysis provides guidance in understanding cooperation in relation to collective management of marine resources.  相似文献   

Corrigendum to “High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the late Neogene of the central sector of the Colombian Pacific continental shelf: A seismic expression of an active continental margin” [J. S. Am. Earth. Sci. Volume 31 (2011) p. 28–44]     

Jaime Orlando Martínez  Eduardo López Ramos 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2011,31(2-3):342-343

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Damage and management of cyclone Sidr-affected homestead tree plantations: a case study from Patuakhali, Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Md. Zamiul Haq  Mahbub Robbani  Mohammad Ali  Md. Mainul Hasan  Md. Mahmudul Hasan  Md. Jashim Uddin  Monjila Begum  Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva  Xiao-Ying Pan  Md. Rezaul Karim 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(2):1305-1322

Geographically, Bangladesh is considered to be one of the most cyclone-prone areas in the world. The super cyclone Sidr in 2007 was one of the most devastating disasters to have ever occurred in Bangladesh, having wind speeds of 223?km/h with a tidal surge of 6.1?C7.6?m high. In order to draw a pre- and post-Sidr damage and management scenario, a survey was conducted at Dumki upazila, Patuakhali district in Bangladesh with a pretested questionnaire. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire, while secondary data were collected from pertinent offices as well as academic journals. The major focus of this study was to assess the state of pre-Sidr tree plantations (woody and fruit trees), the devastation caused by Sidr on these tree plantations, and post-Sidr recovery and further sustainable management initiatives to counteract a possible future neo-Sidr. The post-Sidr study showed that about 16.84 million woody and fruit trees were uprooted by Sidr. A total of 3,120 rain tree (Samanea saman L.), 7,548 mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni L.), 1,444 royal siris (Albizzia richardiana L.), 702 white siris (Albizzia procera L.), 1,214 mango (Mangifera indica L.), 1,092 coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), 1,380 jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.), and 7,640 betel nut (Areca catechu L.) trees were sampled among which 922, 1,662, 382, 210, 106, 38, 362, and 1,652 trees, respectively, were markedly damaged by Sidr. Sexually propagated woody trees with a damaged taproot were vulnerable to heavy wind during the cyclone. Fruit trees were more resistant to the cyclone than other types of trees, and the lack of proper tree training and pruning was one of the principal causes of the severe damage to woody trees. Hence, plantations of woody tree saplings with damaged taproots are strongly discouraged. However, proper training and pruning of homestead trees together with plantation of fruit trees rather than woody trees is suggested as a possible effective management strategy to protect the homestead ecosystem from devastation by future cyclones in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Factorial kriging of a geochemical dataset for heavy-metal spatial-variability characterization     

Ahcène Benamghar  J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3161-3170

Characterizing the spatial patterns of variability is a fundamental aspect when investigating what could be the causes behind the spatial spreading of a set of variables. In this paper, a large multivariate dataset from the southeast of Belgium has been analyzed using factorial kriging. The purpose of the study is to explore and retrieve possible scales of spatial variability of heavy metals. This is achieved by decomposing the variance-covariance matrix of the multivariate sample into coregionalization matrices, which are, in turn, decomposed into transformation matrices, which serve to decompose each regionalized variable as a sum of independent factors. Then, factorial cokriging is used to produce maps of the factors explaining most of the variance, which can be compared with maps of the underlying lithology. For the dataset analyzes, this comparison identifies a few point scale concentrations that may reflect anthropogenic contamination, and it also identifies local and regional scale anomalies clearly correlated to the underlying geology and to known mineralizations. The results from this analysis could serve to guide the authorities in identifying those areas which need remediation.  相似文献   

Review of the El Soplao Amber Outcrop,Early Cretaceous of Cantabria,Spain     

María NAJARRO  Enrique PE?ALVER  Ricardo PéREZ-DE LA FUENTE  Jaime ORTEGA-BLANCO  Cesar MENOR-SALVáN  Eduardo BARRóN  Carmen SORIANO  Idoia ROSALES  Rafael LóPEZ DEL VALLE  Francisco VELASCO  Fernando TORNOS  Véronique DAVIERO-GOMEZ  Bernard GOMEZ  Xavier DELCLòS 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(4):959-976

<正>El Soplao outcrop,an Early Cretaceous amber deposit recently discovered in northern Spain (Cantabria),has been shown to be the largest site of amber with arthropod inclusions that has been found in Spain so far.Relevant data provided herein for biogeochemistry of the amber,palynology,taphonomy and arthropod bioinclusions complement those previously published.This set of data suggests at least two botanical sources for the amber of El Soplao deposit.The first(type A amber)strongly supports a source related to Cheirolepidiaceae,and the second(type B amber)shows non-specific conifer biomarkers.Comparison of molecular composition of type A amber with Frenelopsis leaves(Cheirolepidiaceae)strongly suggests a biochemical affinity and a common botanical origin.A preliminary palynological study indicates a regional high taxonomical diversity,mainly of pteridophyte spores and gymnosperm pollen grains.According to the preliminary palynological data,the region was inhabited by conifer forests adapted to a dry season under a subtropical climate.The abundant charcoalified wood associated with the amber in the same beds is evidence of paleofires that most likely promoted both the resin production and an intensive erosion of the litter,and subsequent great accumulation of amber plus plant cuticles.In addition,for the first time in the fossil record, charcoalified plant fibers as bioinclusions in amber are reported.Other relevant taphonomic data are the exceptional presence of serpulids and bryozoans on the surfaces of some amber pieces indicating both a long exposure on marine or brackish-water and a mixed assemblage of amber.Lastly,new findings of insect bioinclusions,some of them uncommon in the fossil record or showing remarkable adaptations,are reported.In conclusion,a documented scenario for the origin of the El Soplao amber outcrop is provided.  相似文献