地质灾害危险性评价研究——以四川省青川县为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李阔  杨景  唐川 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(2):54-57,121

我国是一个地质灾害多发的国家。20世纪90年中期,每年造成1000多人死亡,经济损失高达200多亿元。地质灾害危险性评价是地质灾害调查的重要内容,也是风险管理及减灾管理的基础,它为管理部门制定出相应的减灾对策并为部署实施有效的减灾工程提供了科学依据。文章首先介绍了国内外地质灾害危险性评价方法的研究现状,通过对比,指出现阶段我国地质灾害危险性评价中的不足;结合实际工作经验,运用危险性评价指标对比法建立了简单有效的地质灾害危险性评价体系。以四川省青川县地质灾害调查为例,对该县地质灾害进行了危险性评价,为地质灾害易发区划分及防治分区提供了依据。  相似文献   

The Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Data and its Impact on Rainfall Prediction along the West Coast of India during Monsoon 2002     

Ching-Yuang Huang  Ying-Hwa Kuo  Shu-Ya Chen  Anisetty S. K. A. V. Prasad Rao  Chien-Ju Wang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(8-9):1577-1591

In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-2.0.3.1) model with three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) was utilized to study a heavy rainfall event along the west coast of India with and without the assimilation of GPS occultation refractivity soundings in the monsoon period of 2002. The WRF model is a next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction system designed to serve both operational forecasting and atmospheric research communities. The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) refractivity data, processed by UCAR, were obtained from the CHAMP and SAC-C missions. This study investigates the impact of thirteen GPS occultation refractivity soundings only, as assimilated into the WRF model with 3DVAR, on the rainfall prediction over the western coastal mountain of India. The model simulation, with the finest resolution of 10 km, was in good agreement with rainfall observations, up to 72-h forecast. There are some subtle but important differences in predicted rainfalls between the control run CN (without the assimilation of refractivity soundings) and G13 (with the assimilation of thirteen GPS RO soundings). In general, the assimilation run G13 gives a better prediction in terms of both rainfall locations and amounts at later times. The moisture increments were analyzed at the initial and forecast times to assess the impact of GPS RO data assimilation. The results indicate that remote soundings in the forcing region could have significant impacts on distant downstream regions. It is anticipated, based on this study, that considerably occultation soundings available from the six-satellite constellation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC would have even more significant impacts on weather prediction in this region.  相似文献   

昆明市东川城区后山泥石流危险性评价   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

李阔  唐川 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(6):23-28

云南省是中国遭受泥石流灾害最严重的省区之一,而对危险范围和危险程度进行划分和评估是泥石流减灾的重要内容。以昆明市东川城区后山泥石流为例,应用泥石流沟危险度综合评价法对泥石流危险度进行了评价;接着应用流域背景预测模型对泥石流危险范围进行预测,在这些数据和已构建的东川城区数字高程模型数据的基础上,应用GIS生成了以上泥石流危险范围预测图,研究成果为东川城区减灾防灾提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

A general solution for groundwater flow in an estuarine's leaky aquifer system after considering aquifer anisotropy          下载免费PDF全文

Po‐Chia Chen  Mo‐Hsiung Chuang  Yih‐Chi Tan  Kuo‐Chen Ma 《水文研究》2016,30(12):1862-1871

This paper presents an analytical model for describing the tidal effects in a two‐dimensional leaky confined aquifer system in an estuarine delta where ocean and river meet. This system has an unconfined aquifer on top and a confined aquifer on the bottom with an aquitard in between the two. The unconfined and confined aquifers interact with each other through leakage. It was assumed that the aquitard storage was negligible and that the leakage was linearly proportional to the head difference between the unconfined and confined aquifers. This model's solution was based on the separation of variables method. Two existing solutions that deal with the head fluctuation in one‐dimensional or two‐dimensional leaky confined aquifers are shown as special cases in the present solution. Based on this new solution, the dynamic effect of the water table's fluctuations can be clearly explored, as well as the influence of leakage on the behaviour of fluctuations in groundwater levels in the leaky aquifer system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the Khanka massif in the Russian Far East: in situ Re–Os evidence          下载免费PDF全文

Kuo‐Lung Wang  Vladimir Prikhodko  Suzanne Y. O'Reilly  William L. Griffin  Norman J. Pearson  Victor Kovach  Yoshiyuki Iizuka  Yu‐Hsian Chien 《地学学报》2015,27(4):277-284

The Os‐isotope compositions of sulphides in mantle xenoliths hosted by Late Miocene alkali basalts from the Sviyaginsky volcano, Russian Far East, reveal the presence of Archaean–Proterozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Khanka massif. Their T_MA and T_RD model ages reveal similar peaks at 1.1 and 0.8 Ga suggesting later thermotectonic events in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, whereas T_RD model ages range back to 2.8 ± 0.5 (2σ) Ga. The events recognized in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle are consistent with those recorded in the crust of the Khanka massif. The sulphide Os‐isotope data show that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Khanka massif had formed at least by the Mesoproterozoic, and was subsequently metasomatized by juvenile crustal‐growth events related to the evolution of the Altaids. The Khanka massif is further proposed to have tectonic affinity to the Siberia Craton and should originate from it accordingly.  相似文献   

低温无固相钻井液配方优选及经济性评价          下载免费PDF全文

周忠鸣  张扩  朱宝 《探矿工程》2015,42(4):21-25

为解决高原冻土和天然气水合物勘探过程中钻进和取心问题,选择了NaCl作为抗冻剂,抗盐共聚物GTQ和水解聚丙烯酰胺PHP作为主要聚合物试剂,采用正交试验法,在常温下优选出了9组配方,经过低温测试,确定了在 -15 ℃可用的钻井液配方Z1（20%NaCl+0.1%PHP+1.2%GTQ+1%KHm）和Z2（25%NaCl+0.15%PHP+1.0%GTQ+1%KHm）,其主要性能指标分别为：AV值46.5、47.5 mPa·s,PV值34、35 mPa·s,YP值12.8、12.8 Pa,FLAPI值6.8、7.6 mL/30 min。经成本核算,2种配方具有比较好的经济性,可以满足高原冻土层钻进要求。  相似文献   

Analysis and simulation of mesoscale convective systems accompanying heavy rainfall: The goyang case   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hyun-Young Choi  Ji-Hyun Ha  Dong-Kyou Lee  Ying-Hwa Kuo 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(3):265-279

We investigated a torrential rainfall case with a daily rainfall amount of 379 mm and a maximum hourly rain rate of 77.5 mm that took place on 12 July 2006 at Goyang in the middlewestern part of the Korean Peninsula. The heavy rainfall was responsible for flash flooding and was highly localized. High-resolution Doppler radar data from 5 radar sites located over central Korea were analyzed. Numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were also performed to complement the high-resolution observations and to further investigate the thermodynamic structure and development of the convective system. The grid nudging method using the Global Final (FNL) Analyses data was applied to the coarse model domain (30 km) in order to provide a more realistic and desirable initial and boundary conditions for the nested model domains (10 km, 3.3 km). The mesoscale convective system (MCS) which caused flash flooding was initiated by the strong low level jet (LLJ) at the frontal region of high equivalent potential temperature (θ_e) near the west coast over the Yellow Sea. The ascending of the warm and moist air was induced dynamically by the LLJ. The convective cells were triggered by small thermal perturbations and abruptly developed by the warm θ_e inflow. Within the MCS, several convective cells responsible for the rainfall peak at Goyang simultaneously developed with neighboring cells and interacted with each other. Moist absolutely unstable layers (MAULs) were seen at the lower troposphere with the very moist environment adding the instability for the development of the MCS.  相似文献   

Comparison of SPT-N-based analysis methods in evaluation of liquefaction potential during the 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan     

Muhsiung Chang  Chih-ping Kuo  Shih-hui Shau  Ron-eeh Hsu 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

SPT-N-based methods have been adopted for liquefaction assessment of soils during earthquakes for decades. However, there has not been a consistent way of assessing the accuracy and applicability of these methods. The Chi-chi earthquake of 1999, which has been the most serious ground shaking in Taiwan within the century, caused extensive liquefactions in mid-west alluvial deposits of the island. This paper assesses the prediction accuracy of several SPT-N-based methods using liquefaction and non-liquefaction incidents observed during the earthquake. A sensitivity study on commonly adopted parameters shows that the SPT blow count and peak ground acceleration are most sensitive in computing liquefaction potential. By comparing the error in predicting liquefaction and non-liquefaction incidents, this study concludes that Tokimatsu and Yoshimi’s method is more accurate than the other methods. However, the differences between prediction errors of various methods are minimal, indicating all of the methods examined are applicable for the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan.  相似文献   

Reflection of typhoon morakot �� the challenge of compound disaster simulation     

Yu-Shiu Chen  Yu-Shu Kuo  Wen-Chi Lai  Yuan-Jung Tsai  Shin-Ping Lee  Kun-Ting Chen  Chjeng-Lun Shieh 《山地科学学报》2011,8(4):571-581

Climate change has altered locally single-type disasters to large-scale compound disasters because of increasing intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events. The compound disasters can combine small-scale floods, debris flows, shallow landslides, deep-seated landslides, and landslide lakes into a large-scale single disaster event. Although simulation models and evaluation tools are available for single-type disasters, no single model is well developed for compound disasters due to the difficulty of handling the interrelationship between two successive single-type disasters. This study proposes a structure for linking available single-type simulation models to evaluate compound disasters and provides a useful tool of decision making for warning and planning of disaster reduction.  相似文献   

First results from the arcminute cosmology bolometer array receiver     

M. C. Runyan  P. A. R. Ade  J. J. Bock  J. R. Bond  C. Cantalupo  C. R. Contaldi  M. D. Daub  J. H. Goldstein  P. L. Gomez  W. L. Holzapfel  C. L. Kuo  A. E. Lange  M. Lueker  M. Newcomb  J. B. Peterson  D. Pogosyan  A. K. Romer  J. Ruhl  E. Torbet  D. Woolsey 《New Astronomy Reviews》2003,47(11-12):915

We review the first science results from the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR); a multi-frequency millimeter-wave receiver optimized for observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect in clusters of galaxies. ACBAR was installed on the 2 m Viper telescope at the South Pole in January 2001 and the results presented here incorporate data through July 2002. We present the power spectrum of the CMB at 150 GHz over the range ℓ=150–3000 measured by ACBAR as well as estimates for the values of the cosmological parameters within the context of ΛCDM models. We find that the inclusion of Ω_Λ greatly improves the fit to the power spectrum. We also observe a slight excess of small-scale anisotropy at 150 GHz; if interpreted as power from the SZ effect of unresolved clusters, the measured signal is consistent with CBI and BIMA within the context of the SZ power spectrum models tested.  相似文献