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11.
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation and elimination were investigated in the tissues (gill, intestine, kidney, lever and muscle) of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, after sub-chronic dietary Cd exposure (0, 0.5, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg). No mortality occurred during the sub-chronic exposure to dietary Cd. Specific growth rates of the rockfish estimated by weight and length were significantly different from those of the control, and a significant inverse relationship was observed between weight gain and the exposure concentration of dietary Cd at 25, 125 mg/kg. Cd accumulation in the tissues increased with exposure periods and concentrations for the 60 days of dietary Cd exposure. Cd accumulation in the intestine of rockfish was higher than other tissues, and the order of Cd accumulation in tissues were intestine>kidney approximately liver>gill>muscle. Accumulation factors showed an increase with the exposure period and an inverse relationship between the accumulation factor and the exposure concentrations in the gill, intestine, liver and muscle, but not in kidney. Cd elimination in tissues of rockfish decreased during the 30 days of depuration except kidney and muscle. Intestine showed the fastest elimination rates of Cd at all concentrations compared with other tissues. 相似文献
12.
Climate change will affect the energy system in a number of ways, one of which is through changes in demands for heating and cooling in buildings. Understanding the potential effect of climate change on heating and cooling demands requires taking into account not only the manner in which the building sector might evolve over time, but also important uncertainty about the nature of climate change itself. In this study, we explore the uncertainty in climate change impacts on heating and cooling requirement by constructing estimates of heating and cooling degree days (HDD/CDDs) for both reference (no-policy) and 550 ppmv CO2 concentration pathways built from three different Global Climate Models (GCMs) output and three scenarios of gridded population distribution. The implications that changing climate and population distribution might have for building energy consumption in the U.S. and China are then explored by using the results of HDD/CDDs as inputs to a detailed, building energy model, nested in the long-term global integrated assessment framework, Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). The results across the modeled changes in climate and population distributions indicate that unabated climate change would cause building sector’s final energy consumption to decrease modestly (6 % decrease or less depending on climate models) in both the U.S. and China by the end of the century as decreased heating consumption more than offsets increased cooling using primarily electricity. However, global climate change virtually has negligible effect on total CO2 emissions in the buildings sector in both countries. The results also indicate more substantial implications for the fuel mix with increases in electricity and decreases in other fuels, which may be consistent with climate mitigation goals. The variation in results across all scenarios due to variation of population distribution is smaller than variation due to the use of different climate models. 相似文献
13.
Impacts of rising air temperatures and emissions mitigation on electricity demand and supply in the United States: a multi-model comparison 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
14.
This study is based on a series of numerical modeling experiments to understand the tidal circulation in the Kangjin Bay (KB).
The tidal circulation in the KB is mostly controlled by the inflow from two channels, Noryang and Daebang which introduce
the open ocean water into the northern part of the KB with relatively strong tidal current, while in the southern part of
the KB, shallowest region of the entire study area, weak tidal current prevails. The model prediction of the sea level agrees
with observed records at skill scores exceeding 90 % in terms of the four major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1). However,
the skill scores for the tidal current show relatively lower values of 87, 99, 59, 23 for the semi-major axes of the constituents,
respectively. The tidal ellipse parameters in the KB are such that the semi-major axes of the ellipse for M2 range from 1.7
to 38.5 cm/s and those for S2 range from 0.5 to 14.4 cm/s. The orientations of the major-axes show parallel with the local
isobath. The eccentricity values at various grid points of ellipses for M2 and S2 are very low with 0.2 and 0.06 on the average,
respectively illustrating that the tidal current in the KB is strongly recti-linear. The magnitude of the tidal residual current
speed in the KB is on the order of a few cm/s and its distribution pattern is very complex. One of the most prominent features
is found to be the counter-clockwise eddy recirculation cell at the mouth of the Daebang Channel. 相似文献
15.
Kim Jin Ho Hong Sokjin Lee Won-Chan Kim Hyung Chul Eom Ki-Hyuk Jung Woo-Sung Kim Dong-Myung 《Ocean Science Journal》2019,54(4):559-571
Ocean Science Journal - Flushing time is a concept to show the characteristics of water exchange in the sea, and a longer flushing time generally translates as delayed water exchange and thus a... 相似文献
16.
Scoping the effective marine environmental assessment of dredging and ocean disposal of coastal sediments in Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The application of scoping is reviewed to improve the efficiency and rationality of the marine environmental impact assessment system applied to the dredging of coastal sediments and the oceanic disposal of dredged material in Korea. Both the impact levels and those items requiring assessment vary in response to differing goals of the coastal activities involved and also to changes in the characteristics of different marine environments. As a consequence, different assessment fields need to be emphasized for evaluation of the impact that both dredging and dumping might have on the sites involved. The status of current assessment procedures is examined and its problems are diagnosed. Following a survey of interested parties and a review of case studies of the oceanic disposal of dredged sediment in other countries, checklists of core assessment items are proposed as part of a revamped review process, along with improvements to the assessment system. 相似文献
17.
Norikatsu Akizawa Akira Miyake Yohei Igami Akira Tsuchiyama Hisashi Asanuma Tetsu Kogiso Shigeyuki Wakaki Tsuyoshi Ishikawa Shoji Arai Jiwon Eom Hodaka Kawahata Takahiro Aze Yusuke Yokoyama 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12423
Hydrothermal circulation beneath the spreading axis plays a significant role in the exchange of energy and mass between the solid Earth and the oceans. Deep-seated hydrothermal circulation down to the crust/mantle boundary in the fast-spreading axis has been introduced by a number of studies regarding geological investigations and numerical models. In order to assess a reaction between hydrothermal fluid and host rock around the crust/mantle boundary, we conducted bulk trace element and Sr isotope analyses with a series of in situ investigations for crustal anorthosite, a reaction product between hydrothermal fluid and gabbro in the lowermost crustal section along Wadi Fizh, northern Oman ophiolite. In addition, we conducted titanite U–Pb isotope analyses to evaluate timing of the crustal anorthosite formation in the framework of the evolutional process of the Oman ophiolite. We estimated the formation age of the crustal anorthosite at 97.5 Ma ± 5.0 Ma, overlapping with the timing of the crust formation in the paleo spreading axis. The crustal anorthosite shows high-Th/U ratio (~2.5) and high-initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7050) due to seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid ingress into the precursor gabbro. With using analytical technique of micro-excavation at cryo-temperature, we detected Cl from a few micrometer-sized inclusion of aqueous fluid and chromite grains. The solubility of Cr was enhanced by complexation reactions with Cl in the hydrothermal fluid. Regarding reconstructed three-dimensional mass distribution of the inclusion and chromite composition, maximum Cr content of parental fluid was estimated at ~69 000 μg/g. The exceptionally high-Cr content was achieved locally by leaking of fluid and synchronous chromite crystallization during fluid entrapment. Presence of the deep-seated hydrothermal circulation could be assigned to the segment end, where cold seawater penetrates into the lowermost crust and extract heat along widely spaced network-like fluid channel. 相似文献
18.
Shin Euntaek Kim Hyung-Jun Rhee Dong Sop Eom Taesoo Song Chang Geun 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(2):1539-1555
Natural Hazards - Underground space is becoming increasingly vulnerable to inundation owing to the enhanced likelihood and consequences of urban flooding. However, previous studies on flooding of... 相似文献