Variation in biological and physicochemical parameters of the soil affected by uncontrolled landfill sites     

Barbara Breza-Boruta  Joanna Lemanowicz  Agata Bartkowiak 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(3):201

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FAOSTAT estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass and peat fires     

Simone Rossi  Francesco N. Tubiello  Paolo Prosperi  Mirella Salvatore  Heather Jacobs  Riccardo Biancalani  Joanna I. House  Luigi Boschetti 《Climatic change》2016,135(3-4):699-711

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Erratum to: FAOSTAT estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass and peat fires     

Simone Rossi  Francesco N. Tubiello  Paolo Prosperi  Mirella Salvatore  Heather Jacobs  Riccardo Biancalani  Joanna I. House  Luigi Boschetti 《Climatic change》2016,135(3-4):713-713

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Dynamical evolution of triple systems     

Joanna P. Anosova 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,124(2):217-241

This article reviews numerical experiments on the three-body problem carried out at the Leningrad University Astronomical Observatory during the past 20 years. Systematic studies of triple systems with negative total energy have yielded the following main results. Most (95%) of the systems decay; the decay always occurs after a close triple approach of the components. In a system with unequal masses, the escaping body usually has the smallest mass. A small fraction (5%) of quasi-stable systems is formed if the angular momentum is non-zero. The qualitative evolution in three-dimensional cases is the same as for planar systems. Small changes in initial conditions sometimes lead to substantial differences in the final outcome. The decay of triple systems is a stochastic process similar to radioactive decay. The estimated mean lifetime is 100 crossing times for equal-mass components and decreases for increasing mass dispersion.A classification of the close triple approaches which lead to immediate escape is given for equal-mass systems as well as for selected sets of unequal components. Detailed studies of close triple approaches by computer simulations reveal that the early evolutions is determined by the initial ratio of the interaction forces. The review concludes by discussing applications of the results to observational problems of stellar and extragalactic systems.  相似文献   

Periodic nulls in the pulsar B1133+16     

Jeffrey L. Herfindal  Joanna M. Rankin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(2):430-436

Numerous studies of the brightest Cambridge pulsar, B1133+16, have revealed little order in its individual pulses, apart from a weak 30-odd-rotation-period fluctuation feature and that some 15 per cent of the star's pulsars are 'nulls'. New Arecibo observations confirm this fluctuation feature and that it modulates all the emission, not simply the 'saddle' region. By replacing each pulse with a scaled version of the average profile, we were able to quench all subpulse modulation and thereby demonstrate that the star's 'null' pulses exhibit a similar periodicity. A subbeam carousel model with a sparse and irregular 'beamlet' population appears to be compatible with these characteristics.  相似文献   

Ecogeomorphic state variables and phase‐space construction for quantifying the evolution of vegetated aeolian landscapes     

Andreas C. W. Baas  Joanna M. Nield 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(6):717-731

Cellular automaton modelling for the simulation of dune field formation and evolution has developed progressively in aeolian geomorphology in the last decade or so. A model that incorporates the effects of vegetation and its interactions with geomorphic landscape development – the Discrete Ecogeomorphic Aeolian Landscapes (DECAL) model – can replicate a number of important visual and qualitative aspects of the complex evolution of aeolian dune landscapes under the influence of vegetation dynamics in coastal environments. A key challenge in this research area is the analysis and comparison of both simulated and real‐world vegetated dune landscapes using objective and quantifiable principles. This study presents a methodological framework or protocol for numerically quantifying various ecogeomorphic attributes, using a suite of mathematically defined landscape metrics, to provide a rigorous and statistical evaluation of vegetated dune field evolution. Within this framework the model parameter space can be systematically explored and simulation outcomes can be methodically compared against real‐world landscapes. Based on a simplified scenario of parabolic dunes developing out of blow‐outs the resulting dune field realizations are investigated as a function of variable growth vigour of two simulated vegetation types (pioneer grass and successional woody shrub) by establishing a typological phase‐diagram of different landscape classes. The set of simulation outcomes furthermore defines a higher‐dimensional phase‐space, whose axes or dimensions can be interpreted by analysing how individual ecogeomorphic landscape metrics, or state variables, contribute to the data distribution. Principal component analysis can reduce this to a visual three‐dimensional (3D) phase‐space where landscape evolution can be plotted as time‐trajectories and where we can investigate the effects of changing environmental conditions partway through a simulation scenario. The use of landscape state variables and the construction of a 3D phase‐space presented here may provide a general template for quantifying many other eco‐geomorphic systems on the Earth's surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Atmospheric dust contribution to deep-sea particle fluxes in the subtropical Northeast Atlantic     

Juliane Brust  Joanna J. Waniek 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(8):988-998

The lithogenic flux of sediment trap material was analyzed from a three year time series (February 2002–March 2005) at 2000 m depth in the Northeast Atlantic (Kiel 276, 33°N, 22°W) with regards to the seasonal and interannual variability of flux intensity and mineralogy—by applying an automated particle SEM-EDX analysis (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis). The lithogenic flux shows strong interannual variations with highest lithogenic flux rates occurring during January–February and April–March coupled to the total particle flux. Mean lithogenic flux rates for the sample years are 7.1 (2002–2003), 5.1 (2003–2004) and 16.1 mg m^?2 d^?1 (2004–2005). Mineral assemblages from the three sample years reveal distinct major minerals related to specific source regions. Clay minerals dominate the lithogenic fraction within the years 2002 and 2004 with illite (2002–2003) and palygorskite (2003–2004) being the major clay minerals. During the year 2004–2005, quartz is the major lithogenic mineral accompanied by smectite. The mineral assemblages hint to a mixture of North African source areas with dominant sources in Mauritania and north western parts of NW Africa for the years 2002–2004 and central Sahara (Algeria–Mali) within the year 2004–2005.  相似文献   

Charting the territory: Exploring stakeholder reactions to the prospect of seafloor exploration and mining in Australia     

Claire Mason  Gillian Paxton  Joanna Parr  Naomi Boughen 《Marine Policy》2010

Geological surveys of Australia’s marine territory have revealed significant potential for development of a marine resource industry. As onshore mineral deposits become harder to find, less accessible to their market and more challenging to extract, seafloor exploration and mining becomes an economically viable option. However, evidence from industry and environmental literature suggests that social acceptance will be important in determining the future of this industry in Australia. This paper reports on findings from research investigating the social viability of seafloor mining in Australia. A combination of interviews and focus groups were used to explore industry and community reactions to the possible development of seafloor mining in Australia. Although stakeholders’ reactions were variable, the majority of the participants were reluctant to see development of seafloor mining in Australia, primarily because of concerns about the industry’s potential environmental impact. All stakeholders sought further information about the benefits and costs associated with the industry suggesting that they did not yet have a fixed attitude towards the industry. Stakeholders favoured a precautionary approach towards the industry, supported by rigorous scientific analysis of the potential environmental impacts, transparent and socially responsive management processes and meaningful engagement with stakeholders.  相似文献   

Vertical circulation in shallow tidal inlets and back-barrier basins     

Emil V. Stanev  Burghard W. Flemming  Alex Bartholomä  Joanna V. Staneva  Jörg-Olaf Wolff 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

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Compliance and emission trading rules for asymmetric emission uncertainty estimates   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Zbigniew Nahorski  Joanna Horabik 《Climatic change》2010,103(1-2):303-325

Greenhouse gases emission inventories are computed with rather low precision. Moreover, their uncertainty distributions may be asymmetric. This should be accounted for in the compliance and trading rules. In this paper we model the uncertainty of inventories as intervals or using fuzzy numbers. The latter allows us to better shape the uncertainty distributions. The compliance and emission trading rules obtained generalize the results for the symmetric uncertainty distributions that were considered in the earlier papers by the present authors (Nahorski et al., Water Air & Soil Pollution. Focus 7(4–5):539–558, 2007; Nahorski and Horabik, 2007, J Energy Eng 134(2):47–52, 2008). However, unlike in the symmetric distribution, in the asymmetric fuzzy case it is necessary to apply approximations because of nonlinearities in the formulas. The final conclusion is that the interval uncertainty rules can be applied, but with a much higher substitutional noncompliance risk, which is a parameter of the rules.  相似文献