A Tortonian onset for the Algerian margin inversion: Evidence from low‐temperature thermochronology     

Alice Recanati  Yves Missenard  Rmi Leprêtre  Ccile Gautheron  Jocelyn Barbarand  Fatiha Abbassene  Nachida Abdallah  Aziouz Ouabadi  Mohamed El Messaoud Derder  Claire Boukari  Rosella Pinna‐Jamme  Frdric Haurine 《地学学报》2019,31(1):39-48

In North Africa, the Algerian margin is made of basement blocks that drifted away from the European margin, namely the Kabylia, and docked to the African continental crust in the Early Miocene. This young margin is now inverted, as dated Miocene (17 Ma) granites outcrop alongshore, evidencing kilometre‐scale exhumation since their emplacement. Age of inversion is actually unknown, although Pliocene is often considered in the offshore domain. To decipher the exhumation history of the margin between 17 and 5 Ma, we performed a coupled apatite fission track (AFT) and (U–Th–Sm)/He (AHe) study in the Cap Bougaroun Miocene granite. AFT dates range between 7 ± 1 and 10 ± 1 Ma, and mean AHe dates between 8 ± 2 and 10 ± 1 Ma. These data evidence rapid and multi‐kilometre exhumation during Tortonian times. This event cannot be related to slab break‐off but instead to the onset of margin inversion that has since developed as an in‐sequence north‐verging deforming prism.  相似文献   

Stratigraphy,distribution and geochemistry of widespread felsic volcanic units in the Mesoproterozoic Gawler Range Volcanics,South Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. R. Allen  C. J. Simpson  J. McPhie  S. J. Daly 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):97-112

Three widespread felsic volcanic units, the Eucarro Rhyolite, Pondanna Dacite Member and Moonaree Dacite Member, have been distinguished in the Mesoproterozoic Gawler Range Volcanics. These three units are the largest in the Gawler Range Volcanics, each in excess of 500 km³. Each unit is ～300 m thick and includes a black, formerly glassy base, a granophyric columnar‐jointed interior, and an amygdaloidal outer margin. The units are very gently dipping and locally separated by thin (<20 m) lenses of either ignimbrite (Mt Double Ignimbrite), tuffaceous sandstone or faults. The youngest unit, the Moonaree Dacite Member, covers a central area with a diameter greater than 80 km. The southern two units have east‐west extents in the order of 180 km, but are much less extensive from south to north (5–60 km). All three units are dominated by euhedral phenocrysts and are relatively crystal rich. Both the Eucarro Rhyolite and Moonaree Dacite Member contain clasts of basement granitoid and other lithologies and are locally heterogeneous in texture and composition. Some granitoid clasts have disintegrated, liberating feldspar and quartz crystals into the surrounding host. These liberated crystals cause textural variations, but can be identified on the basis of shape (amoeboid or skeletal) and/or size (megacrysts). Textural and lithofacies characteristics are consistent with the interpretation that these units are lavas; the strongly elongate distribution and wide extent of the Eucarro Rhyolite and Pondanna Dacite Member could indicate that vents were aligned along an extensive east‐west‐trending fissure system. Stratigraphic nomenclature has been revised to better reflect the presence of the three emplacement units. The oldest unit, the Eucarro Rhyolite, is dominated by plagioclase‐phyric rhyolite that locally includes granitoid clasts and megacrysts. Along the northern margin, the rhyolite is amygdaloidal and has mingled with a quartz‐rich rhyolite (Paney Rhyolite Member). The Eucarro Rhyolite and Paney Rhyolite Member replace the formerly defined ‘Eucarro Dacite’, ‘Nonning Rhyodacite’, ‘Yannabie Rhyodacite’ and ‘Paney Rhyolite’. The two younger units, Pondanna Dacite Member and Moonaree Dacite Member, are compositionally and spatially distinct, newly defined members of the Yardea Dacite.  相似文献   

Stress behavior from fault data sets within a transtensional zone, South Central Cordillera, Luzon, Philippines: Implications for mineral occurrences     

Mario A.  Aurelio  Jocelyn B.  Galapon  Violet T.  Hizon  Dominic B.  Sadsad 《Island Arc》2009,18(1):144-154

The structural signature in the area between the Baguio mineral district and Ansagan, Tuba, Benguet in the South Central Cordillera, northern Luzon, Philippines, is dominated by northeast- to ENE-trending faults, contained within a NNW–SSE-trending transtensional strip. This 50-km-long, 25-km-wide elongated tectonic zone is bounded to the west by the Pugo Fault and to the east by the Tebbo Fault, both being branches of the Philippine Fault System. Detailed structural geological (particularly microtectonic) analysis of fracture and mineral vein systems indicates strong conformity with the regional structural direction. Computed extensional stress axis σ₃ directions are oriented N150° on average, sub-parallel to the strike of the bounding faults. The existence of known mineral deposits and prospects within the tectonic strip implies an intimate relationship between transtension and mineral occurrence.  相似文献   

Type of volcanoes hosting the massive sulfide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt     

Carlos J.P. Rosa  Jocelyn McPhie  Jorge M.R.S. Relvas 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2010

The Volcanic Sedimentary Complex (VSC) of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) in southern Portugal and Spain, comprises an Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous submarine succession with a variety of felsic volcanic lithofacies. The architecture of the felsic volcanic centres includes felsic lavas/domes, pyroclastic units, intrusions and minor mafic units that define lava–cryptodome–pumice cone volcanoes. The diversity of volcanic lithofacies recognized in different areas of the IPB mainly reflects variations in proximity to source, but also differences in the eruption style. The IPB volcanoes are intrabasinal, range in length from 2 km to > 8 km and their thickest sections vary from ∼ 400 m to > 800 m. These volcanoes are dominated by felsic lavas/domes that occur at several stratigraphic positions within the volcanic centre, however the pyroclastic units are also abundant and are spatially related to the lavas/domes. The intrusions are minor, and define cryptodomes and partly-extrusive cryptodomes. The hydrothermal systems that formed the Neves Corvo and Lousal massive sulfide ore deposits are associated with effusive units of felsic volcanic centres. At Neves Corvo, the massive sulfide orebodies are associated to rhyolitic lavas that overlie relatively thick fiamme-rich pyroclastic unit. In several other locations within the belt, pyroclastic units contain sulfide clasts that may have been derived from yet to be discovered coeval massive sulfide deposits at or below the sea floor, which enhances the exploration potential of these pyroclastic units and demonstrates the need for volcanic facies analysis in exploration.  相似文献   

A celebration of women in astronomy     

Jocelyn Bell Burnell 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2004,45(6):6.10-6.14

Jocelyn Bell Burnell ponders the achievements and status of women in astronomy, past, present and future.  相似文献   

Numerical prediction of an intense convective system associated with the July 1987 montreal flood. part I: Gravity waves and the squall line     

Stéphane Bélair  Da‐Lin Zhang  Jocelyn Mailhot 《大气与海洋》2013,51(3):447-473

Abstract

In this study, a 24‐h high‐resolution numerical prediction of a prefrontal squall line associated with the 14 July 1987 Montreal flood is employed to investigate the origin and role of mesoscale gravity waves in the development of the squall system. The 24‐h integration using an improved mesoscale version of the Canadian regional finite‐element model is first validated against available observations; then non‐observable features are diagnosed to reveal the relationship between deep convection and gravity wave events. It is shown that the model reproduces well many aspects of the squall line, such as the propagation and organization of the convective system, as well as its associated precipitation. It is found that gravity waves are first excited near Lake Erie, following the initiation of early convective activity. Then, these waves propagate eastward and northeastward at speeds of 20 and 35 m s^‐1, respectively. As the waves propagate downstream, deep convection radiates rapidly behind the wave trough axis, forming a long line of squall convection. Because the squall line moves with the gravity waves in a “phase‐locked” manner, deep convection has a significant influence on the structure and amplitude of the gravity waves. The sensitivity of the wave‐squall prediction to various parameters in convective parameterization is also examined.  相似文献   

The Hianana Volcanics: Remnants of a Late Permian tuff ring and lava flow,Coombadjha Volcanic Complex,northeastern New South Wales     

J. McPhie 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):417-433

The Hianana Volcanics consist of bedded tuff and dacitic lava that form a locally mappable unit within the extensive, Late Permian silicic volcanic sequence of northeastern New South Wales. Principal components of the bedded tuff are crystal and volcanic lithic fragments ranging from coarse ash to lapilli, accompanied by variable amounts of fine ash matrix. Well denned plane parallel thin bedding is characteristic. Sandwave bed forms, including low‐angle cross‐beds and wavy beds, are confined to an area of 2–3 km² coinciding with the thickest sections (70 m) of bedded tuff. A high‐aspect ratio flow of porphyritic dacitic lava overlies the bedded tuff in the same area. The setting, lithofacies, extent and geometry of the bedded tuffs of the Hianana Volcanics are comparable with modern tuff rings which are composed of the deposits from base surges generated by explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions at primary volcanic vents. Many of these have also discharged lava late in their activity. Proximal parts of the Hianana tuff ring were buried by the porphyritic lava after the phreatomagmatic eruptions had ceased. In more distal sections, the bedded tuff is less than 10 m thick and dominantly comprises fine grained, plane parallel, very thin beds and laminae; these features suggest an origin by fallout from ash clouds that accompanied the phreatomagmatic eruptions. The distal ash was covered and preserved from erosion by a layer of welded ignimbrite, the source of which is unknown.  相似文献   

Morphology and formation of spreading cracks on pillow lavas at Cape Grim, northwestern Tasmania, Australia     

Yoshihiko Goto  Jocelyn McPhie 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(7):1611-1619

Tertiary basaltic pillow lobes at Cape Grim, northwestern Tasmania, Australia display well-preserved spreading cracks in the glassy crust. The spreading cracks are lens-shaped or rectangular in plan view. In cross section, they consist of a graben-like depression with a broad floor bounded by steep scarps. The floor of spreading crack contains an axial crack and a number of ridges that are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axial crack. The ridges within spreading cracks are inferred to have formed by the regular, repeated production and splitting of new crust at the centre of the spreading crack. This new interpretation of ridges in spreading cracks differs from the previous interpretation in which they are regarded as elongate normal fault blocks. Our interpretation provides new insight into the propagation mechanisms of pillow lavas.  相似文献   

Submarine eruption-fed and resedimented pumice-rich facies: the Dogashima Formation (Izu Peninsula,Japan)     

Martin Jutzeler  Jocelyn McPhie  Sharon R. Allen 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2014,76(10):1-29

In the Izu Peninsula (Japan), the Pliocene pumice-rich Dogashima Formation (4.55?±?0.87 Ma) displays exceptional preservation of volcaniclastic facies that were erupted and deposited in a below wave-base marine setting. It includes high-concentration density current deposits that contain clasts that were emplaced hot, indicating an eruption-fed origin. The lower part of the Dogashima 2 unit consists of a very thick sequence (<12 m) of massive grey andesite breccia restricted to the base of a submarine channel, gradationally overlain by pumice breccia, which is widespread but much thinner and finer in the overbank setting. These two breccias share similar mineralogy and crystal composition and are considered to be co-magmatic and derived from the destruction of a submarine dome by an explosive, pumice-forming eruption. The two breccias were deposited from a single, explosive eruption-fed, sustained, sea floor-hugging, water-supported, high-concentration density current in which the clasts were sorted according to their density. At the rim of the channel, localised good hydraulic sorting of clasts and stratification in the pumice breccia are interpreted to reflect local current expansion and unsteadiness rather than to be the result of hydraulic sorting of clasts during fall from a submarine eruption column and/or umbrella plume. A bimodal coarse (>1 m) pumice- and ash-rich bed overlying the breccias may be derived from delayed settling of pyroclasts from suspension. In Dogashima 1 and 2, thick cross- and planar-bedded facies composed of sub-rounded pumice clasts are intercalated with eruption-fed facies, implying inter-eruptive mass-wasting on the flank of a submarine volcano, and reworking and resedimentation by high-energy tractional currents in a below wave-base environment.  相似文献   

Mid-Mountain Clouds at Whistler During the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics     

Ruping Mo  Paul Joe  George A. Isaac  Ismail Gultepe  Roy Rasmussen  Jason Milbrandt  Ron McTaggart-Cowan  Jocelyn Mailhot  Melinda Brugman  Trevor Smith  Bill Scott 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(1-2):157-183

A comprehensive study of mid-mountain clouds and their impacts on the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics is presented. Mid-mountain clouds were frequently present on the Whistler alpine venue, as identified in an extensive archive of webcam images over a 45-day period from February 5 to March 21, 2010. These clouds posed serious forecast challenges and had significant impacts on some Olympic and Paralympic alpine skiing competitions. Under fair weather conditions, a diurnal upslope (anabatic) flow can work in concert with a diurnal temperature inversion aloft to produce a localized phenomenon known as “Harvey’s Cloud” at Whistler. Two detailed case studies in this paper suggest that mid-mountain clouds can also develop in the area as a result of a moist valley flow interacting with a downslope flow descending from the mountaintop. A southerly inflow through the Sea-to-Sky corridor can be channeled by the local topography into a westerly upslope flow toward Whistler Mountain, resulting in orographic clouds on the alpine venue. Under favorable circumstances, these clouds are trapped to the mid-mountain zone by the leeward subsidence of an elevated southerly flow. The presence of the downslope subsidence was manifested by a distinguished dry layer observed on the top of the mid-mountain clouds in both cases. It is the subsidence-induced adiabatic warming that imposes a strong buoyant suppression to trap the mid-mountain cloud. On the other hand, the subsidence-induced dry layer has the potential to trigger evaporative instability to periodically breakup the mid-mountain cloud.  相似文献