⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of blueschist facies pelitic schists from Qingshuigou in the Northern Qilian Mountains, western China     

Yong-Jiang  Liu  Franz  Neubauer  Johann  Genser  Akira  Takasu  Xiao-Hong  Ge Robert  Handler 《Island Arc》2006,15(1):187-198

Abstract   Pelitic schists from Qingshuigou in the Northern Qilian Mountains of China contain mainly glaucophane, garnet, white mica, clinozoisite, chlorite and piemontite. Isotopic age dating of these schists provides new constraints on the formation of the high-grade blueschists at Qingshuigou. White mica ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages range from 442.1 to 447.5 Ma (total fusion age of single grain) and from 445.7 to 453.9 Ma (integrated age of white mica concentrates). These ages (442.1–453.9 Ma) represent the peak metamorphic ages or cooling ages of the blueschists during exhumation shortly after peak metamorphism. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates in the present study are similar to ages previously reported for eclogites and blueschists in the area; this suggests that both the eclogites and pelitic sediments underwent high-grade metamorphism during the same subduction event. From this chronological evidence and the presence of well-developed Silurian remnant-sea flysch and Devonian molasse, it is concluded that the Northern Qilian Ocean had closed by the end of the Ordovician, and rapid orogenic uplift followed in the Devonian.  相似文献   

Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Fire Regimes in the Tropics Based on Magicc and a GISS GCM-Derived Lightning Model     

Johann Georg Goldammer  Colin Price 《Climatic change》1998,39(2-3):273-296

Investigations of the ecological, atmospheric chemical, and climatic impacts of contemporary fires in tropical vegetation have received increasing attention during the last 10 years. Little is known, however, about the impacts of climate changes on tropical vegetation and wildland fires. This paper summarizes the main known interactions of fire, vegetation, and atmosphere. Examples of predictive models on the impacts of climate change on the boreal and temperate zones are given in order to highlight the possible impacts on the tropical forest and savanna biomes and to demonstrate parameters that need to be involved in this process. Response of tropical vegetation to fire is characterized by degradation towards xerophytic and pyrophytic plant communities dominated by grasses and fire-tolerant tree and bush invaders. The potential impacts of climate change on tropical fire regimes are investigated using a GISS GCM-based lightning and fire model and the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas-Induced Climate Change (MAGICC).  相似文献   

Tourmaline rocks associated with Stratabound Scheelite Mineralization in the Austroalpine Crystalline Complex,Austria     

Dr. Johann G. Raith 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,39(3-4):265-288

Summary This contribution demonstrates, for the first time, the close genetic relationship of concordant tourmaline rocks (tourmalinites) to stratabound tungsten mineralization and their wide regional distribution within the polymetamorphic Austroalpine Crystalline Complex of the Eastern Alps. The occurrences investigated are located in parts of the Austroalpine Crystalline Complex consisting of metavolcanoclastic and metacalcareous sequences of probable Lower Paleozoic age. Tourmalinites composed of tourmaline, quartz, plagioclase, ± almandine-rich garnet, ± muscovite, ± biotite, and minor ilmenite, rutile, graphite,- ± pyrite and, rarely, scheelite are of pre- to synmetamorphic origin. Tourmalines from the tourmalinites have been identified as intermediate members of the dravite-schorl solid solution series with minor amounts of other tourmaline end members. They can be compared to tourmalines from massive sulphide and stratabound tungsten deposits. Tourmalines from pegmatoids, on the contrary, plot close to the schorl end member. Tourmalinites are interpreted as metamorphosed products of elastic sedimentary material which has reacted with boronrich solutions of probable exhalative-hydrothermal origin. These exhalative processes are genetically connected to the transport of B and W and to the formation of syngenetic/syndiagenetic tungsten mineralization. Metamorphic mobilization of these primary concentrations led, during the Variscan and the Alpine metamorphic events, to the formation of scheelite-bearing quartz-tourmaline-, quartz-plagioclase-tourmaline mobilizates and pegmatoids.

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Turmalingesteine und schichtgebundene Scheelitvererzungen im polymetamorphen Kristallin der Ostalpen, österreich

Zusammenfassung Erstmals konnte auch in den Ostalpen die enge genetische Beziehung und weite Verbreitung schichtiger Turmalingesteine (Turmalinite) zu schichtgebundenen Wolframvererzungen gezeigt werden. Die bearbeiteten Vorkommen liegen in Teilen des polymetamorphen ostalpinen Kristallins, eingeschaltet in eine bunte metavulkanoklastisch-, metakarbonatisehe Abfolge, wahrscheinlich altpaläozoischen Alters. Turmalinite setzen sich mineralogisch aus Turmalin, Quarz, Plagioklas, t almandinreichem Granat, ±Muskowit, ± Biotit, untergeordnet Ilmenit, Rutil, Graphit, ± Pyrit und selten Scheelit zusammen und sind prä- bis synmetamorph gebildet worden. Die Turmaline aus den Turmaliniten sind als intermediäre Glieder der Dravit-Schörl-Mischkristallreihe mit untergeordneter Beteiligung anderer Turmalinendglieder bestimmt worden, sie sind in ihrem Mineralchemismus vergleichbar mit Turmalinen aus massiven Sulfid-, und schichtgebundenen Wolframlagerstätten. Turmalin aus Pegmatoiden steht hingegen dem Schörlendglied nahe. Die Turmalinite werden als metamorphe Produkte klastischer Sedimente, die mit borreichen Lösungen, wahrscheinlich exhalativ-hydrothermaler Herkunft, reagiert haben, gedeutet. Diese exhalativen Prozesse stehen mit der Zufuhr von Bor und Wolfram und der Bildung syngenetischer/syndiagenetischer Wolframverer zungen in enger Verbindung. Im Zuge der variszischen und alpinen Orogenesen wurdendiese Ausgangsgesteine mehreren Metamorphosen unterworfen, während der es zur Bildung von scheelitführenden Quarz-Turmalin-, Quarz-Plagioklas-Turmalin-Mobilisaten und Pegmatoiden kam.

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With 6 Figures  相似文献   

Trondhjemites,tonalites and diorites in the South Portuguese Zone and their relations to the vulcanites and mineral deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt     

Werner Schütz  Johann Ebneth  Klaus -Dieter Meyer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(1):201-212

In the South Portuguese Zone close associations of diorites, tonalites and trondhjemites occur north of the Pyrite Belt. The period of their emplacement is Pre-Carboniferous and not, as has generally been assumed, Variscanpostorogen. The trondhjemitic intrusive suite and the Lower Carboniferous spilite-keratophyre association are related through their comagmatic derivation. Both series share sodium dominance, low concentrations of large-ion lithophile elements, indicators of a water-rich original magma and a deficient scorification of the element potential, which was acummulated in the sulphide and manganese deposits of the Pyrite Belt through post-volcanic hydrothermal processes. The mineralogically and geochemically primitive composition of both plutomtes and vulcanites, their mode of eruption from acid to basic facies as well as their position in the orogenic process indicate that they represent products of a successively proceeding partial melting of subducting oceanic crust. The trondhjemitic intrusives are the initialites in the magmatic-orogenic development.

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Zusammenfassung In der Südportugiesischen Zone treten nördlich des Pyritgürtels enge Vergesellschaftungen von Dioriten, Tonaliten und Trondhjemiten auf. Der Zeitraum ihrer Platznahme ist päkarbonisch und nicht, wie bisher allgemein angenommen, variszisch-postorogen. Die trondhjemitische Intrusivsequenz und die unterkarbonische Spilit-Keratophyr-Assoziation sind in weiten Bereichen durch komagmatische Herkunft verbunden. Gemeinsamkeiten beider Abfolgen sind ihre Na-Dominanz, die niedrigen Gehalte an gro\ionigen Elementen, die Anzeichen für ein wasserreiches Ausgangsmagma und die mangelhafte Verschlackung des Elementpotentials, das in den Sulfid- und Manganlagerstätten des Pyritgürtels während postvulkanischer, hydrothermaler Proze\e angereichert wurde. Die mineralogisch wie geochemisch primitive Zusammensetzung sowohl der Plutonite wie der Vulkanite, ihr Eruptionsmodus von saurer zu basischer Fazies sowie ihre Position im orogenen Ablauf deuten darauf hin, da\ sie die Produkte einer sukzessiv fortschreitenden Aufschmelzung subduzierender, ozeanischer Kruste darstellen. Die trondhjemitischen Intrusiva sind die Initialite innerhalb der magmatisch-orogenen Entwicklung.

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Résumé Dans la zone sud du Portugal, il existe, au nord de la ceinture pyriteuse, des associations étroites de diorites, de tonalites et de trondhjémites. Leur mise en place date de la période pré-carbonifère et non, comme on l'avait généralement admis jusqu'à présent, de la période varisque post-orogénique. Le faisceau intrusif trondhjémitique et l'association spilite-kératophyre du Carbonifère inférieur sont liés par une origine comagmatique. Les points communs des deux successions sont leur dominante sodique, les faibles teneurs en éléments à gros ions, les indices d'un magma de départ aquifère et la scorification réduite du potentiel d'éléments qui, dans les gisements de sulfure et de manganèse de la ceinture pyriteuse a été enrichi par des processus post-volcaniques et hydrothermaux. La composition primitive, tant minéralogique que géochimique, de la plutonite comme de la vulcanite, leur mode d'éruption qui va du type acide au type basique, ainsi que leur position dans le processus orogénique indiquent qu'il s'agit de produits successifs de la fusion partielle d'une croûte océanique en voie de subduction. Les intrusions trondhjémitiques représentent le stade initial dans l'évolution orogéno-magmatique.

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Field and geochemical characteristics of the Mesoarchean ( 3075 Ma) Ivisaartoq greenstone belt, southern West Greenland: Evidence for seafloor hydrothermal alteration in supra-subduction oceanic crust     

Ali Polat  Peter W.U. Appel  Robert Frei  Yuanming Pan  Y&#x;ld&#x;r&#x;m Dilek  Juan C. Ordez-Caldern  Brian Fryer  Julie A. Hollis  Johann G. Raith 《Gondwana Research》2007,11(1-2):69

The Mesoarchean (ca. 3075 Ma) Ivisaartoq greenstone belt in southern West Greenland includes variably deformed and metamorphosed pillow basalts, ultramafic flows (picrites), serpentinized ultramafic rocks, gabbros, sulphide-rich siliceous layers, and minor siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Primary magmatic features such as concentric cooling-cracks and drainage cavities in pillows, volcanic breccia, ocelli interpreted as liquid immiscibility textures in pillows and gabbros, magmatic layering in gabbros, and clinopyroxene cumulates in ultramafic flows are well preserved in low-strain domains. The belt underwent at least two stages of calc-silicate metasomatic alteration and polyphase deformation between 2963 and 3075 Ma. The stage I metasomatic assemblage is composed predominantly of epidote (now mostly diopside) + quartz + plagioclase ± hornblende ± scapolite, and occurs mainly in pillow cores, pillow interstitials, and along pillow basalt-gabbro contacts. The origin of this metasomatic assemblage is attributed to seafloor hydrothermal alteration. On the basis of the common presence of epidote inclusions in diopside and the local occurrence of epidote-rich aggregates, the stage I metasomatic assemblage is interpreted as relict epidosite. The stage II metasomatic assemblage occurs as concordant discontinuous layered calc-silicate bodies to discordant calc-silicate veins commonly associated with shear zones. The stage II metasomatic assemblage consists mainly of diopside + garnet + amphibole + plagioclase + quartz ± vesuvianite ± scapolite ± epidote ± titanite ± calcite ± scheelite. Given that the second stage of metasomatism is closely associated with shear zones and replaced rocks with an early metamorphic fabric, its origin is attributed to regional dynamothermal metamorphism. The least altered pillow basalts, picrites, gabbros, and diorites are characterized by LREE-enriched, near-flat HREE, and HFSE (especially Nb)-depleted trace element patterns, indicating a subduction zone geochemical signature. Ultramafic pillows and cumulates display large positive initial ε_Nd values of + 1.3 to + 5.0, consistent with a strongly depleted mantle source. Given the geological similarities between the Ivisaartoq greenstone belt and Phanerozoic forearc ophiolites, we suggest that the Ivisaartoq greenstone belt represents Mesoarchean supra-subduction zone oceanic crust.  相似文献   

Limonit vom Hohen Sarstein,Oberösterreich     

Erich Johann Zirkl 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,10(1-4):256-264

Zusammenfassung Von einem Limonit aus der Umgebung der Steinhüttelalm am Hohen Sarstein im Dachsteingebiet (Oberösterreich) werden die Ergebnisse der Durchlicht-, Auflicht-und Elektronenmikroskopie, der DTA, Röntgen- und chemischen Untersuchungen mitgeteilt. Das Hauptmineral ist Nadeleisenerz, -FeOOH. Die Entstehung wird kurz erörtert.

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Summary Limonite from the environment of Steinhüttelalm at Hoher Sarstein in the Dachstein area (Upper Austria) is described. The results of microscopy in transmitted and reflected light, electron microscopy, DTA, X-ray, and chemical investigations are communicated. The main mineral is goethite, -FeOOH. The genesis is discussed.

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Mit 4 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Effects of the Changjiang river discharge on sea surface warming in the Yellow and East China Seas in summer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Taewook Park  Chan Joo Jang  Johann H. JungclausHelmuth Haak  Wonsun ParkIm Sang Oh 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(1):15-22

This study explores the effects of the Changjiang (also called the Yangtze River) river discharge (CRD) on the density stratifications and associated sea surface temperature (SST) changes using a global ocean general circulation model with regional focus on the Yellow and East China Seas (YECS). It is found that CRD increases the SST in summer through a barrier layer (BL) formation that tends to enhance stratification at the mixed layer base, and thus reduces both vertical mixing and entrainment. This process is effective, particularly in August, after the CRD reaches its maximum in July. The SST difference between the composites of flood and drought years confirms that the surface warming is related to surface freshening by the CRD. This result suggests that the BL induced by the CRD is an important contributor to the surface heat budget in the YECS.  相似文献   

An ocean observation system for monitoring the affects of climate change on the ecology and sustainability of pelagic fisheries in the Pacific Ocean     

Simon J. Nicol  Valerie Allain  Graham M. Pilling  Jeff Polovina  Marta Coll  Johann Bell  Paul Dalzell  Peter Sharples  Robert Olson  Shane Griffiths  Jeffrey M. Dambacher  Jock Young  Antony Lewis  John Hampton  Jesus Jurado Molina  Simon Hoyle  Karine Briand  Nic Bax  Patrick Lehodey  Peter Williams 《Climatic change》2013,119(1):131-145

Climate change presents an emerging challenge to the sustainable management of tuna fisheries, and robust information is essential to ensure future sustainability. Climate and harvest affect tuna stocks, populations of non-target, dependent species and the ecosystem. To provide relevant advice we need an improved understanding of oceanic ecosystems and better data to parameterise the models that forecast the impacts of climate change. Currently ocean-wide data collection in the Pacific Ocean is primarily restricted to oceanographic data. However, the fisheries observer programs that operate in the region offer an opportunity to collect the additional information on the mid and upper trophic levels of the ecosystem that is necessary to complement this physical data, including time-series of distribution, abundance, size, composition and biological information on target and non-target species and mid trophic level organisms. These observer programs are in their infancy, with limited temporal and spatial distribution but recent international and national policy decisions have been made to expand their coverage. We identify a number of actions to initiate this monitoring including: consolidating collaborations to ensure the use of best quality data; developing consistency between sub-regional observer programmes to ensure that they meet the objectives of ecosystem monitoring; interrogating of existing time series to determine the most appropriate spatial template for monitoring; and exploring existing ecosystem models to identify suitable indicators of ecosystem status and change. The information obtained should improve capacity to develop fisheries management policies that are resilient and can be adapted to climate change.  相似文献   

从多岛弧盆系构造看西特提斯造山系构造演化          下载免费PDF全文

袁四化  刘永江  常瑞虹  Franz Neubauer  Johann Genser  关庆彬  黄倩雯 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(2):316-331

本文通过综述近年西特提斯带主要缝合带的研究进展及所代表洋盆的发育特征,提出了古特提斯缝合带可能的位置和俯冲消亡方式。结合区域资料探讨了西特提斯带古生代末—中生代洋陆构造格局,认为东、西古特提斯洋完全可以类比,自晚古生代末西特提斯带主要受古特提斯大洋双向俯冲制约,在俯冲带后缘以二叠纪裂谷带为基础逐渐发展成中生代多岛弧盆系的新特提斯构造格局,西特提斯造山系主要表现为弧后洋盆消减造山作用。  相似文献   

Problems associated with extrapolating ecological traits to higher-than-species level exemplified in the description of the larvae of Potamophylax haidukorum Malicky, 1999, Potamophylax winneguthi (Klapálek, 1902) and Melampophylax austriacus Malicky, 1990     

Johann Waringer  Wolfram Graf  Hans Malicky 《Limnologica》2013,43(6):441-450

Functional diversity, e.g. based on feeding types, is frequently used for assessment procedures. By using Trichoptera genera Potamophylax and Melampophylax as examples, we demonstrate that functional diversity, based on mandible morphology, is low in the former, but high in the latter. When using functional feeding types for assessment procedures, this strictly questions identification at higher than species level and underlines the importance of providing taxonomic information by describing hitherto unknown larvae.Based on mandible morphology, the close species pair Potamophylax haidukorum and P. winneguthi, both endemics of the Dinaric Western Balkan, are omnivorous shredders, a character shared with all other known larvae of genus Potamophylax. In existing keys, P. haidukorum and P. winneguthi may be separated from morphologically close species (e.g. Allogamus spp., Micropterna spp., Potamophylax spp., Leptotaulius gracilis Schmid and Parachiona picicornis (Pictet)) by the lack of a large posterior sclerite at the lateral protuberance, by the lack of additional face setae at mid and hind femora, by the absence of numerous black spines at the pronotal surface and by the shape of metanotal sclerites. Melampophylax austriacus, an endemic of the Eastern Alps, has spoon-shaped scraper mandibles lacking teeth. This character is shared with M. mucoreus (Hagen) and M. nepos (McLachlan), whereas in M. melampus (McLachlan) teeth are present at the mandibles as it is common for omnivorous shredders. Such intra-generic functional diversity questions trait classifications on higher taxonomic units like genus or family.  相似文献