Steady, balanced rates of uplift and erosion of the Santa Monica Mountains, California     

Meigs  Brozovic  & Johnson 《Basin Research》1999,11(1):59-73

Topographic change in regions of active deformation is a function of rates of uplift and denudation. The rate of topographic development and change of an actively uplifting mountain range, the Santa Monica Mountains, southern California, was assessed using landscape attributes of the present topography, uplift rates and denudation rates. Landscape features were characterized through analysis of a digital elevation model (DEM). Uplift rates at time scales ranging from 10⁴ to 10⁶ years were constrained with geological cross-sections and published estimates. Denudation rate was determined from sediment yield data from debris basins in southern California and from the relief of rivers set into geomorphic surfaces of known age. First-order morphology of the Santa Monica Mountains is set by large-scale along-strike variations in structural geometry. Drainage spacing, drainage geometry and to a lesser extent relief are controlled by bedrock strength. Dissection of the range flanks and position of the principal drainage divide are modulated by structural asymmetry and differences in structural relief across the range. Topographic and catchment-scale relief are ≈300–900 m. Mean denudation rate derived from the sediment yield data and river incision is 0.5±0.3 mm yr^?1. Uplift rate across the south flank of the range is ≈0.5±0.4 mm yr^?1 and across the north flank is 0.24±0.12 mm yr^?1. At least 1.6–2.7 Myr is required to create either the present topographic or the catchment-scale relief based on either the mean rates of denudation or uplift. Although the landscape has had sufficient time to achieve a steady-state form, comparison of the time-scale of uplift and denudation rate variation with probable landscape response times implies the present topography does not represent the steady-state form.  相似文献   

Global Earth structure: inference and assessment   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D. W. Vasco  Lane R. Johnson  & Osni Marques 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(2):381-407

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A risk assessment approach to contaminants in Port Curtis, Queensland, Australia     

Jones MA  Stauber J  Apte S  Simpson S  Vicente-Beckett V  Johnson R  Duivenvoorden L 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):448-458

Port Curtis is one of Australia's leading ports for which substantial industrial expansion is proposed over the next decade. However, there has been little attempt to date to assess the extent of contamination in waters, sediments and biota or to characterize the potential impacts of contaminants on aquatic biota. Contaminants of potential concern to biota and human health were investigated in the Port Curtis estuary using a screening-level risk assessment approach. Dissolved metal concentrations in waters were below [ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Vol. 1. The Guidelines, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand] trigger values, suggesting low risk of these contaminants. In sediments, arsenic, nickel and chromium concentrations exceeded interim sediment quality guidelines-low (ISQG-low), but were also high in the reference zone suggesting a natural origin. Historical data on naphthalene in Harbour sediments showed that it was also of potential concern. Bioaccumulation of contaminants in a range of biota was also used as an indicator of contaminant exposure. Biota were generally enriched in metals and tributyltin, which was also elevated in water and sediments. Although not unique to Port Curtis, mercury in barramundi was identified as a potential risk to human health.  相似文献   

The influence of dependence in characterizing multi-variable uncertainty for climate change impact assessments     

Sajjad Eghdamirad  Fiona Johnson  Ashish Sharma 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(6):731-738

Few approaches exist that explicitly use the uncertainty associated with the spread of climate model simulations in assessing climate change impacts. An approach that does so is second-order approximation (SOA). This incorporates quantification of uncertainty to ascertain its impact on the derived response using a Taylor series expansion of the model. This study uses SOA in a statistical downscaling model of monthly streamflow, with a focus on the influence of dependence in the uncertainty of multiple atmospheric variables. Uncertainty is quantified using the square root error variance concept with a new extension that allows the inter-dependence terms among the atmospheric variable uncertainty to be specified. Applying the model to selected point locations in Australia, it is noted that the downscaling results differ considerably from downscaling that ignores uncertainty. However, when the effects of dependence in uncertainty are incorporated, the results differ according to the regional variations in dependence structure.  相似文献   

Assessing groundwater sustainability under changing climate using isotopic tracers and climate modelling,southwest Ohio,USA     

Zelalem K. Bedaso  Shuang-Ye Wu  Amber N. Johnson  Colin McTighe 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(7):798-807

Groundwater, an essential resource, is likely to change with global warming because of changes in the CO₂ levels, temperature and precipitation. Here, we combine water isotope geochemistry with climate modelling to examine future groundwater recharge in southwest Ohio, USA. We first establish the stable isotope profiles of oxygen and deuterium in precipitation and groundwater. We then use an isotope mass balance model to determine seasonal groundwater recharge from precipitation. Climate model output is used to project future changes in precipitation and its seasonal distribution under medium and high climate change scenarios. Finally, these results are combined to examine future changes in groundwater recharge. We find that 76% of the groundwater recharge occurs in the cool season. Climate models project precipitation increase in the cool season and decrease in the warm season. The total groundwater recharge is expected to increase by 3.2% (8.8%) under the medium (high) climate change scenarios.  相似文献   

中国黄土高原西缘甘肃万象洞MIS 5石笋δ18O记录与南方地区石笋记录的对比研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安春雷  张平中  代志波  张德忠  杨勋林  K.R.Johnson 《第四纪研究》2006,26(6)

位于青藏高原与黄土高原过渡带的甘肃武都万象洞石笋WXSM51和WXSM52提供了MIS 5(118～79 kaB.P.)高分辨率的δ18O记录.研究表明,万象洞石笋δ18O值与夏季风强度呈负相关关系,与我国西南部的贵州董歌洞石笋δ18O记录有良好的对应关系,并与高纬度的格陵兰NGRIP冰芯δ18O记录和65°N太阳辐射强度有很好的一致性,说明万象洞石笋δ18O记录了118～79 kaB.P.期间亚洲季风强度的变化,同时也说明东亚季风强度的变化和全球气候变化同步,而且主要受控于北半球太阳辐射强度的变化.同时它与地中海碳酸盐记录有很好的相似性,和巴西石笋δ18O记录在千年尺度上表现出相反的变化趋势,说明东亚季风区、地中海地区以及巴西季风区之间存在密切的联系,指示了南北半球气候在千年尺度上存在"跷跷板"(seesaw)现象.万象洞石笋δ18O记录的MIS 5b与MIS 5a突发性转换,与NGRIP冰芯δ18O记录相似,而与神农架记录存在差异,说明万象洞地区对亚洲季风强度的响应更为敏感.  相似文献   

Quaternary ecology: A paleoecological perspective. Hazel R. Delcourt and Paul A. Delcourt, 1991, Chapman & Hall,x + 242 pp., $93.00 (clothbound), $43.95 (paperbound)     

William C. Johnson 《Geoarchaeology》1993,8(1):75-77

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Climate and the Delores River Anasazi,Kenneth Lee Petersen, 1988, University of Utah Anthropological Papers No. 113, vii + 152 pp., $25.00 (paper-bound)     

William C. Johnson 《Geoarchaeology》1990,5(4):385-387

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Catchment-scale observations at the Niwot Ridge long-term ecological research site     

Nels R. Bjarke  Ben Livneh  Sarah C. Elmendorf  Noah P. Molotch  Eve-Lyn S. Hinckley  Nancy C. Emery  Pieter T. J. Johnson  Jennifer F. Morse  Katherine N. Suding 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14320

The Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley (NWT) long-term ecological research (LTER) site collects environmental observations spanning both alpine and subalpine regimes. The first observations began in 1952 and have since expanded to nearly 300 available datasets over an area of 99 km² within the north-central Colorado Rocky Mountains that include hydrological (n = 101), biological (n = 79), biogeochemical (n = 62), and geographical (n = 56) observations. The NWT LTER database is well suited to support hydrologic investigations that require long-term and interdisciplinary data sets. Experimentation and data collection at the NWT LTER are designed to characterize ecological responses of high-mountain environments to changes in climate, nutrients, and water availability. In addition to the continuation of the many legacy NWT datasets, expansion of the breadth and utility of the NWT LTER database is driven by new initiatives including (a) a catchment-scale sensor network of soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and snow-depth observations to understand hydrologic connectivity and (b) snow-albedo alteration experiments using black sand to evaluate the effects of snow-disappearance on ecosystems. Together, these observational and experimental datasets provide a substantial foundation for hydrologic studies seeking to understand and predict changes to catchment and local-scale process interactions.  相似文献   

Into the melting pot: A celebration of the career of Michael Brown     

Tim E. Johnson  Richard W. White  Chris Clark 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(7):889-897

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