Relativistic Behavior and Equitemporal Surfaces in Ultra-Relativistic Prompt Emission Phase of Gamma-Ray Bursts     

R. Moradi  R. Ruffini  C. L. Bianco  Y.-C. Chen  M. Karlica  J. D. Melon Fuksman  D. Primorac  J. A. Rueda  S. Shakeri  Y. Wang  S. S. Xue 《Astronomy Reports》2018,62(12):905-910

In this work we study a role of baryon load and interstellarmediumdensity to explain the nature of peaks in the ultra-relativistic prompt emission (UPE) phase of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). We study the behavior of their Γ Lorenz factor fromthe moment of transparency all the way up to interstellarmedium. We finally study the characteristic of equitemporal surfaces in the UPE phase.  相似文献   

Seismic scenario including site-effect determination in Torreperogil and Sabiote,Jaén (Spain), after the 2013 earthquake sequence   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Juan Rueda  Julio Mezcua  Rosa M. García Blanco  Alberto Núñez  María Fernández de Villalta 《Natural Hazards》2015,79(2):675-697

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Modeling the transport and accumulation floating debris generated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami     

Laurent C.-M. Lebreton  Jose C. Borrero 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,66(1-2):53-58

A global ocean circulation model is coupled to a particle-tracking model to simulate the transport of floating debris washed into the North Pacific Ocean by the Tohoku tsunami. A release scenario for the tsunami debris is based on coastal population and measured tsunami runup. Archived 2011/2012 hindcast current data is used to model the transport of debris since the tsunami, while data from 2008 to 2012 is used to investigate the distribution of debris on timescales up to 4 years. The vast amount of debris pushed into ocean likely represents thousands of years worth of ‘normal’ litter flux from Japan’s urbanized coastline. This is important since a significant fraction of the debris will be comprised of plastics, some of which will degrade into tiny particles and be consumed by marine organisms, thereby allowing adsorbed organic pollutants to enter our food supply in quantities much higher than present.  相似文献   

Observations and Impacts from the 2010 Chilean and 2011 Japanese Tsunamis in California (USA)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Rick I. Wilson  Amanda R. Admire  Jose C. Borrero  Lori A. Dengler  Mark R. Legg  Patrick Lynett  Timothy P. McCrink  Kevin M. Miller  Andy Ritchie  Kara Sterling  Paul M. Whitmore 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(6-8):1127-1147

The coast of California was significantly impacted by two recent teletsunami events, one originating off the coast of Chile on February 27, 2010 and the other off Japan on March 11, 2011. These tsunamis caused extensive inundation and damage along the coast of their respective source regions. For the 2010 tsunami, the NOAA West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center issued a state-wide Tsunami Advisory based on forecasted tsunami amplitudes ranging from 0.18 to 1.43 m with the highest amplitudes predicted for central and southern California. For the 2011 tsunami, a Tsunami Warning was issued north of Point Conception and a Tsunami Advisory south of that location, with forecasted amplitudes ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 m, the highest expected for Crescent City. Because both teletsunamis arrived during low tide, the potential for significant inundation of dry land was greatly reduced during both events. However, both events created rapid water-level fluctuations and strong currents within harbors and along beaches, causing extensive damage in a number of harbors and challenging emergency managers in coastal jurisdictions. Field personnel were deployed prior to each tsunami to observe and measure physical effects at the coast. Post-event survey teams and questionnaires were used to gather information from both a physical effects and emergency response perspective. During the 2010 tsunami, a maximum tsunami amplitude of 1.2 m was observed at Pismo Beach, and over $3-million worth of damage to boats and docks occurred in nearly a dozen harbors, most significantly in Santa Cruz, Ventura, Mission Bay, and northern Shelter Island in San Diego Bay. During the 2011 tsunami, the maximum amplitude was measured at 2.47 m in Crescent City Harbor with over $50-million in damage to two dozen harbors. Those most significantly affected were Crescent City, Noyo River, Santa Cruz, Moss Landing, and southern Shelter Island. During both events, people on docks and near the ocean became at risk to injury with one fatality occurring during the 2011 tsunami at the mouth of the Klamath River. Evaluations of maximum forecasted tsunami amplitudes indicate that the average percent error was 38 and 28 % for the 2010 and 2011 events, respectively. Due to these recent events, the California tsunami program is developing products that will help: (1) the maritime community better understand tsunami hazards within their harbors, as well as if and where boats should go offshore to be safe, and (2) emergency managers develop evacuation plans for relatively small “Warning” level events where extensive evacuation is not required. Because tsunami-induced currents were responsible for most of the damage in these two events, modeled current velocity estimates should be incorporated into future forecast products from the warning centers.  相似文献   

Relationship between bedload and suspended sediment in the sand-bed Exu River,in the semi-arid region of Brazil     

Jose Ramon B. Cantalice  Moacyr Cunha Filho  Borko D. Stosic  Victor Casimiro Piscoya  Sergio M. S. Guerra  Vijay P. Singh 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(8):1789-1802

Abstract

Suspended sediment and bedload discharges in sand-bed rivers shape semi-arid landscapes and impact sediment delivery from these landscapes, but are still incompletely understood. Suspended sediment and bedload fluxes of the intermittent Exu River, Brazil, were sampled by direct measurements. The highest suspended sediment concentration observed was 4847.4 mg L^-1 and this value was possibly associated with the entrainment of sediment that was deposited in the preceding year. The bedload flux was well related to the stream power and the river efficiently transported all available bedload with a mean rate of 0.0047 kg m^-1 s^-1, and the percentage of bedload to suspended sediment varied between 4 and 12.72. The bed sediment of Exu River was prone to entrainment and showed a proclivity for transport. Thus, sand-bed and gravel-bed rivers of arid environments seem to exhibit the same mobility in the absence of armour layer.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor B. Touaibia

Citation Cantalice, J.R.B., Cunha Filho, M., Stosic, B.D., Piscoya, V.C., Guerra, S.M.S., and Singh, V.P., 2013. Relationship between bedload and suspended sediment in the sand-bed Exu River, in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1789–1802.  相似文献   

Methodological proposal to assess groundwater contamination danger: study case of Bajo Cauca aquifer (Colombia)     

Teresita Betancur  Carlos Palacio  Jorge Ignacio Gaviria  María Rueda 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(1):315-328

Interaction between vulnerability and contaminating charge was used in order to determine the groundwater contamination danger. The result of danger being adapted to the scale of impact on human or animal health and ecosystems is known as “risk”. Index and overlapping methodologies such as EPNNA, DRASTIC, SINTACS, GOD AVI, and Ekv were used and compared to evaluate vulnerability. Contaminating charge to the subsoil, which is generated from specific human activity, has four characteristics: kind of contaminant, means of disposal, intensity, and duration. Interaction among these characteristics obtains a Contaminating Charge Index. In the Bajo Cauca Antioqueño region, over 150,000 inhabitants require ground water for meeting their basic needs at home, for cattle breeding activities, and for irrigation. For this region, an assessment of the groundwater contamination of the free aquifer, as well as an estimation of its impact and the danger this contamination may pose to ecosystems or communities has been performed. Analysis of the interaction between vulnerability and threat allows for the creation of danger and risk maps.  相似文献   

An explicit solution for static unbounded helical dynamos     

Pisin Chen  Jose L. Milovich 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):343-353

Abstract

The Lortz dynamo with helical symmetry is re-examined. It is shown that by imposing appropriate boundary conditions the set of possible solutions can be broken down into various classes characterized by the behavior of the mean magnetic field. It is found that, as the cylindrical radius, s, tends to zero, <B_Φ> ～ 0(s^j), <B_z> ～ const + 0(s^j?i), where j>5. It is proved that the azimuthal wavenumber associated with the j=5 class is necessarily equal to 2. The existence of at least one cylindrical surface inside which the dynamo is self-sustained is demonstrated. A new simple explicit solution is obtained. The topology the magnetic field is studied and three-dimensional pictures of the magnetic field lines are exhibited. Finally, a criterion for reversal of the magnetic field as a function of radius is ohtained and is applied to our solution.  相似文献   

A cephalopod fishery GIS for the Northeast Atlantic: development and application     

Graham J. Pierce  Jianjun Wang  Xiaohong Zheng  Jose M. Bellido  Peter R. Boyle  Vencent Denis 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):763-784

Cephalopod stocks are of increasing economic importance. Cephalopod fisheries show marked inter-annual fluctuations unrelated to fishery landings and effort. Their population dynamics, particularly recruitment, are thought to be strongly susceptible to changes in environmental conditions. This arises in part from the short life cycle, resulting in poor buffering of the population against changing conditions. These characteristics make traditional approaches to stock assessment and fishery management inappropriate. GIS offers a tool to improve understanding of spatio-temporal trends in abundance and facilitate rational management. A cephalopod fishery geographical information system for Northeast Atlantic waters (CFGIS-NEA) was developed. The system covers the area from 28.0° W to 11.0° E, and 34.5° N to 65.5° N. It was designed for investigating cephalopod resource dynamics in relation to environmental variation. It is based on Unix Arc/Info, and PC ArcView, combined with the statistical software package S-PLUS and supported by a database in Microsoft Access. Environmental data (e.g. sea surface temperature and salinity, sea bottom temperature and salinity, and bathymetric data), cephalopod fishery, survey and biological data, from a variety of sources, were integrated in the GIS as coverages, grids, shapefiles, and tables. Special functions were developed for data integration, data conversion, query, visualisation, analysis and management. User-friendly interfaces were developed allowing relatively inexperienced users to operate the system. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of cephalopod abundance by species, the spatial and temporal relationships between cephalopod abundance and environmental factors, and the spatial and temporal patterns of cephalopod fishing activity were analysed using a combination of visual (qualitative) and quantitative methods. Predictive empirical models, such as GAMs (generalized additive models), were developed for modelling cephalopod abundance using environmental variables.  相似文献   

Debris dispersal modeling for the great Sumatra Tsunamis on Banda Aceh and surrounding waters     

Gegar Prasetya  Kerry Black  Willem de Lange  Jose Borrero  Terry Healy 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(3):1167-1188

The Great Sumatra Tsunami on 26 December 2004 generated large amounts of debris and waste throughout the affected coastal region in the Indian Ocean. In Banda Aceh—Indonesia, the tsunami flows were observed carrying a thick muddy sludge that mixed with all kinds of debris from the destroyed buildings, bridges and culverts, vehicles, fallen trees, and other flotsam. This waste and debris was mostly deposited inland, but traveled both onshore and offshore. Numerical dispersal modeling is carried out to simulate the transport of debris and waste produced by the tsunamis during the event. The model solves the Lagrangian form of the transport/dispersion equations using novel particle tracking techniques. Model results show that understanding the pathway and distribution of the suspended materials and flotsam caused by tsunamis is important for a proper hazards mitigation plan and waste management action, and to minimize serious long-term adverse environmental and natural resources consequences.  相似文献   

Checking unimodality using isotonic regression: an application to breast cancer mortality rates     

C. Rueda  M. D. Ugarte  A. F. Militino 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(4):1277-1288

In some diseases it is well-known that a unimodal mortality pattern exists. A clear example in developed countries is breast cancer, where mortality increased sharply until the nineties and then decreased. This clear unimodal pattern is not necessarily applicable to all regions within a country. In this paper, we develop statistical tools to check if the unimodality pattern persists within regions using order restricted inference. Break points as well as confidence intervals are also provided. In addition, a new test for checking monotonicity against unimodality is derived allowing to discriminate between a simple increasing pattern and an up-then-down response pattern. A comparison with the widely used joinpoint regression technique under unimodality is provided. We show that the joinpoint technique could fail when the underlying function is not piecewise linear. Results will be illustrated using age-specific breast cancer mortality data from Spain in the period 1975–2005.  相似文献