Pb / Pb-ages of zircons from syn-collisional I-type porphyritic granites of the central Ribeira belt, SE Brazil     

Julio Cezar Mendes  Ciro Alexandre vila  Ronaldo Mello Pereira  Mnica P.L. Heilbron  Candido A.V. Moura 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(3):326-336

In the central segment of the Ribeira belt, southeast Brazil, several foliated porphyritic granitic bodies intrude high-grade migmatitic gneisses of the Andrelândia and Juiz de Fora domains and Embú Complex. Results of geological, geochemical and geochronological investigations of the Maromba, Pedra Selada, Serra do Lagarto and Funil porphyritic I-type granites provide profound similarities, except for the distinct geochemical behavior of the Funil Granite, perhaps related to a different crustal source. These granitoids show similar structural, textural and mineralogical features. Pb-evaporation of single zircons provided ages of 586 ± 6, 579.6 ± 6.3, 586.3 ± 4.8 and 584 ± 5 Ma for the granites, respectively, coincident with the syn-collision I episode of the central Ribeira belt. The intrusion of I-type porphyritic granitoids coeval with the main collisional event has not often been reported in the geological literature. The most common syn-collisional granitic magmatism has normally an S-type signature or even a slightly peraluminous I-type character. However, the occurrence of coeval I- and S-type syn-tectonic granites along the central Ribeira belt, as observed in the investigated area and discussed in this paper is noteworthy.  相似文献   

Holocene Environmental Changes of Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) from Stable Isotopes (δ13C, δ18O) and Trace Element Records of Ostracod and Gastropod Carbonates     

Pere Anadón  Andrea Moscariello  Julio Rodríguez-Lázaro  M. L. Filippi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(3):593-616

Stable isotopes and trace-element contents of ostracod (Candona neglecta) valves mostly from the Holocene portion of two assembled cores from Petit Lac (Lake Geneva, Switzerland-France) were analysed in order to depict the geochemical record of post-glacial environmental changes of this lake. Additional stable isotope and trace element data from the gastropod Bithynia tentaculata (shells and opercula) from some intervals of these cores, as well as previous data from bulk carbonate from the lower part of the studied intervals were also considered. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca molar ratios for the Holocene lake water have been estimated from evaluations of the partitioning coefficients for Mg and Sr for C. neglecta and B. tentaculata taking into account the modern-lake water composition. This study shows an overall gentle trend to higher δ¹⁸O values in C. neglecta valves from the Boreal interval (mean −8.44‰) to the upper part of the core (mean −8.11‰). This trend is superimposed to higher frequency oscillations of stable isotope values and trace element ratios, especially through the upper Older Atlantic and the Subboreal. The overall isotopic oxygen trend includes several shifts in δ¹⁸O of about 1‰. These shifts are interpreted as major regional-global climate changes that have also been observed in other coeval δ¹⁸O and pollen records which reflect the Holocene climate variability in other European basins. Especially well-defined peaks in some episodes like Older Atlantic (~8200 yr BP), Younger Atlantic – Subboreal transition (~5600 yr BP) and early Subatlantic (~ 2500 yr BP) correspond to well-recognized events in globally-distributed records. Some of these shifts are correlated with pulses in the lake-level curve of the Lake Geneva. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

On the advantage of sharing a holdfast: effects of density and occurrence of kin aggregation in the kelp Lessonia berteroana          下载免费PDF全文

Nicolás I. Segovia  Julio A. Vásquez  Sylvain Faugeron  Pilar A. Haye 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1107-1117

We investigated the density‐dependent and genetic relatedness that regulate the occurrence of inter‐individual (genet) fusion forming plurigenotypic organisms in the brown alga Lessonia berteroana. Recruitment generally occurs at high densities in the inter‐tidal, allowing contact of neighbouring holdfasts as they grow and expand on the substrate. Algal density, by contrast, is regulated by the effects of herbivory and wave impact, which often lead to low holdfast density. Herein, we investigated whether the occurrence of plurigenotypic organisms and their genotypic composition (number of genotypes per plurigenotypic organism) are density dependent and affected by kin selection in the inter‐tidal kelp L. berteroana. Four microsatellite loci were used to analyse DNA from 260 samples obtained from shared and non‐shared holdfasts, at two sites with high and two site with low holdfast density. Analyses showed that fusions forming plurigenotypic organisms are extremely common. Interestingly, the frequency of fusions was higher in low‐density sites, in which 100% of the plants had at least two genotypes and the average was 3.5. In high‐density sites, 62% of plants were plurigenotypic, with an average of 2.8 genotypes per plant. Additionally, we found that genotypes that shared a holdfast had a significantly higher genetic relatedness than the average in the population, compatible with a kin structure. Density dependence and kin structure suggest that the occurrence of plurigenotypic organisms is linked to environmental quality, and that kin or multilevel selection may be favouring the fusion of genetically related genets.  相似文献   

Soils at the hyperarid margin: The isotopic composition of soil carbonate from the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jay Quade  Jason A. Rech  Julio L. Betancourt  Mary T.K. Kalin 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(15):3772-3795

We evaluate the impact of exceptionally sparse plant cover (0-20%) and rainfall (2-114 mm/yr) on the stable carbon and oxygen composition of soil carbonate along elevation transects in what is among the driest places on the planet, the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonates from the Atacama are the highest of any desert in the world. δ¹³C (VPDB) values from soil carbonate range from −8.2‰ at the wettest sites to +7.9‰ at the driest. We measured plant composition and modeled respiration rates required to form these carbonate isotopic values using a modified version of the soil diffusion model of [Cerling (1984) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.71, 229-240], in which we assumed an exponential form of the soil CO₂ production function, and relatively shallow (20-30 cm) average production depths. Overall, we find that respiration rates are the main predictor of the δ¹³C value of soil carbonate in the Atacama, whereas the fraction C₃ to C₄ biomass at individual sites has a subordinate influence. The high average δ¹³C value (+4.1‰) of carbonate from the driest study sites indicates it formed—perhaps abiotically—in the presence of pure atmospheric CO₂.δ¹⁸O (VPDB) values from soil carbonate range from −5.9‰ at the wettest sites to +7.3‰ at the driest and show much less regular variation with elevation change than δ¹³C values. δ¹⁸O values for soil carbonate predicted from local temperature and δ¹⁸O values of rainfall values suggest that extreme (>80% in some cases) soil dewatering by evaporation occurs at most sites prior to carbonate formation. The effects of evaporation compromise the use of δ¹⁸O values from ancient soil carbonate to reconstruct paleoelevation in such arid settings.  相似文献   

Simulation of damage in RC frames with variable axial forces     

María Elena Perdomo  Angela Ramírez  Julio Flrez-Lpez 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(3):311-328

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the methods and concepts of continuum damage and fracture mechanics can be applied to the modelling of the hysteretic behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame members under variable axial loads. A frame member is considered as the assemblage of an elastic beam-column and two inelastic hinges, as in conventional nonlinear analysis of RC frames. As a result of the combination of damage mechanics and standard RC theory, a simplified model of damage is proposed and implemented as a finite element (FE). This new element can be used with any non-linear commercial FE program. The numerical simulation of several experiments, for which data were available in the literature, verifies the accuracy of the model. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A case study of in situ oil contamination in a mangrove swamp (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil)     

Elcia M.S. Brito  Robert Duran  Marisol Goñi-Urriza  Miriam A.C. Crapez  Julio C.A. Wasserman 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(3):418-423

Mangroves are sensitive ecosystems of prominent ecological value that lamentably have lost much of their areas across the world. The vulnerability of mangroves grown in proximity to cities requires the development of new technologies for the remediation of acute oil spills and chronic contaminations. Studies on oil remediation are usually performed with in vitro microcosms whereas in situ experiments are rare. The aim of this work was to evaluate oil degradation on mangrove ecosystems using in situ microcosms seeded with an indigenous hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial consortium (HBC). Although the potential degradation of oil through HBC has been reported, their seeding directly on the sediment did not stimulate oil degradation during the experimental period. This is probably due to the availability of carbon sources that are easier to degrade than petroleum hydrocarbons. Our results emphasize the fragility of mangrove ecosystems during accidental oil spills and also the need for more efficient technologies for their remediation.  相似文献   

Drought and Spatiotemporal Variability of Forest Fires Across Mexico     

Pompa-García MARíN  Camarero J.JULIO  Rodríguez-Trejo DANTE ARTURO  Vega-Nieva DANIEL JOSE 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(1):25-37

Understanding the spatiotemporal links between drought and forest fire occurrence is crucial for improving decision-making in fire management under current and future climatic conditions. We quantified forest fire activity in Mexico using georeferenced fire records for the period of 2005–2015 and examined its spatial and temporal relationships with a multiscalar drought index, the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI). A total of 47975 fire counts were recorded in the 11-year long study period, with the peak in fire frequency occurring in 2011. We identified four fire clusters, i.e., regions where there is a high density of fire records in Mexico using the Getis-Ord G spatial statistic. Then, we examined fire frequency data in the clustered regions and assessed how fire activity related to the SPEI for the entire study period and also for the year 2011. Associations between the SPEI and fire frequency varied across Mexico and fire-SPEI relationships also varied across the months of major fire occurrence and related SPEI temporal scales. In particular, in the two fire clusters located in northern Mexico(Chihuahua, northern Baja California), drier conditions over the previous 5 months triggered fire occurrence. In contrast, we did not observe a significant relationship between drought severity and fire frequency in the central Mexico cluster, which exhibited the highest fire frequency. We also found moderate fire-drought associations in the cluster situated in the tropical southern Chiapas where agriculture activities are the main causes of forest fire occurrence. These results are useful for improving our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of fire occurrence as related to drought severity in megadiverse countries hosting many forest types as Mexico.  相似文献   

Seasonal dynamics of trophic relationships among co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture dominated ecosystems     

Sébastien Lefebvre  Julio César Marín Leal  Stanislas Dubois  Francis Orvain  Jean-Louis Blin  Marie-Paule Bataillé  Alain Ourry  Robert Galois 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen isotope values of co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture areas (Normandy, France) were investigated over two years to evaluate the inter-specific trophic partitioning and relative contributions of organic matter sources to benthic suspension-feeders' diet. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus edulis), cockles (Cerastoderma edule), slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata), and sand-mason worms (Lanice conchilega) were sampled in an estuarine environment (Baie des Veys, east Cotentin, Normandy), while oysters, mussels, slipper limpets, and honeycomb worms (Sabellaria alveolata) were sampled in an open-marine environment (Lingreville-sur-mer, west Cotentin, Normandy). Whatever the sampling period, the bivalves, C. gigas and M. edulis, exhibited the lowest values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N compared with the other species. Feeding relationships among suspension-feeders in both C. gigas culture areas exhibited temporal variations due to the marine/estuarine influence and seasonal changes in food supply. In the open-marine ecosystem, the contribution of phytoplankton remained the most important for all species except S. alveolata, while in the estuarine ecosystem, microphytobenthos and/or macroalgae detritus contributed a larger extent to the organisms' diets. During phytoplankton bloom periods (e.g. May and July) suspension-feeders, except for S. alveolata, relied strongly on phytoplankton; however, the majority of suspension-feeders exhibited different opportunistic behaviour in winter when phytoplankton biomass might be a limiting factor. We hypothesized that differences in particle capture and selection by the suspension-feeders influenced their isotopic values. Feeding ecology of suspension-feeders partly explained why competition was limited and why ecosystems can often support unexpectedly large numbers of suspension-feeders. We also showed that understanding ecosystem characteristics of the organic matter sources is of primary importance to determine the extent to which members of the suspension-feeding guild potentially compete for food.  相似文献   

Late Holocene marine productivity changes in Northern Patagonia-Chile inferred from a multi-proxy analysis of Jacaf channel sediments     

Lorena Rebolledo  Julio Sepúlveda  Carina B. Lange  Silvio Pantoja  Sébastien Bertrand  Konrad Hughen  Dante Figueroa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

A multi-proxy approach based on organic (organic carbon, alkenones, and C/N) and inorganic geochemical proxies (biogenic opal, inorganic carbon, Fe, Ti, and Ca) preserved in the sediments of the Jacaf channel (CF7-PC33; 44°21′S, 72°58′W, 510 m water depth), Chilean fjords, yields evidence of major past productivity fluctuations in accordance with climatic changes over the last ∼1800 years. The downcore record clearly shows two productivity/climate modes. The first period, prior to 900 cal yr BP, is characterized by decreased marine productivity and a reduced continental signal, pointing to diminished precipitation and runoff. In contrast, the second period between ∼750 cal yr BP and the late 1800s (top of core) is illustrated by elevated productivity and an increased continental signal, suggesting higher precipitation and runoff. Both time intervals are separated by a relatively abrupt transition of ∼150 years which roughly coincides with the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The increased content of freshwater diatoms and Chrysophyte cysts that characterize the last 200 years of the latter mode coincides with a significant decrease in the carbonate content of the sediment; together they further indicate increased terrigenous contributions and decreased marine carbonate productivity at the end of the Little Ice Age. The correspondence between our record and other paleoclimate studies carried out in South America and Antarctica demonstrates that the Chilean fjord area of Northern Patagonia is not just sensitive to local climatic variability but also to regional and possibly global variability.  相似文献   

Phase-space structure in the local dark matter distribution and its signature in direct detection experiments     

Mark Vogelsberger  Amina Helmi  Volker Springel  Simon D. M. White  Jie Wang  Carlos S. Frenk  Adrian Jenkins  Aaron Ludlow  Julio F. Navarro 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(2):797-811

We study predictions for dark matter (DM) phase-space structure near the Sun based on high-resolution simulations of six galaxy haloes taken from the Aquarius project. The local DM density distribution is predicted to be remarkably smooth; the density at the Sun differs from the mean over a best-fitting ellipsoidal equidensity contour by less than 15 per cent at the 99.9 per cent confidence level. The local velocity distribution is also very smooth, but it differs systematically from a (multivariate) Gaussian distribution. This is not due to the presence of individual clumps or streams, but to broad features in the velocity modulus and energy distributions that are stable in both space and time and reflect the detailed assembly history of each halo. These features have a significant impact on the signals predicted for weakly interacting massive particle and axion searches. For example, weakly interacting massive particles recoil rates can deviate by ∼10 per cent from those expected from the best-fitting multivariate Gaussian models. The axion spectra in our simulations typically peak at lower frequencies than in the case of multivariate Gaussian velocity distributions. Also in this case, the spectra show significant imprints of the formation of the halo. This implies that once direct DM detection has become routine, features in the detector signal will allow us to study the DM assembly history of the Milky Way. A new field, 'DM astronomy', will then emerge.  相似文献