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931.
TOPSIS法在开封市化肥河水环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
TOPSIS法系通过建立多个决策方案,分别计算各个可行方案到正理想点的距离(S^*i)和负理想点的距离(S^-i),再计算出各个可行解对于理想解的相对接近度(C^*),然后通过对相对接近度进行排序找出满意解。运用该方法对开封市化肥河2001—2005年的水环境质量状况进行了评价,结果表明,2005年化肥河综合水质明显优于2001年,且基本呈现逐年好转趋势,但从单一因子对标分析来看,化肥河水质常年属于劣V类,污染较为严重。此外,还分析了TOPSIS法的优缺点,并提出了克服TOPSIS法缺点的办法。 相似文献
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935.
Bao-Ke Ma Li-Xin Guo Hong-Tao Su Bei-Chen Zhang Hong-Qiao Hu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2012,340(2):237-243
The expression of anisotropic temperature ion distribution function under the 13-moment approximation is obtained by solving a set of moment equations based on the Boltzmann equation for a relaxation collision model and with consideration of the anisotropic temperature ion distribution. And the incoherent scatter spectrum with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution is simulated in different directions based on the electromagnetic radiation theory of Sheffield. The effects of different electrical field strengths, ratios of electron temperature to ion temperature, and ion-neutral collision frequencies on the incoherent scatter spectrum are all discussed. Finally, the value of theoretical simulation is compared with the measured value of incoherent scattering spectrum. The result show that the incoherent scatter spectrum of ions seriously deviates from the form of the Maxwellian distribution in the equilibrium state. This phenomenon can be attributed to the effects of anisotropic temperature ion distribution, the larger convection electric field, and other factors in high latitude ionosphere. 相似文献
936.
Yan Guo Herong Gui Jiuchuan Wei Zhi Zhang Mancong Hu Pei Fang Guangping Li Chuan Gao Xin Wang 《Ground water》2021,59(2):256-265
Permian coal measure sandstone fissure water (referred to as “coal measure water,” that is, water in coal measures) is one of the important water sources for industrial and agricultural activities in mining areas. However, the regional high-pressure grouting, one of the most widely used floor control methods, may affect the coal measure water which is connected with limestone aquifer. This study used Taoyuan mine, a typical coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, as the research area to study the influencing mechanism of a grouting treatment on the hydrogeochemical evolution of coal measure water. The hydrogeochemical characteristics and water-rock interaction mechanism of the coal measure water before and during the treatment were evaluated using a Piper trigram, ion combination ratio, and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope. The anions and cations in the coal measure water before and during the treatment had the same trends at SO42− > HCO3− > Cl− and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+, respectively. Hydrochemical types of coal measure water before treatment were mainly SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO4·Cl-Na, and HCO3-Na, and during treatment they were mainly SO4·Cl-Na and HCO3-Na. The formation of chemical components of coal measure water before treatment was mainly caused by carbonate dissolution, sulfate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation. During the treatment, sulfate dissolution and pyrite oxidation were the main geochemical processes, and ion exchange was enhanced. Atmospheric precipitation was the source of all water samples, and all showed an obvious 18O drift. 相似文献
937.
The landscape setting of estuaries varies widely and is an important aspect of determining how they evolve. This paper focusses on alluvial estuaries in river valleys and how they respond to sea level rise. We examine the implications of marine transgression, as a response to sea level rise, where the estuary moves upwards and landwards to maintain its position in the tidal frame (so-called stratigraphic rollover). Here we encapsulate such kinematic movement of the estuary morphology using a ‘morphokinematic’ model, to assess the potential response to sea level rise and sediment supply. The model of the estuary form includes a single convergent channel, intertidal and surrounding floodplains (the valley) and allows the relative importance of the space available for deposition of sediments, the accommodation space, to be investigated as a function of rates of sea level rise and sediment supply. The transgression of the system is determined using a sediment mass balance, taking account of any supply from the river and marine environment. Model results confirm that the transgression distance, measured as the distance the entity moves landward, varies in proportion to the change in accommodation space, which mainly depends on the floodplain area. As the size of the floodplain reduces, the transgression distance is less and the system becomes much more sensitive to changes in the rate of sea level rise or changes in sediment supply. The greater demand for sediment when a floodplain is present results in greater cannibalization of the estuary form (i.e. greater landward movement) to meet the sediment demand. When the floodplain is disconnected from the estuary, the synergistic relationship is lost and the accommodation space increases. The capacity for restoration will depend on the availability of sediment and the prevailing rate of sea level rise. 相似文献
938.
为降低无破坏性的近震小震对高速铁路地震报警的干扰,本文引入改进的标准化累积绝对速度作为报警参数,研究基于改进的标准化累积绝对速度地震报警阈值计算方法。通过建立车轨模型,分析不同周期横向简谐波作用下的列车安全运行极限状态,得出不同车速下改进的标准化累积绝对速度的起算阈值。参照标准化累积绝对速度CAVSTD计算公式,给出不同车速下改进的标准化累积绝对速度计算公式,并计算不同时速下列车分别在6条不同场地地震波作用下改进的标准化累积绝对速度报警阈值。 相似文献
939.
为精准识别贫困山区农居房屋结构现状完好程度,本文开展略阳县境内41894栋农居房屋抗震现状实地调查,搜集整理域内孕灾环境和致灾因子强度,统计分析域内各行政镇(办)经济水平、农居房屋抗震结构类型和震害等级,预测震害矩阵,计算平均震害指数,并评价抗震能力。研究结果表明:域内农居房屋抗震结构类型包括土木结构、砖木结构和砖混结构;域内农居房屋在VI度地震作用下基本完好的比例为74.04%,在VII度地震作用下发生轻微破坏以下震害等级的比例为83.45%,在VIII度地震作用下发生中等破坏以下震害等级的比例为85.46%;域内农居房屋在地震烈度为VI、VII、VIII、IX、X度时的平均震害指数分别为0.13、0.23、0.32、0.49、0.71,抗震性能较差,不满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。 相似文献
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