Reliable estimation of orbit errors in spaceborne SAR interferometry     

Hermann B?hr  Ramon F. Hanssen 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(12):1147-1164

An approach to improve orbital state vectors by orbit error estimates derived from residual phase patterns in synthetic aperture radar interferograms is presented. For individual interferograms, an error representation by two parameters is motivated: the baseline error in cross-range and the rate of change of the baseline error in range. For their estimation, two alternatives are proposed: a least squares approach that requires prior unwrapping and a less reliable gridsearch method handling the wrapped phase. In both cases, reliability is enhanced by mutual control of error estimates in an overdetermined network of linearly dependent interferometric combinations of images. Thus, systematic biases, e.g., due to unwrapping errors, can be detected and iteratively eliminated. Regularising the solution by a minimum-norm condition results in quasi-absolute orbit errors that refer to particular images. For the 31 images of a sample ENVISAT dataset, orbit corrections with a mutual consistency on the millimetre level have been inferred from 163 interferograms. The method itself qualifies by reliability and rigorous geometric modelling of the orbital error signal but does not consider interfering large scale deformation effects. However, a separation may be feasible in a combined processing with persistent scatterer approaches or by temporal filtering of the estimates.  相似文献   

Strategies to mitigate aliasing of loading signals while estimating GPS frame parameters   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

Xavier?CollilieuxEmail author  Tonie?van?Dam  Jim?Ray  David?Coulot  Laurent?Métivier  Zuheir?Altamimi 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(1):1-14

Although GNSS techniques are theoretically sensitive to the Earth center of mass, it is often preferable to remove intrinsic origin and scale information from the estimated station positions since they are known to be affected by systematic errors. This is usually done by estimating the parameters of a linearized similarity transformation which relates the quasi-instantaneous frames to a long-term frame such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). It is well known that non-linear station motions can partially alias into these parameters. We discuss in this paper some procedures that may allow reducing these aliasing effects in the case of the GPS techniques. The options include the use of well-distributed sub-networks for the frame transformation estimation, the use of site loading corrections, a modification of the stochastic model by downweighting heights, or the joint estimation of the low degrees of the deformation field. We confirm that the standard approach consisting of estimating the transformation over the whole network is particularly harmful for the loading signals if the network is not well distributed. Downweighting the height component, using a uniform sub-network, or estimating the deformation field perform similarly in drastically reducing the amplitude of the aliasing effect. The application of these methods to reprocessed GPS terrestrial frames permits an assessment of the level of agreement between GPS and our loading model, which is found to be about 1.5 mm WRMS in height and 0.8 mm WRMS in the horizontal at the annual frequency. Aliased loading signals are not the main source of discrepancies between loading displacement models and GPS position time series.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Mission design,operation and exploitation of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission     

Rune?FloberghagenEmail author  Michael?Fehringer  Daniel?Lamarre  Danilo?Muzi  Bj?rn?Frommknecht  Christoph?Steiger  Juan?Pi?eiro  Andrea?da?Costa 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(3):241-241

  相似文献   

基于累积相似度表面的空间权重矩阵构建方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨康  李满春  刘永学  程亮  陈焱明 《测绘学报》2012,41(2):259-265,272

将地理要素相似度定义为属性相似度与空间相似度,提出累积相似度表面的概念,引入曲线演化理论和快速行进方法生成累积相似度表面,构建空间权重矩阵。通过趋势面模拟数据与ASTER GDEM数字高程模型数据的实验分析证明,相比于利用欧氏距离等距离测度方法,通过累积相似度表面构建的空间权重矩阵综合考虑了地理要素的属性相似度与空间相似度,体现了地理要素的局部空间特征,能够更为准确地描述地理要素空间特征变化趋势。  相似文献   

数字调绘在DLG数据更新中的应用     

熊康军  张俊 《东北测绘》2012,(3):172-173,177

随着测绘技术的迅猛发展,内业处理已全面进入数字化阶段,但传统的外业调绘方式已经成为地理信息数据快速更新的“瓶颈”,不能完全满足现代测绘的需要。本文总结了数字调绘系统与传统调绘方法的各自优缺点,设计了一种数字调绘系统。该系统作为一个易操作的平台,降低了劳动强度,提高了数据精度,节约了生产成本。数字调绘为地理信息数据的快速更新提取提供了一种较好的技术手段,必将是今后航测外业的发展方向。  相似文献   

Effects of the low-frequency zonal wind variation on the high frequency atmospheric variability over the tropics     

K. P. Sooraj  Daehyun Kim  Jong-Seong Kug  Sang-Wook Yeh  Fei-Fei Jin  In-Sik Kang 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(4):495-507

Recently, there is increasing evidence on the interaction of atmospheric high-frequency (HF) variability with climatic low-frequency (LF) variability. In this study, we examine this relationship of HF variability with large scale circulation using idealized experiments with an aqua-planet Atmospheric GCM (with zonally uniform SST), run in different zonal momentum forcing scenarios. The effect of large scale circulation changes to the HF variability is demonstrated here. The HF atmospheric variability is enhanced over the westerly forced region, through easterly vertical shear. Our study also manifests that apart from the vertical wind shear, strong low-level convergence and horizontal zonal wind shear are also important for enhancing the HF variance. This is clearly seen in the eastern part of the forcing, where the HF activity shows relatively maximum increase, in spite of similar vertical shear over the forced regions. The possible implications for multi-scale interaction (e.g. MJO–ENSO interaction) are also discussed.  相似文献   

Advance and prospectus of seasonal prediction: assessment of the APCC/CliPAS 14-model ensemble retrospective seasonal prediction (1980–2004)     

Bin Wang  June-Yi Lee  In-Sik Kang  J. Shukla  C.-K. Park  A. Kumar  J. Schemm  S. Cocke  J.-S. Kug  J.-J. Luo  T. Zhou  B. Wang  X. Fu  W.-T. Yun  O. Alves  E. K. Jin  J. Kinter  B. Kirtman  T. Krishnamurti  N. C. Lau  W. Lau  P. Liu  P. Pegion  T. Rosati  S. Schubert  W. Stern  M. Suarez  T. Yamagata 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(1):93-117

We assessed current status of multi-model ensemble (MME) deterministic and probabilistic seasonal prediction based on 25-year (1980–2004) retrospective forecasts performed by 14 climate model systems (7 one-tier and 7 two-tier systems) that participate in the Climate Prediction and its Application to Society (CliPAS) project sponsored by the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC). We also evaluated seven DEMETER models’ MME for the period of 1981–2001 for comparison. Based on the assessment, future direction for improvement of seasonal prediction is discussed. We found that two measures of probabilistic forecast skill, the Brier Skill Score (BSS) and Area under the Relative Operating Characteristic curve (AROC), display similar spatial patterns as those represented by temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) score of deterministic MME forecast. A TCC score of 0.6 corresponds approximately to a BSS of 0.1 and an AROC of 0.7 and beyond these critical threshold values, they are almost linearly correlated. The MME method is demonstrated to be a valuable approach for reducing errors and quantifying forecast uncertainty due to model formulation. The MME prediction skill is substantially better than the averaged skill of all individual models. For instance, the TCC score of CliPAS one-tier MME forecast of Niño 3.4 index at a 6-month lead initiated from 1 May is 0.77, which is significantly higher than the corresponding averaged skill of seven individual coupled models (0.63). The MME made by using 14 coupled models from both DEMETER and CliPAS shows an even higher TCC score of 0.87. Effectiveness of MME depends on the averaged skill of individual models and their mutual independency. For probabilistic forecast the CliPAS MME gains considerable skill from increased forecast reliability as the number of model being used increases; the forecast resolution also increases for 2 m temperature but slightly decreases for precipitation. Equatorial Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies are primary sources of atmospheric climate variability worldwide. The MME 1-month lead hindcast can predict, with high fidelity, the spatial–temporal structures of the first two leading empirical orthogonal modes of the equatorial SST anomalies for both boreal summer (JJA) and winter (DJF), which account for about 80–90% of the total variance. The major bias is a westward shift of SST anomaly between the dateline and 120°E, which may potentially degrade global teleconnection associated with it. The TCC score for SST predictions over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean reaches about 0.68 with a 6-month lead forecast. However, the TCC score for Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index drops below 0.40 at a 3-month lead for both the May and November initial conditions due to the prediction barriers across July, and January, respectively. The MME prediction skills are well correlated with the amplitude of Niño 3.4 SST variation. The forecasts for 2 m air temperature are better in El Niño years than in La Niña years. The precipitation and circulation are predicted better in ENSO-decaying JJA than in ENSO-developing JJA. There is virtually no skill in ENSO-neutral years. Continuing improvement of the one-tier climate model’s slow coupled dynamics in reproducing realistic amplitude, spatial patterns, and temporal evolution of ENSO cycle is a key for long-lead seasonal forecast. Forecast of monsoon precipitation remains a major challenge. The seasonal rainfall predictions over land and during local summer have little skill, especially over tropical Africa. The differences in forecast skills over land areas between the CliPAS and DEMETER MMEs indicate potentials for further improvement of prediction over land. There is an urgent need to assess impacts of land surface initialization on the skill of seasonal and monthly forecast using a multi-model framework.  相似文献   

河西走廊一次区域性大风强沙尘暴天气诊断   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

程鹏  李光林  刘抗  张培燕  杨晓军  宋秀玲 《干旱气象》2009,27(3):245-249

应用常规和自动加密站观测资料,对2009年4月29日发生在河西走廊的一次区域性强沙尘暴天气过程,从天气学成因、物理量要素等方面进行了诊断分析.结果表明:这是一次冷锋后大风引发的沙尘暴;沙尘暴发生在强气压梯度区;地面气象要素对冷锋过境及沙尘暴爆发有强烈反应,可以在沙尘暴预报中作为一个参考依据;沙尘暴爆发区低层辐合,高层辐散,有明显的上升运动;锋生函数和螺旋度对沙尘暴爆发区有较好的指示意义.  相似文献   

2009年7月8-9日泰安市暴雨成因分析     

康桂红  郝兰春  袁超  边智  徐长山 《气象与环境科学》2009,32(Z1)

2009年7月8-9日发生在泰安的暴雨天气过程主要是在副高西进北抬、副高边缘西南暖湿气流与高空低槽东移南压相结合的大尺度环流下,由黄河北部的低层中尺度切变线和鲁中地区的小低涡以及低空西南急流共同作用造成的.低空西南急流为大暴雨的产生输送了充足的水汽,低涡加大了辐合上升运动和水汽辐合.850 hPa低空大气散度辐合中心正处于泰安,垂直速度强上升区也在鲁中地区,为暴雨产生提供了足够的动力条件,低层850 hPa假相当位温θse＞75 ℃的高能舌为这次暴雨提供了不稳定能量.  相似文献   

From brightening to dimming in sunshine duration over the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau (1961–2005)     

Qinglong You  Shichang Kang  Wolfgang-Albert Flügel  Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo  Yuping Yan  Jie Huang  Javier Martin-Vide 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,101(3-4):445-457

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) with an average elevation of over 4,000 m asl is the highest and most extensive highland in the world. We used monthly mean sunshine duration from the Chinese Meteorological Administration to examine the spatial and temporal variability of sunshine duration at 71 stations with elevations above 2,000 m asl in the eastern and central TP during the 1961–2005 period. The temporal evolution of the mean annual sunshine duration series shows a significant increase from 1961 to 1982 at a rate of 49.8 h/decade, followed by a decrease from 1983 to 2005 at a rate of ?65.1 h/decade, with an overall significant decrease at a rate of ?20.6 h/decade during the whole 1961–2005 period, which is mainly due to the summer and spring seasons. This confirms the evidence that sunshine duration in the TP ranges from brightening to dimming in accordance with sunshine duration trends in the rest of China. The surface solar radiation downwards from ERA-40 reanalysis data in the same region confirms the brightening/dimming phenomenon shown by the sunshine duration before/after the 1980s. Otherwise, additional climatic variables such as low cloud amount, total cloud amount, precipitation, relative humidity and water vapor pressure, in most cases, exhibit significant negative correlation with sunshine duration in the TP on an annual and seasonal basis before and after 1982, respectively. The trends of these variables suggest that changes in some of them might be related to the brightening and dimming detected with the use of sunshine duration measurements over the TP. We also hypothesize that the impact of anthropogenic aerosols upon the climatic variables analyzed cannot be rejected, especially in the significant increase in low cloud cover since approximately 1980.  相似文献