Estimation of seasonal crop water consumption in a vineyard using Bowen ratio‐energy balance method     

B. Z. Zhang  S. Z. Kang  L. Zhang  T. S. Du  S. E Li  X. Y. Yang 《水文研究》2007,21(26):3635-3641

Information about seasonal crop water consumption is useful to develop the appropriate irrigation scheme. Measurements of energy balance components using the Bowen ratio method were made for a complete growing season at a vineyard in the arid region of northwest China. Vine in the experiment was furrow‐irrigated using a trellis system. The measured evapotranspiration was compared with estimates using the soil water balance method. It is shown that the Bowen ratio method provided accurate estimates of evapotranspiration from the vineyard and this requires that the Bowen ratio system is appropriately installed. The energy balance components showed typical diurnal pattern with peaks that occurred around the midday, except for the ground heat flux which delayed its peak by 2–3 h. The sensible heat flux was greater than the latent heat flux and followed the net radiation closely. The ratio of the latent heat flux to net radiation was low in the early growing season and increased over time. Under the limited irrigation experienced in the vineyard, the latent heat flux was controlled by available soil moisture and the total evapotranspiration in the growing season was 253 mm. The seasonal progression of the crop coefficient is similar to that reported in the literature, with the maximum occurring during the month of September. The crop coefficient can be estimated as a non‐linear function of day of year (DOY) and used to estimate evapotranspiration from vineyards in the region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ESTIMATE OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS IN CHINA BY CLIMATE-BASED NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY     

KANG Guo-ding    CAI Zu-cong  ZHANG Zi-heng    XIAO Peng-feng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(4):326-331

1INTRODUCTIONIrrigated ricefieldsarecharacterizedbylargespatialandtemporalvariationsin CH4 emissiontotheatmo-sphere.Accordingly,thereisagreatuncertaintyintheestimate ofCH4 emissionsfromricefields.GreateffortshavebeenmadetoestimatetheCH4 emissionsfromricefieldsandseveralapproacheshavebeendeveloped.TherepresentativemethodsincludetheIPCC(Inter-governmentPanelofClimateChange)region-specificemissionfactormethodandthemodelcalculationmethod.Toimprovethecalculationaccuracy,theIPCCmethodreq…  相似文献   

Effects of frictional forces acting on sidewalls of buried box culverts     

Junsuk Kang  Frazier Parker  Young J. Kang  Chai H. Yoo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(3):289-306

The effects of frictional forces acting on the sidewalls of buried box culverts are presented as determined with finite element method (FEM) and detailed soil modelling. The possibility of reducing earth pressure on deeply buried concrete box culverts by the imperfect trench installation (ITI) method has been contemplated during the last several decades. There have been limited research results published primarily regarding the qualitative aspect of load reduction in ITIs. It was found during the course of this study that significant frictional forces develop along the sidewalls of box culverts and adjacent sidefills in ITIs. Current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials provisions do not consider these frictional forces, but they cannot be neglected in ITIs, as their effect is dominant. An optimum geometry for the soft zone in ITIs is presented to maximize earth load reductions. The soil–structure interaction at the box culvert–soil interface was found to have a significant effect on total earth pressure acting on the bottom slab. Predictor equations for earth load reduction rates were formulated for ITIs incorporating the optimum soft zone geometry based on the FEM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the origin of the dichotomy of early-type galaxies: the role of dry mergers and active galactic nucleus feedback     

X. Kang  Frank C. van den Bosch  A. Pasquali 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(1):389-400

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Effect of abalone farming on sediment geochemistry in the Shallow Sea near Wando,South Korea     

Jeongwon Kang  Yeon Gyu Lee  Da Un Jeong  Jung Sick Lee  Yang Ho Choi  Yun Kyung Shin 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(4):669-682

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工业相机在历史航片数字化中的应用     

张君华  凌春丽  杨勇  王友昆 《测绘通报》2021,(3):105-108

航空摄影胶片作为历史档案的一种,详细地记录了城市规模、设施等地貌信息变迁。因胶片材质保质期有限,有必要将其进行数字化永久保存。传统的扫描手段效率过低,随着一亿及以上像素的工业级别相机的诞生,使得拍照代替扫描成为可能。本文采用自行制作高精度大幅面胶片翻拍仪,通过精确校检获取准确改正参数,并结合计算机后处理,完成了昆明市2期约8500张历史航空摄影胶片的数字化试验,成果各项指标均符合要求,达到了项目预期目的。  相似文献   

东北地区水稻障碍型低温冷害变化对区域气候增暖的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡春丽  李辑  焦敏  王婉昭  李晶  李菲 《气象科技》2015,43(4):744-749

利用东北地区153个气象站1961—2010年逐日气温资料,采用统计学方法分析了水稻障碍型低温冷害的气候变化特征及其对区域气候变暖的响应情况。结果表明,东北大部地区水稻障碍型低温冷害事件呈减少趋势,但区域性较为明显;障碍型低温冷害对关键发育期气温变化响应较为敏感,二者呈显著的负相关关系,表现为气温每升高1 ℃,东北地区冷害减少35个站次。东北地区关键发育期气温均呈上升趋势,但吉林西部地区障碍型冷害却随之增加,分析了关键发育期气温变率和气候变率,将其解释为局地障碍型冷害增加主要受气候变率增大的影响,逐日气温变率对其影响不大。  相似文献   

Interdecadal changes in summer TC activity in East China Sea     

Ki-Seon Choi  Yu-Mi Cha  Sung-Dae Kang  Hae-Dong Kim 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,120(1-2):11-18

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商丘近44年蒸发量变化及其影响因子分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

徐凤梅  余卫东  康邵钧 《气象科技》2007,35(4):500-502

利用商丘市8个台站1961~2004年的20 cm口径蒸发皿资料,进行蒸发量的年际变化、年代际变化、季节变化以及月分布的分析,结果显示蒸发量存在显著的减少趋势。年际间减少趋势通过了99%的置信度水平,各季节蒸发量以春季和夏季减少最为明显。同时还分析了近44年来日照、风速和温度的变化趋势,并计算了这些气象因子与蒸发量变化的相关系数。分析表明日照时数减少和风速减小是造成商丘市蒸发量下降的主要因素,而气温上升对蒸发量的影响不十分明显。  相似文献   

地面气象站环境变化对气温序列均一性影响   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

吴利红  康丽莉  陈海燕  马仙妹 《气象科技》2007,35(1):152-156

为研究浙江省地面气象站环境变化对气温序列均一性的影响程度,采用测站历史沿革资料,对全省测站环境的时空演变进行了分析。采用距平累加、偏差界限值、F值检验法,对36个代表站的年平均气温序列进行均一性检验,并对非均一性产生的原因进行分析。结果表明:1971~2004年,浙江省测站的地理环境有显著改变;36站中有39%的测站为非均一性,产生非均一性的测站中,迁站原因占57%,环境恶化占36%;测站迁站引起的非均一性多发生在1980年以后;测站迁站时,新旧站址海拔高度差大且地理环境差异显著是造成气温序列非均一性的主要原因,迁站后气温序列较旧址存在偏高或偏低现象,其值对累年平均值有影响。指出了测站在迁移或环境变化过程中应注意的事项,以助于减少气温序列非均一性。  相似文献