Variation in levels of cytochrome P4501A, 2B, 2E, 3A and 4A-immunopositive proteins in digestive gland of indigenous and transplanted mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in Venice Lagoon, Italy     

L. D. Peters  C. Nasci  D. R. Livingstone 《Marine environmental research》1998,46(1-5)

Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland microsomes were prepared from (i) indigenous populations sampled from a clean reference (Lido) and an urban-contaminated site (Salute) and (ii) mussels transplanted for up to 3 weeks from Lido to an industrial-contaminated site (CVE) in Venice Lagoon, Italy. Western blot analysis was performed using antibodies to five mammalian or fish CYP forms (1A, 2B, 2E, 3A, 4A). Simultaneously run M. edulis digestive gland partially purified CYP aided identification of immunopositive bands. Levels of CYP1A, CYP2E, and CYP4A-immunopositive proteins were 50 to 300% higher in indigenous M. galloprovincialis from Salute compared to Lido (p < 0.05). Three weeks after transplantation to CVE, levels of only the CYP1A-immunopositive protein were determined to be higher (63%) than levels for Lido (p < 0.05), indicating that anti-CYP1A shows greater specificity for a contaminant-inducible CYP form than the other antibodies.  相似文献   

Geoweb Services for Sharing Modelling Results in Biodiversity Networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Karla Donato Fook  Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro  Gilberto Câmara  Marco Antônio Casanova  Silvana Amaral 《Transactions in GIS》2009,13(4):379-399

Biodiversity researchers in different institutions deal with predictive models for species distribution. These models are useful for biodiversity conservation policies. Species distribution modelling tools need large datasets from different sources and use many algorithms. To improve biodiversity science, scientists need to share models, data and results, and should be able to reproduce experiments from others. This article presents a geoweb service architecture that supports sharing of modelling results and enables researchers to perform new modelling experiments. We show the feasibility of the proposed architecture by developing a set of prototype services, called Web Biodiversity Collaborative Modelling Services – WBCMS. They provide a set of geospatial web services that support the sharing of species distribution models. The article includes an example of a model instance that explains the WBCMS prototype. We believe that WBCMS shows how to set up a cooperative research network on biodiversity research.  相似文献   

Particle sieving and sorting under simulated martian conditions     

Luther W. Beegle  Gregory H. Peters  Rohit Bhartia  Luke Sollitt 《Icarus》2009,204(2):687-696

We report on sorting of small grained material under simulated martian conditions in order to better understand the nature of particle movement in the acquisition-to-analysis chain for future martian missions. We find that triboelectric charging when material is sieved is a major phenomenon that has to be understood and mitigation strategies explored in order to be able to successfully move particles under these types of conditions while minimizing cross sample talk. In different experimental set-ups, we have observed such phenomena as caking of the sieve, adhesion of particles to hardware, clodding of dry fines, and electrostatic repulsion. These phenomena occur when different experimental testing is performed with varied configurations and environmental conditions. Identifying these electrostatic effects can help us understand potential bias in the analytical instruments and to define the best operational protocols to collect samples on the surface of Mars. These experiments demonstrate the need for end-to-end system testing under the most realistic environmental conditions and platforms before mission configurations can be demonstrated before launch.  相似文献   

“Galileo Galilei” (GG) a small satellite to test the equivalence principle of Galileo, Newton and Einstein     

Anna M. Nobili  Gian Luca Comandi  Suresh Doravari  Donato Bramanti  Rajeev Kumar  Francesco Maccarrone  Erseo Polacco  Slava G. Turyshev  Michael Shao  John Lipa  Hansjoerg Dittus  Claus Laemmerzhal  Achim Peters  Jurgen Mueller  C. S. Unnikrishnan  Ian W. Roxburgh  Alain Brillet  Christian Marchal  Jun Luo  Jozef van der Ha  Vadim Milyukov  Valerio Iafolla  David Lucchesi  Paolo Tortora  Paolo De Bernardis  Federico Palmonari  Sergio Focardi  Dino Zanello  Salvatore Monaco  Giovanni Mengali  Luciano Anselmo  Lorenzo Iorio  Zoran Knezevic 《Experimental Astronomy》2009,23(2):689-710

“Galileo Galilei” (GG) is a small satellite designed to fly in low Earth orbit with the goal of testing the Equivalence Principle—which is at the basis of the General Theory of Relativity—to 1 part in 10¹⁷. If successful, it would improve current laboratory results by 4 orders of magnitude. A confirmation would strongly constrain theories; proof of violation is believed to lead to a scientific revolution. The experiment design allows it to be carried out at ambient temperature inside a small 1-axis stabilized satellite (250 kg total mass). GG is under investigation at Phase A-2 level by ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) at Thales Alenia Space in Torino, while a laboratory prototype (known as GGG) is operational at INFN laboratories in Pisa, supported by INFN (Istituto Nazionale di fisica Nucleare) and ASI. A final study report will be published in 2009.  相似文献   

Searching for metadata using knowledge bases and topic maps in Spatial Data Infrastructures   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Odilon Corrêa da Silva  Jugurta Lisboa-Filho  José Luís Braga  Karla A. V. Borges 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(4):235-247

Concern for environmental issues has become a reality in all sectors of society, mainly among researchers and professionals who work directly with environmental status. In this context, several studies have been undertaken on sustainable development of the Brazilian Amazon, generating a large amount of data and information. Environmental area characterization involves the knowledge about their natural, economic and social resources, as well as understanding the interaction and correlation among them. Such interdisciplinary character requires new solutions for knowledge representation. This study proposes to minimize metadata recovery problems in Spatial Data Infrastructures by using Topic Maps and Thesaurus. This approach applied to an interface aims to allow users to visually recover information from metadata catalogs.  相似文献   

Sedimentary and foraminiferal records of Late Quaternary environmental change west of Ireland and implications for the last British–Irish Ice Sheet     

Jared L. Peters  Sara Benetti  Paul Dunlop  Andrew J. Wheeler 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(5):609-624

Palaeoenvironmental change following deglaciation of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet on the continental shelf west of Ireland was investigated using multiproxy analyses of sediment and foraminifera data from nine sediment cores. Lithofacies associations record various depositional regimes across the shelf, which evolve from subglacial to postglacial conditions. Census data provide the first characterisation of benthic foraminifera populations across the continental shelf and multivariate analyses reveal three distinct biotopes. Biomineralization within these biotopes is restricted to ≤21 200 cal a bp by four radiocarbon ages. The transition from glacial to postglacial benthic foraminifera populations near the shelf break marks the establishment of productive, nutrient-rich, ice-distal conditions at ~20 900 cal a bp ; these conditions may also mark the start of favourable conditions for postglacial cold-water coral growth. Postglacial conditions on the inner shelf were not established until <14 500 cal a bp , suggesting glacial conditions west of Ireland may have persisted into the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial.  相似文献   

Impacts of future climate on the hydrology of a northern headwaters basin and its implications for a downstream deltaic ecosystem     

Prabin Rokaya  Daniel L. Peters  Mohamed Elshamy  Sujata Budhathoki  Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt 《水文研究》2020,34(7):1630-1646

Anthropogenic and climatic-induced changes to flow regimes pose significant risks to river systems. Northern rivers and their deltas are particularly vulnerable due to the disproportionate warming of the Northern Hemisphere compared with the Southern Hemisphere. Of special interest is the Peace–Athabasca Delta (PAD) in western Canada, a productive deltaic lake and wetland ecosystem, which has been recognized as a Ramsar site. Both climate- and regulation-induced changes to the hydrological regime of the Peace River have raised concerns over the delta's ecological health. With the damming of the headwaters, the role of downstream unregulated tributaries has become more important in maintaining, to a certain degree, a natural flow regime, particularly during open-water conditions. However, their flow contributions to the mainstem river under future climatic conditions remain largely uncertain. In this study, we first evaluated the ability of a land-surface hydrological model to simulate hydro-ecological relevant indicators, highlighting the model's strengths and weaknesses. Then, we investigated the streamflow conditions in the Smoky River, the largest unregulated tributary of the Peace River, in the 2071–2100 versus the 1981–2010 periods. Our modelling results revealed significant changes in the hydrological regime of the Smoky River, such as increased discharge in winter (+190%) and spring (+130%) but reduced summer flows (−33%) in the 2071–2100 period compared with the baseline period, which will have implications for the sustainability of the downstream PAD. In particular, the projected reductions in 30-day and 90-day maximum flows in the Smoky River will affect open-water flooding, which is important in maintaining lake levels and connectivity to perimeter delta wetlands in the Peace sector of the PAD. The evaluation of breakup and freeze-up flows for the 2071–2100 period showed mixed implications for the ice-jam flooding, which is essential for recharging high-elevation deltaic basins. Thus, despite projected increase in annual and spring runoff in the 2071–2100 period from the Smoky sub-basin, the sustainability of the PAD still remains uncertain.  相似文献   

Drivers of change in Brazil’s carbon dioxide emissions     

Manfred Lenzen  Roberto Schaeffer  Jonas Karstensen  Glen P. Peters 《Climatic change》2013,121(4):815-824

Brazil’s economic development has been underpinned by a diverse and – in a global comparison – unusual set of energy carriers, notably hydroelectricity and ethanol from sugar cane. Its energy mix makes Brazil one of the least energy-related carbon-intensive economies worldwide. Given that the country is fast becoming one of the world’s economic powerhouses, decision-makers need to understand the drivers underlying past and current carbon dioxide emissions trends. We therefore investigate a) which key long-term drivers have led to Brazil’s unique emissions profile, and b) the implications of these drivers for Brazil’s national policies. We show that Brazil’s emissions are growing mainly due to increasing individual standards of living, exports and population size, and that this growth is so far unchallenged by technological and structural improvements toward lower emissions intensities and more efficient production structures. As these trends are likely to continue amidst growing international pressure on key economies to reduce their carbon emissions, a decoupling of drivers from emissions is needed to simultaneously meet development and environmental goals.  相似文献   

Affluence drives the global displacement of land use   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jan Weinzettel  Edgar G. Hertwich  Glen P. Peters  Kjartan Steen-Olsen  Alessandro Galli 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(2):433-438

Increasing affluence is often postulated as a main driver for the human footprint on biologically productive areas, identified among the main causes of biodiversity loss, but causal relationships are obscured by international trade. Here, we trace the use of land and ocean area through international supply chains to final consumption, modeling agricultural, food, and forestry products on a high level of resolution while also including the land requirements of manufactured goods and services. In 2004, high-income countries required more biologically productive land per capita than low-income countries, but this connection could only be identified when land used to produce internationally traded products was taken into account, because higher-income countries tend to displace a larger fraction of land use. The equivalent land and ocean area footprint of nations increased by a third for each doubling of income, with all variables analyzed on a per capita basis. This increase came largely from imports, which increased proportionally to income. Export depended mostly on the capacity of countries to produce useful biomass, the biocapacity. Our analysis clearly shows that countries with a high biocapacity per capita tend to spare more land for nature. Biocapacity per capita can be increased through more intensive production or by reducing population density. The net displacement of land use from high-income to low-income countries amounted to 6% of the global land demand, even though high-income countries had more land available per capita than low-income countries. In particular, Europe and Japan placed high pressure on ecosystems in lower-income countries.  相似文献   

Classification of Thermal Patterns at Karst Springs and Cave Streams   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrew J. Luhmann  Matthew D. Covington  Andrew J. Peters  Scott C. Alexander  Cale T. Anger  Jeffrey A. Green  Anthony C. Runkel  E. Calvin Alexander Jr. 《Ground water》2011,49(3):324-335

Thermal patterns of karst springs and cave streams provide potentially useful information concerning aquifer geometry and recharge. Temperature monitoring at 25 springs and cave streams in southeastern Minnesota has shown four distinct thermal patterns. These patterns can be divided into two types: those produced by flow paths with ineffective heat exchange, such as conduits, and those produced by flow paths with effective heat exchange, such as small fractures and pore space. Thermally ineffective patterns result when water flows through the aquifer before it can equilibrate to the rock temperature. Thermally ineffective patterns can be either event‐scale, as produced by rainfall or snowmelt events, or seasonal scale, as produced by input from a perennial surface stream. Thermally effective patterns result when water equilibrates to rock temperature, and the patterns displayed depend on whether the aquifer temperature is changing over time. Shallow aquifers with seasonally varying temperatures display a phase‐shifted seasonal signal, whereas deeper aquifers with constant temperatures display a stable temperature pattern. An individual aquifer may display more than one of these patterns. Since karst aquifers typically contain both thermally effective and ineffective routes, we argue that the thermal response is strongly influenced by recharge mode.  相似文献