Wetland Accretion Rate Model of Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER) and Its Application to Habitat Sustainability for Endangered Species in the San Francisco Estuary     

Kathleen M. Swanson  Judith Z. Drexler  David H. Schoellhamer  Karen M. Thorne  Mike L. Casazza  Cory T. Overton  John C. Callaway  John Y. Takekawa 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(2):476-492

Salt marsh faunas are constrained by specific habitat requirements for marsh elevation relative to sea level and tidal range. As sea level rises, changes in relative elevation of the marsh plain will have differing impacts on the availability of habitat for marsh obligate species. The Wetland Accretion Rate Model for Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER) is a 1-D model of elevation that incorporates both biological and physical processes of vertical marsh accretion. Here, we use WARMER to evaluate changes in marsh surface elevation and the impact of these elevation changes on marsh habitat for specific species of concern. Model results were compared to elevation-based habitat criteria developed for marsh vegetation, the endangered California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), and the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) to determine the response of marsh habitat for each species to predicted >1-m sea-level rise by 2100. Feedback between vertical accretion mechanisms and elevation reduced the effect of initial elevation in the modeled scenarios. Elevation decreased nonlinearly with larger changes in elevation during the latter half of the century when the rate of sea-level rise increased. Model scenarios indicated that changes in elevation will degrade habitat quality within salt marshes in the San Francisco Estuary, and degradation will accelerate in the latter half of the century as the rate of sea-level rise accelerates. A sensitivity analysis of the model results showed that inorganic sediment accumulation and the rate of sea-level rise had the greatest influence over salt marsh sustainability.  相似文献   

Sustainability,natural capital,engineering, and geology: a case study of Coles County,IL, USA     

Kathleen M. Bower 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(3):549-563

If sustainable development planning for Coles County, IL, USA, had been done in 1830, planners would not have been able to predict changing technology allowing more efficient use of existing natural capital. Planning for sustainability should include the geology, current and historic uses of natural capital, and consideration of changing population and technology. Coles County has glacial and alluvial deposits underlain by bedrock of the Illinois Basin. Discussion with local experts and inspection of current and historic records determined the current and historic use of natural capital of Coles County. Land initially attracted humans to water and fertile soil supporting plants and animals. Fertile soil and water continue to support agricultural activity today. The two largest communities rely on surface water for water supply. Sand, gravel, and limestone are quarried. Coal has been mined in the past. Petroleum drilling is on the third pass as technology and demand have changed. Technologic changes have allowed the county to develop new and more efficient ways of using natural capital leading to continued use of resources in the county.  相似文献   

The archaeology of geological catastrophes     

Kathleen Nicoll 《Geoarchaeology》2003,18(3):403-405

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Eco-districts in France: What tools to ensure goals achievement?     

Boquet  Kathleen  Froitier  Charline  Li  Jinhui  Xu  Kaihua  Zeng  Xianlai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(6):865-874

Globally, to build cities and communities more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable is one of the most important sustainable development goals. Eco-districts in cities emerged as an answer to current global environmental concerns and have been developed in France since the 1990s. The objective of this work is to gather operational feedback from sustainable neighborhood projects owners to better understand the key barriers of such projects and how to overcome them. A case study of the eco-district Les Tanneries, Lingolsheim showed that the carbon footprint of each inhabitant annually amounted to 4 tons CO_2 equivalent, more than half of the French average. Rooms for improvements were clearly identified regarding transports and food carbon footprint. Indicators for energy consumption, social diversity and density reached the level of the eco-districts average. A governance review pointed out some superior practices such as the formalization of a specification requirements handbook, a competition between project management teams, and the use of neighborhood sustainability assessment tools to measure and track changes in performance. The validated tools and obtained results can be useful in building sustainable cities and even China's ecological civilization.  相似文献   

Coral reef fishing and coral-algal phase shifts: implications for global reef status   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

McManus  John W.; Menez  Lambert A. B.; Kesner-Reyes  Kathleen N.; Vergara  Sheila G.; Ablan  M. C. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(3):572-578

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Archaeological site distribution by geomorphic setting in the southern lower Cuyahoga River Valley,northeastern Ohio: Initial observations from a GIS database     

Andrew Bauer  Kathleen Nicoll  Lisa Park  Timothy Matney 《Geoarchaeology》2004,19(8):711-729

In this study, we compiled unpublished archival documentation of archaeological site locations from the southern part of the Cuyahoga River Valley in northeastern Ohio, USA, registered at the State of Ohio Historic Preservation Office into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. Using digitized soil shapefiles to generate a geomorphic data layer, we assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of 79 known archaeological sites by landform association. This digital compilation indicates that Woodland period, Late Prehistoric, and Historic sites occur in most geomorphic settings along the river valley. In contrast, Paleoindian and Archaic sites only occur on Wisconsinan cut terraces and in upland interfluve settings, indicating that most of these documented sites are in primary contexts and have not been reworked. We discuss the distribution of archaeological sites in the study region as a function of various factors, including cultural activities, taphonomic processes, landform development, and the nature and extent of the original archaeological surveys. Observed spatial patterns of known sites clearly reflect local geomorphological controls; artifactual contexts from the earlier prehistoric periods are underrepresented in the database. We conclude that additional site surveys, as well as the excavation and documentation of new sites in this part of Ohio, are required to understand local prehistoric economies and to ascertain patterns of culturally mediated land use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Geomorphic influences on the distribution and accumulation of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) following a low severity wildfire in northern New Mexico          下载免费PDF全文

Amy Galanter  Daniel Cadol  Kathleen Lohse 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(10):2207-2218

The distribution, transport, and accumulation of wildfire‐generated pyrogenic carbon (PyC) has important consequences for contaminant transport and carbon cycling, but a conceptual model for PyC accumulation and loss that includes geomorphic processes is lacking. In this study we quantified PyC concentration in soil samples collected from the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico before and after the 2013 Thompson Ridge (TR) fire, and developed a conceptual model describing PyC redistribution. Pre‐fire samples were fortuitously collected 4 years before the TR burn and post‐fire samples were collected at the same locations 15 months following the TR fire. Samples were collected from the O and A horizon, with sites representing a range of slope angle, aspect, burn severity, and geomorphic setting. PyC was determined by a modified chemo‐thermal oxidation method to compare PyC to total organic carbon (TOC). The mean PyC/TOC ratio was significantly higher post‐fire than pre‐fire (0.14 vs 0.12), indicating increased PyC sequestration. O horizon PyC concentrations were more variable and more responsive to fire than the A horizon. Soil horizon, watershed, and geomorphic setting proved to be the most influential factors in predicting PyC concentration changes. PyC concentrations increased most on hillslopes and in low‐severity burn areas, suggesting higher rates of PyC production or post‐fire accumulation. Burn patchiness appears to facilitate PyC accumulation, with lower severity patches trapping PyC mobilized from high severity patches. While PyC content had greater point scale variance following the fire, the fire also homogenized pre‐fire PyC differences between soil horizons and among watersheds within the burn perimeter, differences that appear to develop over time between fires. The O horizon is a larger sink for PyC in the short term following fire, but based on pre‐fire concentrations the A horizon appears to be a more stable sink for PyC. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Use of archaeology to date liquefaction features and seismic events in the New Madrid seismic zone,Central United States     

Martitia P. Tuttle  Robert H. Lafferty  Margaret J. Guccione  Eugene S. Schweig  Neal Lopinot  Robert F. Cande  Kathleen Dyer-Williams  Marion Haynes 《Geoarchaeology》1996,11(6):451-480

Prehistoric earthquake-induced liquefaction features occur in association with Native American occupation horizons in the New Madrid seismic zone. Age control of these liquefaction features, including sand-blow deposits, sand-blow craters, and sand dikes, can be accomplished by extensive sampling and flotation processing of datable materials as well as archaeobotanical analysis of associated archaeological horizons and pits. This approach increases both the amount of carbon for radiocarbon dating and the precision dating of artifact assemblages. Using this approach, we dated liquefaction features at four sites northwest of Blytheville, Arkansas, and found that at least one significant earthquake occurred in the New Madrid seismic zone between A.D. 1180 and 1400, probably about A.D. 1300 ± 100 yr. In addition, we found three buried sand blows that formed between 3340 B.C. and A.D. 780. In this region where very large to great earthquakes appear to be closely timed, archaeology is helping to develop a paleoearthquake chronology for the New Madrid seismic zone. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Nature's clocks: How scientists measure the age of almost everything. Doug Macdougall, 2008, University of California Press,San Diego, 271 pp., $24.95 (hardcover)     

Kathleen Nicoll 《Geoarchaeology》2009,24(6):856-858

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