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11.
Water Resources - Among all hydrological factors, water regime characteristics have always received special attention as integral parameters of the hydrological conditions of a water body, because... 相似文献
12.
The formation and distribution of present-day water resources under the effect of changing climate are studied. Seasonal, annual, and many-year variations in the regime of spring-flood and dry-season runoff of rivers with drainage areas from 2000 to 20000 km2, reflecting the zonal landscape-climatic conditions of runoff formation, are considered. It is shown that various and often contradictory demands of water users to water supply distribution over seasons of the year result in that the entire water management complex depends on not only the total volume of water resources, but also on the water regime characteristics of rivers in different phases of hydrological year. It was established that the climate changes recorded in the recent decades radically change the pattern of space and time variations in runoff characteristics. 相似文献
13.
In this work, the hydrochemical properties of the stratal water of several oil-gas fields of Western Siberia with normal and inverse vertical hydrochemical zonation are discussed. Maps of the injected water distribution, which were created on the basis of high bicarbonate ion concentration in the stratal water (to 30 eq wt %), as well as the computer modeling results of calcite precipitation in stratal water that results from the mixture of two water types: calcium chloride (injected) and sodium bicarbonate (stratal), are given. In addition, the need to consider the hydrochemical type of water when choosing the technique of hydrochemical data processing was established. 相似文献
14.
R. G. Dzhamalov N. L. Frolova G. N. Krichevets T. I. Safronova M. B. Kireeva M. I. Igonina 《Water Resources》2012,39(6):623-639
Variations in the characteristics of the annual, dry-season, and minimal monthly runoff in rivers of European Russia for the recent 35 years (1975?C2005) have been estimated and analyzed in comparison with a period of approximately the same duration (1935?C1969). The genesis of runoff for different river basins and the major causes of current changes in runoff characteristics have been studied. Regional regularities in the hydrological and geohydrological processes have been identified, and zoning of the territory has been performed with identification of specific features in the formation of river runoff in the European North and the basins of the Volga, Don, Ural, etc. The natural resources of surface and subsurface waters over 1970?C2005 have been re-estimated with the construction of appropriate maps. Water availability and load on water resources have been analyzed. 相似文献
15.
The natural-climatic causes of changes in river runoff and seasonal recharge of groundwater in Don basin are considered. Joint
analysis is made of changes in the statistical characteristics of the series of air temperature and precipitation, mean annual
and dry-season-averaged runoff for both the entire observation period and of periods 1940–1969 and 1970–2000 with comparable
durations. The presence of statistically reliable ascending trends in air temperature, precipitation, and dry-season (groundwater)
runoff for period 1970–2005 is demonstrated. Climatic changes in Don basin also have their effect on the formation of extremely
low water in small and medium rivers, including cases of zero runoff. Zoning of the territory by runoff formation conditions
is carried out, and new estimates of natural groundwater resources in Don basin for period 1970–2000 are constructed. Appropriate
maps are compiled. 相似文献
16.
This work discusses the possible ways that the chemical composition of the waters in the crystalline basement within several
southeastern areas of West Siberia may be formed. Based on an analysis of the ratios of the principal components of solutions
(genetic factors), the conclusion is made that some peculiarities of brines contained in the basement cannot be explained
from the standpoint of their sedimentogenic-infiltration genesis. Some of the chloride-calcium solutions, as well as hydrocarbonate-sodium
waters, probably formed as a result of the supply of endogenous fluids with HCl and CO2 into the crystalline rocks of the basement. 相似文献
17.
O. B. Popovicheva M. Kistler E. D. Kireeva N. M. Persiantseva M. A. Timofeev N. K. Shoniya V. M. Kopeikin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(1):49-57
This is a comprehensive study of the physicochemical characterization of multicomponent aerosols in the smoky atmosphere of Moscow during the extreme wildfires of August 2010 and against the background atmosphere of August 2011. Thermal–optical analysis, liquid and ion chromatography, IR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy were used to determine the organic content (OC) and elemental content (EC) of carbon, organic/inorganic and ionic compounds, and biomass burning markers (anhydrosaccharides and the potassium ion) and study the morphology and elemental composition of individual particles. It has been shown that the fires are characterized by an increased OC/EC ratio and high concentrations of ammonium, potassium, and sulfate ions in correlation with an increased content of levoglucosan as a marker of biomass burning. The organic compounds containing carbonyl groups point to the process of photochemical aging and the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the urban atmosphere when aerosols are emitted from forest fires. A cluster analysis of individual particles has indicated that when the smokiest atmosphere is characterized by prevailing soot/tar ball particles, which are smoke-emission micromarkers. 相似文献
18.
E. S. Kazak T. A. Kireeva A. V. Kazak N. N. Bogdanovich 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2017,72(5):368-375
The results of experimental studies on the macro- and microcomponent composition of the ion–salt complex of argillaceous siliceous rocks from the Bazhenov formation of West Siberia are presented. The studies were based on the analysis of samples using a high-resolution mass spectrometer with ionization in inductively coupled plasma, by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, and via the study of water and ammonium extracts from samples with a natural moisture content, as well as after drying. It was established that the composition of the solutions of water extracts from rocks with a natural moisture content belongs to the sulfate- sodium-bicarbonate type with increased content of dissolved silicic acid with weakly alkaline pH values (～9.5) and is considerably different from the content of water extracts from the samples after drying. Sodium dominates in the exchange complex; the cation exchange capacity is 14–19 mg-eq/100 g of rock. A sharp excess of the percentage abundance by 2–10 orders of magnitude was recorded for barium, boron, zinc, vanadium, uranium, and arsenic. The barium content in pore water exceeds the strontium content by a factor of 10, which is anomalous with respect to the reservoir formation waters in the majority of oil fields and to the ocean water. 相似文献
19.
L.?A.?AnisimovEmail author T.?A.?Kireeva K.?I.?Bankin O.?S.?Krasnyashchikh L.?A.?Lyamina 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2017,72(3):215-223
The causes of the spatial variation in the hydrochemical indicators of groundwater in several oil fields in the Surgut arch of West Siberia are considered. On the basis of statistical processing of the database, including several thousand analyses of groundwater, histograms of the distribution of mineralization and concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO 3 ? ions through the main pay horizons of the fields are constructed. The influence of deep (hydrothermal) water inflow on the formation of the chemical composition of the stratum waters of oil fields, which is exhibited by an increasing content of HCO 3 ? ion with depth, is substantiated. 相似文献
20.
T. A. Kireeva 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(1):50-53
This paper discusses the problems of separating the endogenous components of deep groundwater. We suggest utilizing the boron/bromine ratio for determining the endogenous components in groundwater from the lower levels of the sedimentary cover. This paper suggests methods for calculating the boron/bromine and boron/chlorine ratios for brines in ancient platforms, and thermal water in tectonically active regions and in regions of present active volcanism. 相似文献