Comparison of radioactive glasses of scandium and iridium as tracers in sediment-transport studies     

K. Krishnamurthy  S.M. Rao 《Journal of Hydrology》1973,19(3):189-204

This paper attempts to make a systematic comparison of all important criteria for the selection of either scandium-46 or iridium-192 as the radioisotopic glass tracer for bed-load transport studies in rivers and estuaries. This study has been restricted to only these two tracers as they are found to be the only strong contenders for long-range quantitative studies.The discussion leads the authors to the conclusion that except for the transport problem, scandium-46 is preferable to iridium-192 in all other respects.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of the climatological variations of Asian summer monsoon precipitation simulated by 10 GCMs   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

I.-S. Kang  K. Jin  B. Wang  K.-M. Lau  J. Shukla  V. Krishnamurthy  S. Schubert  D. Wailser  W. Stern  A. Kitoh  G. Meehl  M. Kanamitsu  V. Galin  V. Satyan  C.-K. Park  Y. Liu 《Climate Dynamics》2002,19(5-6):383-395

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Integrated studies for characterization of lineaments used to locate groundwater potential zones in a hard rock region of Karnataka, India     

Subash Chandra  V. A. Rao  N. S. Krishnamurthy  S. Dutta  Shakeel Ahmed 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):1042-1051

An integrated study was carried out to investigate the subsurface geological conditions in a hard rock environment, with the aim of identifying zones with groundwater resource potential. The study, in Bairasagara watershed, Karnataka, India, considered geomorphology, water level, resistivity imaging, self potential, total magnetic field and susceptibility. The signatures due to lineaments have been clearly identified and their role in groundwater movement has been documented. Synthetic simulation methods were used to model the electrical response of the lineament using finite differential modeling scheme. The inverted image of the field data is compared with the synthetic image and iteration were performed on the initial model until a best match was obtained resulting on the generation of the calibrated resistivity image of the subsurface. Resistivity imaging revealed that the dykes are weathered/fractured to a depth of 6–8 m and are compact at deeper levels, and that they behave as barriers to groundwater movement, yet facilitate a good groundwater potential zone on the upgradient side. The results of magnetic surveys were utilized in differentiating granites and dolerite dykes with an insignificant resistivity contrast. Geomorphological expression alone cannot reveal the groundwater potential associated with a lineament. However, characterizing the nature of the feature at depth with integrated geophysical methods provides essential information for assessing that potential.The online version of the original article can be found at  相似文献   

Earthquake detection capability of North Indian seismological stations     

B. S. R. Rao  T. K. S. Prakasa Rao  A. S. Krishnamurthy 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1976,114(3):461-467

Summary The relative detection capability of nine seismological stations situated north of 20°N in India has been studied. The best stations were the WWSSN stations NDI and SHL, followed by CHA, DDI, BOK and BHK. The remaining stations CAL, SEH and TOC are inferior in their detection capability.  相似文献   

Impact of LULC change on the runoff,base flow and evapotranspiration dynamics in eastern Indian river basins during 1985–2005 using variable infiltration capacity approach     

Pulakesh Das  Mukunda Dev Behera  Nitesh Patidar  Bhabagrahi Sahoo  Poonam Tripathi  Priti Ranjan Behera  S K Srivastava  Partha Sarathi Roy  Praveen Thakur  S P Agrawal  Y V N Krishnamurthy 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(2):19

As a catchment phenomenon, land use and land cover change (LULCC) has a great role in influencing the hydrological cycle. In this study, decadal LULC maps of 1985, 1995, 2005 and predicted-2025 of the Subarnarekha, Brahmani, Baitarani, Mahanadi and Nagavali River basins of eastern India were analyzed in the framework of the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) macro scale hydrologic model to estimate their relative consequences. The model simulation showed a decrease in ET with 0.0276% during 1985–1995, but a slight increase with 0.0097% during 1995–2005. Conversely, runoff and base flow showed an overall increasing trend with 0.0319 and 0.0041% respectively during 1985–1995. In response to the predicted LULC in 2025, the VIC model simulation estimated reduction of ET with 0.0851% with an increase of runoff by 0.051%. Among the vegetation parameters, leaf area index (LAI) emerged as the most sensitive one to alter the simulated water balance. LULC alterations via deforestation, urbanization, cropland expansions led to reduced canopy cover for interception and transpiration that in turn contributed to overall decrease in ET and increase in runoff and base flow. This study reiterates changes in the hydrology due to LULCC, thereby providing useful inputs for integrated water resources management in the principle of sustained ecology.  相似文献   

Decadal and interannual variability of the Indian Ocean SST     

Lakshmi Krishnamurthy  V. Krishnamurthy 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(1-2):57-70

The variability of the Indian Ocean on interannual and decadal timescales is investigated in observations, coupled model simulation and model experiment. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode was specifically analyzed using a data-adaptive method. This study reveals one decadal mode and two interannual modes in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the IOD. The decadal mode in the IOD is associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) of the North Pacific SST. The two interannual modes are related to the biennial and canonical components of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), consistent with previous studies. This study hypothesizes that the relation between the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific on decadal scale may be through the northerly winds from the western North Pacific. The long simulation of Community Climate System Model version 4 also indicates the presence of IOD modes associated with the decadal PDO and canonical ENSO modes. However, the model fails to simulate the biennial ENSO mode in the Indian Ocean. The relation between the Indian Ocean and North Pacific Ocean is further supported by the regionally de-coupled model experiment.  相似文献   

Teleconnections of Indian monsoon rainfall with AMO and Atlantic tripole     

Lakshmi Krishnamurthy  V. Krishnamurthy 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(7-8):2269-2285

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Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Stand Variable Estimation Using SAR Data     

Varghese Ouseph Alappat  Ashok Kumar Joshi  Y. V. N. Krishnamurthy 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(4):583-589

Optical remote sensing data have been extensively used to derive biophysical properties that relate forest type and composition. However, stand density, stand height and stand volume cannot be estimated directly from optical remote sensing data owing to poor sensitivity between these parameters and spectral reflectance. The ability of microwave energy to penetrate within forest vegetation makes it possible to extract information on both the crown and trunk components from radar data. The type of polarization employed determines the radar response to the various shapes and orientations of the scattering mechanisms within the canopy or trunk. This study mainly presents experimental results obtained with airborne E-SAR using polarimetric C and L bands over the tropical dry deciduous forest of Chandrapur Forest Division, Maharashtra. A detailed documentation of the relationship between SAR C & L bands backscattering and forest stand variables has been provided in the present study through linear correlation. Linear correlation of the single channel SAR derived estimates with the field measured means show a good correlation between L HV backscattering coefficient with stand volume (r² = 0.71) and L HH backscattering coefficient with stand density (r² = 0.75). The results imply that SAR data has significant potential for stand menstruation in operational forestry.  相似文献   

Mangrove (Avicennia marina subsp. australasica) litter production and decomposition in a temperate estuary     

RV Gladstone-Gallagher  CJ Lundquist  CA Pilditch 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):24-37

Mangrove forests can provide important cross-boundary subsidies of organic matter to adjacent habitats through the production, export, decomposition and assimilation of litter. We quantified two of these components in a temperate mangrove forest in Whangamata Harbour, New Zealand: 1) litter production; and 2) decomposition rates as a function of tidal elevation, sediment type and burial depth. Litter traps sampled monthly for a year measured an annual detrital input of 3.24–5.38 t DW ha^?1, of which 77% occurred in summer. Decomposition rates depended on litter type, with leaves decomposing faster (63 d to decay by 50%) than pneumatophore and wood material (316 and 460 d, respectively). Buried leaf and wood litter decomposed 1.3–1.4 times slower than litter on the sediment surface; however, tidal elevation and sediment type (mud vs. sand) had no effect. The slow decay of litter (an order of magnitude slower than tropical mangrove litter) suggests that its incorporation into temperate marine food webs may be relatively slow.  相似文献   

Daily atmospheric variability in the South American monsoon system   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

V. Krishnamurthy  Vasubandhu Misra 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(3-4):803-819

The space–time structure of the daily atmospheric variability in the South American monsoon system has been studied using multichannel singular spectrum analysis of daily outgoing longwave radiation. The three leading eigenmodes are found to have low-frequency variability while four other modes form higher frequency oscillations. The first mode has the same time variability as that of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and exhibits strong correlation with the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). The second mode varies on a decadal time scale with significant correlation with the Atlantic SST suggesting an association with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). The third mode also has decadal variability but shows an association with the SST of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The fourth and fifth modes describe an oscillation that has a period of about 165 days and is associated with the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). The sixth and seventh modes describe an intraseasonal oscillation with a period of 52 days which shows strong relation with the Madden-Julian oscillation. There exists an important difference in the variability of convection between Amazon River Basin (ARB) and central-east South America (CESA). Both regions have similar variations due to ENSO though with higher magnitude in ARB. The AMO-related mode has almost identical variations in the two regions, whereas the PDO-related mode has opposite variations. The interseasonal NAO-related mode also has variations of opposite sign with comparable magnitudes in the two regions. The intraseasonal variability over the CESA is robust while it is very weak over the ARB region. The relative contributions from the low-frequency modes mainly determine the interannual variability of the seasonal mean monsoon although the interseasonal oscillation may contribute in a subtle way during certain years. The intraseasonal variability does not seem to influence the interannual variability in either region.  相似文献