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J. Crummy A. C. Fabian L. Gallo R. R. Ross 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,365(4):1067-1081
We present a large sample of type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) spectra taken with XMM–Newton , and fit them with both the conventional model (a power law and blackbody) and the relativistically blurred photoionized disc reflection model of Ross & Fabian. We find that the disc reflection model is a better fit. The disc reflection model successfully reproduces the continuum shape, including the soft excess, of all the sources. The model also reproduces many features that would conventionally be interpreted as absorption edges. We are able to use the model to infer the properties of the sources, specifically that the majority of black holes in the sample are strongly rotating, and that there is a deficit in sources with an inclination >70°. We conclude that the disc reflection model is an important tool in the study of AGN X-ray spectra. 相似文献
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On the X-ray spectra of luminous, inhomogeneous accretion flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Merloni J. Malzac A. C. Fabian R. R. Ross 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(4):1699-1712
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Matt J. Jarvis Ross J. McLure 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(1):182-188
We have identified two new galaxies with gas counter-rotation (NGC 1596 and 3203) and have confirmed similar behaviour in another one (NGC 128), this using results from separate studies of the ionized-gas and stellar kinematics of a well-defined sample of 30 edge-on disc galaxies. Gas counter-rotators thus represent 10 ± 5 per cent of our sample, but the fraction climbs to 21 ± 11 per cent when only lenticular (S0) galaxies are considered and to 27 ± 13 per cent for S0 galaxies with detected ionized gas only. Those fractions are consistent with but slightly higher than previous studies. A compilation from well-defined studies of S0 galaxies in the literature yields fractions of 15 ± 4 and 23 ± 5 per cent, respectively. Although mainly based on circumstantial evidence, we argue that the counter-rotating gas originates primarily from minor mergers and tidally induced transfer of material from nearby objects. Assuming isotropic accretion, twice those fractions of objects must have undergone similar processes, underlining the importance of (minor) accretion for galaxy evolution. Applications of gas counter-rotators to barred galaxy dynamics are also discussed. 相似文献
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Current knowledge of the chemistry of the stratosphere is reviewed using measurements from the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment to test the accuracy of our treatment of processes at mid-latitudes, and results from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) to examine our understanding of processes for the polar environment. It is shown that, except for some difficulties with N2O5 and possibly ClNO3, gas phase models for nitrogen and chlorine species at 30°N in spring are in excellent agreement with the data from ATMOS. Heterogeneous processes may have an influence on the concentrations of NO2, N2O5, HNO3, and ClNO3 for the lower stratosphere at 48°S in fall. Comparison of model and observed concentrations of O3 indicate good agreement at 30°N, with less satisfactory results at 48°S. The discrepancy between the loss rate of O3 observed over the course of the AAOE mission in 1987 and loss rates calculated using measured concentrations of ClO and BrO is found to be even larger than that reported by Anderson et al. (1989, J. geophys. Res. 94, 11480). There appear to be loss processes for removal of O3 additional to the HOC1 mechanism proposed by Solomon et al. (1986, Nature 321, 755), the ClO-BrO scheme favored by McElroy et al. (1986, Nature 321, 759), and the ClO dimer mechanism introduced by Molina and Molina (1987, J. phys. Chem. 91, 433). There is little doubt that industrial halocarbons have a significant impact on stratospheric O3. Controls on emissions more stringent than those defined by the Montreal Protocol will be required if the Antarctic Ozone Hole is not to persist as a permanent feature of the stratosphere. 相似文献
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