Accumulation of trace elements in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from Pangnirtung in the Baffin Island, Canada     

Agusa T  Nomura K  Kunito T  Anan Y  Iwata H  Tanabe S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):489-499

Nineteen trace elements were determined in liver, muscle, kidney, gonads, and hair of 18 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from Pangnirtung in the Baffin Island, Canada. Concentrations of V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Ag, and Hg in the liver, Co, Cd, and Tl in the kidney, and Ba and Pb in the hair were significantly higher than those in other tissues. Significant positive correlations between Hg concentrations in the hair, and liver, kidney and testis imply usefulness of the hair sample for non-destructive monitoring of Hg in the harp seals. It is suggested that whereas Hg preferentially accumulates in the liver, the accumulation in other tissues is induced at higher hepatic Hg levels. In contrast, Se may not be accumulated in other tissues compared with the liver even at higher hepatic Hg levels because of the presence of excess Se for Hg detoxification in other tissues.  相似文献   

日本南海弧前西端之下俯冲的九州—帕劳海岭的地震构造意义     

J.-O.Park  T.Hori  Y.Kaneda  张洁 《世界地震译丛》2011,(2)

作为菲律宾海板块残余岛弧的九州—帕劳海岭正沿着日本南海海槽的最西端俯冲于欧亚板块之下。沿走向布设的地震反射剖面显示出沿弧前增生楔前缘俯冲的九州—帕劳海岭70km宽的构造影像。地磁异常特征、海底地形特征、广角折射数据和陆地地貌证据等使得我们能够将俯冲海岭在弧前的延伸段一直追踪至九州岛的东部。正在俯冲的九州—帕劳海岭携带有大量冗余物质,可能具有相对较大浮力,因此在深部俯冲时与上覆板块的碰撞具有较大的抗性。有鉴于此,我们推测在俯冲海岭和上覆板块基底的接触区之间存在局部大应力构造。此局部大应力区人们已标出有历史冲断层型中等级别地震(6~7级)。当九州—帕劳海岭俯冲至深部时,漂浮的俯冲海岭其两侧的翼部更容易被撕裂而形成板块破裂。我们认为,俯冲的九州—帕劳海岭在深部不仅起到地震凹凸体的作用,而且产生板块破裂作为地震障碍体抑制邻近的日向段巨大逆冲地震的破裂传播。  相似文献   

Detectability analysis of interplate fault slips in the Nankai subduction thrust using seafloor observation instruments     

Agata  Ryoichiro  Hori  Takane  Ariyoshi  Keisuke  Ichimura  Tsuyoshi 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2019,40(4):453-466

To help the decision making regarding where to locate new observation instruments on the seafloor, we examined the detectability of interplate earthquakes and slow slips in the Nankai subduction thrust in Japan using seafloor observation instruments. Here, the detectability is defined as the smallest magnitude of the interplate fault slip detected by the assumed observation points based on crustal deformation simulation. In the detectability analyses, we considered the effect of sensor drifts that are particularly associated with seafloor observations. In addition, we introduced high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) finite element modeling of crustal deformation to consider the effect of the topography and 3D heterogeneous crustal structure around the Nankai Trough. The results of the detectability analyses show that introducing new seafloor stations for tilt observation in the Nankai region should increase the detectability of small- or medium-sized interplate earthquakes and slow slips significantly. Based on the obtained results, we also discuss the advantage of both the existing and the new observation instruments in detecting interplate fault slips.

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Cold air formation and advection over Eurasia during “dzud” cold disaster winters in Mongolia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshihiro Iijima  Masatake E. Hori 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(1):45-56

Large negative temperature anomalies due to cold air advection have been observed over the Eurasian continent in recent years. During the 2009/2010 winter, a large amount of snow accumulated across Central Asia and China, which along with a strong cold air outbreak, resulted in extremely high livestock mortality in Mongolia. The present study examined the surface inversion development over the Eurasian continent in terms of the cold air advection, accumulation, and breaking processes at ground level. Meteorological analyses shown trends toward earlier onsets of snow and subsequent cold air advection from the Arctic through western Siberia during the last decade, which is a possible driver of the persistent enhanced surface cooling observed in mid-winter in Mongolia. Cyclones are shown to be drivers of early snowfall onset at the beginning of winter and the subsequent migration of cold air from the Arctic, and are thus the key to understanding and predicting the frequency and intensity of persistent surface cooling, which is a substantial physical precursor for the cold disaster in Mongolia “dzud.”  相似文献   

Sediment and carbon storages in the Yahagi River Delta during the Holocene,central Japan     

Kiyoshi Fujimoto  Kumiko Kawase  Shigehiro Ishizuka  Koji Shichi  Akio Ohira  Hiroshi Adachi 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(15-16):1472-1480

We estimated stored sediment and carbon during the Holocene for each layer of the Yahagi River Delta, central Japan and discussed the provenance of stored carbon. To estimate the bulk density and the carbon content of each layer, we collected two 30 m deep undisturbed cores. The volume of each layer was calculated using ArcView 3D analyst. Although the volume ratio of each layer to the total volume was calculated to be 9.5% for the top mud layer, 34.9% for the upper sand layer, 32.8% for the middle mud layer and 22.9% for the lower sand layer, the mass ratio of each layer to the total mass was calculated to be 8.5, 40.9, 25.2 and 25.4%, respectively, and the stored carbon ratio in each layer to the total stored carbon was 20.4, 4.7, 55.9 and 18.9%, respectively. These results suggest that the top mud and middle mud layers have a significant role as a place for carbon sequestration during postglacial time. Total stored carbon in the study area of only 92.1 km² was estimated at 26 Tg C, which is equivalent to 0.003% of atmospheric carbon. This suggests that deltas on the globe have accumulated a massive amount of carbon during the evolution. The inorganic carbon ratio to total carbon reached more than 45% around the boundary between the middle mud and lower sand layers. The increasing trend in the C_org/N_total ratio accompanied with a decrease in δ¹³C from the bottom to the top horizon in the middle mud layer indicates a gradual increase in terrestrial organic matter contribution. The relative proportion of terrestrially derived materials decreases with increasing distance seaward.  相似文献   

Contribution of different functional groups to the diet of major predatory fishes at a seagrass meadow in northeastern Japan     

Katsumasa Yamada  Masakazu Hori  Yoshiyuki Tanaka  Natsuki Hasegawa  Masahiro Nakaoka 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

We examined the variation in habitat use and diet of three dominant fish species (Myoxocephalus brandti, Pholidapus dybowskii, and Pholis crassispina) in a seagrass meadow in the Akkeshi-ko estuary in northeastern Japan, where broad and dense Zostera marina beds exist, using a semi-quantitative census of the fishes and analyses of their stomach contents. Differences among the three fish species in the temporal variation in abundance of each age class (mainly 1- and 2-year age classes) indicated that the temporal pattern of utilization of the seagrass meadow were different among them. In the semi-quantitative dietary analysis, two prey categories, i.e., taxonomic group (order and suborder) and functional group, were used to explain the variation in prey composition with size-dependent changes. The six prey functional groups were classified based on the ecological traits of the prey, i.e., trophic level, size, and life type (habitat and behavior). Ontogenetic shifts in prey of the three fish species could be fully explained by a combination of the two prey categories, and not by the use of only one category (taxonomic or functional group). The pattern of ontogenetic shifts in prey differed among the fish species and size (age) classes. These results indicate that segregation of habitat (seagrass meadow) and prey group (taxonomic and functional group) is performed among the three species, which may contribute to their coexistence in this estuary.  相似文献   

Long-term (36-year) observations on the dynamics of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella in Harima-Nada,eastern Seto Inland Sea,Japan     

Tetsuya Nishikawa  Yutaka Hori  Satoshi Nagai  Kazutaka Miyahara  Yukinobu Nakamura  Kazuhiro Harada  Kuninao Tada  Ichiro Imai 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(2):153-164

Long-term changes of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella spp. (Chattonella antiqua, Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata) were examined in relation to environmental factors at 19 sampling stations in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan, for 36 years from 1973 to 2008. Long-term trends in the dynamics of Chattonella populations were considered to relate to environmental factors such as nutrient concentrations and water temperature. High nutrient levels during the period from the 1970s to the early 1980s have contributed to the high cell density and large-scale red tides of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada. However, nutrient levels exhibited a decreasing trend thereafter, and it is thought that Chattonella spp. cannot form large-scale blooms under the present conditions. After the mid-1990s, the occurrence period of vegetative cells of Chattonella spp. has been several weeks or 1 month earlier than that of the 1970s and early 1980s, and the appearance frequency of Chattonella spp. has increased in the northern coastal area, although the cell density and the spatial scale of the distribution have become lower and smaller than those in the previous decades. It is suggested that the timing of germination of Chattonella cysts has become earlier as a result of the increase in water temperature, and the chances of vegetative growth have also increased, especially at the northern coast where most of large rivers discharge into the Harima-Nada. In addition, the present results revealed that fewer diatoms were also one of the significant factors for the high abundance of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada.  相似文献   

Specific accumulation of persistent organochlorines in bluefin tuna collected from Japanese coastal waters     

Ueno D  Iwata H  Tanabe S  Ikeda K  Koyama J  Yamada H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):254-261

Concentrations of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes (CHLs), HCHs and HCB were determined in the liver of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected from Japanese coastal waters in order to elucidate accumulation profiles and to evaluate the suitability of this species as a biomonitor for pollution in the open sea ecosystem. Concentrations of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs in bluefin tuna increased significantly with body length (30–190 cm). HCHs and HCB residues were comparable among all the sampling regions, and the levels of these chemicals did not show correlation with body length. These results suggest significance of dietary uptake of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs compared to the intake via the gill. On the other hand, equilibrium partitioning with ambient water is a major determinant of the levels of HCHs and HCB in tuna. Body-length normalized values (BLNV) of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs concentrations in bluefin tuna were calculated using the linear regression equation obtained from the plot of concentrations and body length. BLNV of these chemicals on a lipid wt basis, which was adjusted for 100 cm body length, were indicative of the present state water pollution by PCBs, DDTs and CHLs. These results suggest that bluefin tuna is a suitable bioindicator for monitoring OCs contamination in the open sea ecosystem.  相似文献   

A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources     

Seiichi Sakamoto    Glenn J. White    Kentarou Kawaguchi    Masatoshi Ohishi    Kumiko S. Usuda  & Tetsuo Hasegawa 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(3):872-880

Absorption lines of MgH and CaH N  = 1 − 0 transitions were searched for in foreground molecular clouds towards the continuum sources associated with Sgr B2 (M) and W49A (N). None of these lines was detected with our sensitivity level of ∼20 mK. Millimetric absorption lines of MgO, MgOH, CaO and CaOH were also searched for towards Sgr B2 (M) without success. The fractional abundances relative to molecular hydrogen are ≲ 1.0 × 10⁻¹¹ for MgH, ≲ 7.9 × 10⁻¹³ for MgO, ≲ 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ for MgOH, ≲ 1.6 × 10⁻⁹ for CaH, ≲ 2.0 × 10⁻¹² for CaO, and ≲ 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ for CaOH, respectively. The low abundances measured in absorption indicate that a significant fraction of interstellar magnesium and calcium cannot be tied up in their monohydrides, monoxides and monohydroxides. The low abundance of MgH also implies that grain-surface chemistry involving magnesium is not efficient and that magnesium is depleted on to grains to a factor of ≳ 10^2.5 in well-shielded molecular clouds.  相似文献   

A new method to detect viable bacteria in natural seawater using 16SrRNA oligonucleotide probe     

Masahiko Nishimura  Kumiko Kita-Tsukamoto  Kazuhiro Kogure  Kouichi Ohwada  Usio Simidu 《Journal of Oceanography》1993,49(1):51-56

Fluorescent oligonucleotide probes were used to detectVibrio cholerae directly under epifluorescence microscope. The probe which is complementary to the specific 16SrRNA sequence ofVibrio cholerae was labelled with Texas-Red, whereas the universal probe was labelled with Fluorescein. These probes allowed the distinctionVibrio cholerae from other eubacteria under the same microscopic field. In order to detect and enumerate specific bacteria in natural seawater, this method was combined with the direct viable count (DVC) technique. The combined method increased intracellular rRNA levels in the sample, and made it possible to detect the target bacteria with the specific gene probe. The applicability of this new method was confirmed both for the laboratory mixed culture system and natural seawater.  相似文献