Lithostratigraphy of the Mérida (Wisconsinan) glaciation and Pedregal interstade, Mérida Andes, northwestern Venezuela     

Randy W. Dirszowsky  William C. Mahaney  Kyle R. Hodder  Michael W. Milner  Volli Kalm  Maximiliano Bezada  Roelf P. Beukens 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,19(4):525-536

At Pedregal, more than 40 m of sediments are exposed within a ‘fan complex’ formed between lateral moraines of the adjacent Mucuchache and El Caballo valleys. Early and late Mérida (Wisconsinan) glaciations are represented by till and till plus proglacial sediments, respectively. A middle Wisconsinan interstadial event, here termed the Pedregal interstade, began at the end of the Early Mérida glaciation at approximately 60 ka BP. Following the retreat of ice from the small Pedregal Basin, a lake formed when the local drainage was blocked due to movement of the Mesa de Caballo along the Boconó Fault. Shallow lake or no-lake phases lasted approximately a few hundred to, at most, 2000 years, and each lake phase was marked by peat accumulation. Four of seven peats identified formed during sufficiently long intervals for soil profiles (incipient to mature Spodosols) also to develop. The Spodosol with the strongest development (Eb/Bsb/Coxb/Cub horizons) is found adjacent to the lowest peat and reflects ongoing early Mérida stadial (MIS 3) conditions; the youngest peats, associated with weak podzolic soils (Eb/Bsb horizons), formed under slightly warmer interstadial conditions, presumably with less soil water. Cyclic lacustrine deposition is related to lake level and relative depth fluctuations, due in part to variable shoreline/delta progradation and shallowing as the lake deepened in general. Whereas final drainage of the lake is related to movement of the Boconó Fault and breach of the moraines that form the Mesa de Caballo, earlier lake level fluctuations appear related to climate change. Radiocarbon dating of the peats suggests they are related to warmer periods and may tentatively correlate with small ‘interstadials’ or ‘D-O events’ detected in the oxygen-isotope record of Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic marine sediments.  相似文献   

Nighttime temperature field in a valley     

T. G. Kyle  W. E. Clements 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1985,34(2):131-139

Summary An analysis of the nighttime near-surface temperature field at 27 stations in a deep mountain valley has been carried out for 5 nights during which drainage winds developed. It was found that a simple exponential function of time and the pressure level of each station accurately represents the temperature evolution during the night. Of particular interest is the fact that above a particular pressure elevation the temperature increases during the night.

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Nächtliches Temperaturfeld in einem Tal

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine Analyse des nächdichen oberflächennahen Temperaturfeldes an 27 Stationen in einem tiefen Gebirgstal für funf Nächte, in denen Bergwind auftrat, durchgeführt. Es stellte sich heraus, da\ die Temperaturentwicklung während der Nacht exakt durch eine einfache Exponentialfunktion der Zeit und des Druckniveaus jeder Station beschrieben wird. Von besonderem Interesse ist die Tatsache, da\ die Temperatur während der Nacht über einem bestimmten Druckniveau ansteigt.

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With 3 Figures  相似文献   

Chemical and physical studies of type 3 chondrites—IV: Annealing studies of a type 3.4 ordinary chondrite and the metamorphic history of meteorites     

R.Kyle Guimon  Bradly D. Keck  Karen S. Weeks  John DeHart  Derek W.G. Sears 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(7):1515-1524

Samples of a type 3.4 chondrite have been annealed at 400–1000°C for 1–200 hours, their thermoluminescence properties determined and analyzed for K, Na, Mn, Sc and Ca by instrumental neutron activation analysis. After annealing at ?900°C, the samples showed a 50% decrease in TL sensitivity, while after annealing at 1000°C it fell to 0.1-0.01 times its unannealed value and loss of Na and K occurred. The TL and compositional changes resemble those observed for the equilibrated Kernouve chondrite after similar annealing treatments, except that the sharp TL decrease, and element loss, occurred at ~ 1100°C; this difference is presumably due to petrographic differences in the feldspar of the two meteorites. The temperature and the width of the TL peak showed a discontinuous increase after annealing at 800°C; peak temperature jumped from 130 to 200°C and peak width increased from 90 to 150°C. The activation energies for these TL changes are 7–10 kcal/mole. Similar increases in the TL peak temperature have been reported in TL studies of Amelia, VA, albite, where they were associated with the low to high-temperature transformation. However, the activation energy for the transformation is ~80 kcal/mole. These changes in TL emission characteristics resemble trends observed in type 3 ordinary chondrites and it is suggested that type 3.3–3.5 chondrites have a low-feldspar as TL phosphor and > 3.5 have high-feldspar as the phosphor. Thermoluminescence therefore provides a means of palaeothermometry for type 3 ordinary chondrites.  相似文献   

Multichannel analysis of surface wave method with the autojuggie   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gang Tian  Don W. Steeples  Jianghai Xia  Richard D. Miller  Kyle T. Spikes  Matthew D. Ralston 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(3):61-65

The shear (S)-wave velocity of near-surface materials and its effect on seismic-wave propagation are of fundamental interest in many engineering, environmental, and groundwater studies. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method provides a robust, efficient, and accurate tool to observe near-surface S-wave velocity. A recently developed device used to place large numbers of closely spaced geophones simultaneously and automatically (the ‘autojuggie’) is shown here to be applicable to the collection of MASW data. In order to demonstrate the use of the autojuggie in the MASW method, we compared high-frequency surface-wave data acquired from conventionally planted geophones (control line) to data collected in parallel with the automatically planted geophones attached to steel bars (test line). The results demonstrate that the autojuggie can be applied in the MASW method. Implementation of the autojuggie in very shallow MASW surveys could drastically reduce the time required and costs incurred in such surveys.  相似文献   

Second-order state transition for relative motion near perturbed,elliptic orbits     

Prasenjit Sengupta  Srinivas R. Vadali  Kyle T. Alfriend 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2007,97(2):101-129

This paper develops a tensor and its inverse, for the analytical propagation of the position and velocity of a satellite, with respect to another, in an eccentric orbit. The tensor is useful for relative motion analysis where the separation distance between the two satellites is large. The use of nonsingular elements in the formulation ensures uniform validity even when the reference orbit is circular. Furthermore, when coupled with state transition matrices from existing works that account for perturbations due to Earth oblateness effects, its use can very accurately propagate relative states when oblateness effects and second-order nonlinearities from the differential gravitational field are of the same order of magnitude. The effectiveness of the tensor is illustrated with various examples.  相似文献   

Third and fourth order resonances in Hamiltonian systems     

Kyle T. Alfriend  David L. Richardson 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1973,7(4):408-420

The stability of the origin of an autonomous Hamiltonian system is investigated when the system possesses a third or fourth-order resonance.H ₂, the quadratic part ofH isH ₂=ⁿ _{i=1 i} J _i and the resonance condition is ⁿ _i=1 k _{i i} where thek 0,i = 1, 2, ...,n are the natural or fundamental frequencies. It is shown that the only case in which the origin can be unstable is ifk _i0,i=1,2,...,n. The condition for instability is then given in terms of the coefficients of the higher order terms in the Hamiltonian. The transfer of energy between modes is also investigated when a near-resonant condition exists.  相似文献   

The effect of riparian land use on transport hydraulics in agricultural headwater streams located in northeast Ohio,USA     

Kyle S. Herrman  Virginie Bouchard  Tim Granata  Anne E. Carey  Richard H. Moore 《水文研究》2010,24(1):1-12

This study examined if riparian land use (forested vs agricultural) affects hydraulic transport in headwater streams located in an agriculturally fragmented watershed. We identified paired 50‐m reaches (one reach in agricultural land use and the other in forested land use) along three headwater streams in the Upper Sugar Creek Watershed in northeast Ohio, USA (40° 51′42″N, 81° 50′29″W). Using breakthrough curves obtained by Rhodamine WT slug injections and the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage model (OTIS), hydraulic transport parameters were obtained for each reach on six different occasions (n = 36). Relative transient storage (A_S:A) was similar between both reach types (As: A = 0·3 ± 0·1 for both agricultural and forested reaches). Comparing values of F_med²⁰⁰ to those in the literature indicates that the effect of transient storage was moderately high in the study streams in the Upper Sugar Creek Watershed. Examining travel times revealed that overall residence time (HRT) and residence time in transient storage (T_STO) were both longer in forested reaches (forested HRT = 19·1 ± 11·5 min and T_STO = 4·0 ± 3·8 min; agricultural HRT = 9·3 ± 5·3 min and T_STO = 1·7 ± 1·4 min). We concluded that the effect of transient storage on solute transport was similar between the forested and agricultural reaches but the forested reaches had a greater potential to retain solutes as a result of longer travel times. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Impacts of rising air temperatures and emissions mitigation on electricity demand and supply in the United States: a multi-model comparison     

James McFarland  Yuyu Zhou  Leon Clarke  Patrick Sullivan  Jesse Colman  Wendy S. Jaglom  Michelle Colley  Pralit Patel  Jiyon Eom  Son H. Kim  G. Page Kyle  Peter Schultz  Boddu Venkatesh  Juanita Haydel  Charlotte Mack  Jared Creason 《Climatic change》2015,132(4):739-739

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Tephra from andesitic Shiveluch volcano,Kamchatka, NW Pacific: chronology of explosive eruptions and geochemical fingerprinting of volcanic glass     

Vera Ponomareva  Maxim Portnyagin  Maria Pevzner  Maarten Blaauw  Philip Kyle  Alexander Derkachev 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2015,104(5):1459-1482

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Dependence of ground-based Pc5 ULF wave power on F10.7 solar radio flux and solar cycle phase     

Kyle R. Murphy  Ian R. Mann  I. Jonathan Rae  David K. Milling 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2011,73(11-12):1500-1510

Utilising fifteen (1990–2005) years of ground-based magnetometer data from four magnetometer stations, we characterise the statistical dependence of the Pc5 ULF wave power spectra on variations in F10.7 solar radio flux and on solar cycle phase. We show that the median Pc5 ULF wave power spectra can be characterised as a power-law with a localised Gaussian centred at a specific frequency superimposed on the power-law spectrum. Further, we demonstrate that the location of the Gaussian in frequency systematically varies with both solar cycle phase and F10.7 and is more pronounced during high-speed solar wind intervals. We postulate that the localised power spectrum enhancement (or Gaussian) is a manifestation of the local eigenfrequency of field line resonances in the Earth's magnetosphere and that the variation in the location of the Gaussian occurs as a result of increased ionospheric outflow during periods of enhanced F10.7 and active solar activity.  相似文献