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991.
The Vincent Thomas Bridge in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, is a critical artery for commercial traffic flow in and out of the Los Angeles Harbor, and is at risk in the seismically active Southern California region, particularly because it straddles the Palos Verdes fault zone. A combination of linear and non‐linear system identification techniques is employed to obtain a complete reduced‐order, multi‐input–multi‐output (MIMO) dynamic model of the Vincent Thomas Bridge based on the dynamic response of the structure to the 1987 Whittier and 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Starting with the available acceleration measurements (which consists of 15 accelerometers on the bridge structure and 10 accelerometers at various locations on its base), an efficient least‐squares‐based time‐domain identification procedure is applied to the data set to develop a reduced‐order, equivalent linear, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom model. Although not the main focus of this study, the linear system identification method is also combined with a non‐parametric identification technique, to generate a reduced‐order non‐linear mathematical model suitable for use in subsequent studies to predict, with good fidelity, the total response of the bridge under arbitrary dynamic environments. Results of this study yield measurements of the equivalent linear modal properties (frequencies, mode shapes and non‐proportional damping) as well as quantitative measures of the extent and nature of non‐linear interaction forces arising from strong ground shaking. It is shown that, for the particular subset of observations used in the identification procedure, the apparent non‐linearities in the system restoring forces are quite significant, and they contribute substantially to the improved fidelity of the model. Also shown is the potential of the identification technique under discussion to detect slight changes in the structure's influence coefficients, which may be indicators of damage and degradation in the structure being monitored. Difficulties associated with accurately estimating damping for lightly damped long‐span structures from their earthquake response are discussed. The technical issues raised in this paper indicate the need for added spatial resolution in sensor instrumentation to obtain identified mathematical models of structural systems with the broadest range of validity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
辽宁义县—北票地区义县组地层层序——义县阶标准地层剖面建立和研究之一 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:30
义县地区广义的义县组可解体为王家屯组 (暂命名 )和义县组 ;分属王家屯和义县火山旋回 ,前者为偏酸、偏碱性 ,后者主体为中基性、末期为中酸性火山岩系 ,并广泛发育潜火山岩相的玄武玢岩、安山玢岩和火山集块角砾熔岩筒。该区有七个主要沉积层 ,自下而上分别为王家屯组马神庙层、义县组老公沟层、业南沟层、砖城子层、大康堡层、朱家沟层和金刚山层 ;产有较丰富的无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和植物化石。以砖城子层、大康堡层和金刚山层为界 ,义县火山旋回可划分为 4个亚旋回 ,分别代表火山活动的初始期、主期、晚期和末期。北票四合屯地区的义县组相当义县地区义县组的第一和第二亚旋回 ,含鸟类化石的主沉积层 (尖山沟层和上园层 )可与砖城子层对比 相似文献
993.
苏皖地块构造演化、苏鲁造山带形成及其耦合的盆地发育 总被引:34,自引:2,他引:34
郯庐断裂带一度是古特提斯洋域中的转换断层,其东的苏皖地块和胶辽克拉通分别是曾经独立于扬子克拉通和华北克拉通之外的构造单元。苏皖地块原属中朝构造域,因中元古代时苏鲁洋的张开而向南漂移,震旦纪起归入华南构造域。受北东东-近东西向的江南断裂和江绍断裂右行走滑活动控制,苏皖地块及怀玉地块在石炭纪末-三叠纪时脱离华南构造域,成为古特提斯洋域中的中间地块。中国东部地区东亚燕山期山系的形成受两个地球动力学系统制约:一是苏鲁洋的消减及闭合后苏皖地块与胶辽克拉通的碰撞,二是江南断裂和江绍断裂的先剪后压,苏皖地块与拼合了的扬子-华北克拉通间发生斜向会聚和剪切造山,怀玉地块仰冲超叠在苏皖地块上。分5个阶段(印支期消减,早-中侏罗世斜向会聚,晚侏罗-早白垩世消减,早白垩世碰撞和燕山造山带坍塌)叙述了中生代造山作用的表现和特点,探讨了与各阶段造山作用耦合的盆地类型和时空分布。因燕山造山带的坍塌而燕山运动构建的“盆”“山”关系解脱,中国东部第三纪的伸展盆地直接叠加在燕山造山带的坍塌裂谷上。 相似文献
994.
995.
分析了数字城市规划系统的业务需求,介绍了其基础数据更新、工作流、无纸化办公、历史空间信息管理等主要关键技术,并对其进行了讨论。 相似文献
996.
数字地籍测绘是目前土地管理部门的首选方案,需要制定街坊划分、界址线设定、工作底图与采集草图一体化作业、数据文件管理、街坊线、图斑的绘制等技术措施。 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
高职教育是GIS人才培养的重要组成部分。本文通过介绍职教GIS专业的建设,探索GIS实践教学与实践基地建设模式、方法及对人才培养的影响。 相似文献
1000.
Qiuli Li Shuguang Li Yong-Fei Zheng Huimin Li Hans Joachim Massonne Qingchen Wang 《Chemical Geology》2003,200(3-4):255-265
This paper first reports a high precision U–Pb age of 218±1.2 Ma for rutile in coesite-bearing eclogite from Jinheqiao in the Dabie Mounteins, east–central China. This work shows that the U–Pb mineral (rutile+omphacite) isochron age of 218±2.5 Ma and conventional rutile U–Pb concordia age of 218±1.2 Ma obtained by common Pb correction based on the Pb isotopic composition of omphacite in the same eclogite sample are consistent, proving that the omphacite with low U/Pb ratio (μ=2.8) can be used for common Pb correction in U–Pb dating of rutile. Oxygen isotope analysis of rutile aliquots gave the consistent δ18O values of −6.1±0.1%, demonstrating oxygen isotope homogenization in the rutile of different grains as inclusion in garnet and grain in matrix. Oxygen isotope thermometry yields temperatures of 695±35 and 460±15 °C for quartz–garnet and quartz–rutile pairs, respectively. These oxygen isotopic observations suggest that the diffusion of oxygen in rutile as inclusion in garnet is not controlled by garnet. According to field-based thermochronological studies of rutile, an estimate of the Tc of about 460 °C for U–Pb system in rutile under rapid cooling conditions (20 °C/Ma) was advised. Based on this U–Pb age as well as the reported chronological data with their corresponding metamorphic and/or closure temperature, an improved T–t path has been constructed. The T–t path confirms that the UHPM rocks in South Dabie experienced a rapid cooling following the peak metamorphism before 220 Ma and a long isothermal stage from 213 to 180 Ma around 425 °C. 相似文献