Assessing Conservation Adoption Decision Criteria Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process: Case Studies from Three Midwestern Watersheds     

Ajay S. Singh  Francis R. Eanes  Linda S. Prokopy 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(4):503-507

Land use changes from natural ecosystems to industrial agriculture have impacted water quality and wildlife populations in the Mississippi River basin. Government programs providing technical assistance and monetary incentives have not resulted in adequate adoption rates of conservation practices. While there has been a plethora of research examining the factors associated with conservation adoption, significantly less is understood about the relative importance of these factors. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with agricultural producers in three Midwestern watersheds, we assess the relative importance of environmental and production decision criteria when making decisions to adopt conservation practices. Although AHP provides insight into how decisions may be made at the watershed scale, this methodology also provides insight into how individuals make conservation decisions and may also provide a method for delivering tailored conservation advice and communications.  相似文献   

Recent Trends in the Selection of Remedies for Groundwater,Soil, and Sediment at Superfund Sites          下载免费PDF全文

Linda Fiedler  Carlos Pachon 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2018,38(1):13-18

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The influence of sampling design on spatial data quality in a geographic citizen science project     

Greg Brown  Jonathan Rhodes  Daniel Lunney  Ross Goldingay  Kelly Fielding  Nicole Garofano  Scott Hetherington  Marama Hopkins  Jo Green  Skye McNamara  Angie Brace  Lorraine Vass  Linda Swankie  Clive McAlpine 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(6):1184-1203

Geographic citizen science has much potential to assist in wildlife research and conservation, but the quality of observation data is a key concern. We examined the effects of sampling design on the quality of spatial data collected for a koala citizen science project in Australia. Data were collected from three samples—volunteers (n = 454), an Internet panel (n = 103), and landowners (n = 35)—to assess spatial data quality, a dimension of citizen science projects rarely considered. The locational accuracy of koala observations among the samples was similar when benchmarked against authoritative data (i.e., an expert‐derived koala distribution model), but there were differences in the quantity of data generated. Fewer koala location data were generated per participant by the Internet panel sample than the volunteer or landowner samples. Spatial preferences for land uses affecting koala conservation were also mapped, with landowners more likely to map locations for residential and tourism development and volunteers less likely. These spatial preferences have the potential to influence the social acceptability of future koala conservation proposals. With careful sampling design, both citizen observations and land use preferences can be included within the same project to augment scientific assessments and identify conservation opportunities and constraints.  相似文献   

Tectonic and oceanographic process interactions archived in Late Cretaceous to Present deep‐marine stratigraphy on the Exmouth Plateau,offshore NW Australia     

Harya D. Nugraha  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson  Howard D. Johnson  David M. Hodgson  Matthew T. Reeve 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):405-430

Deep‐marine deposits provide a valuable archive of process interactions between sediment gravity flows, pelagic sedimentation and thermohaline bottom‐currents. Stratigraphic successions can also record plate‐scale tectonic processes (e.g. continental breakup and shortening) that impact long‐term ocean circulation patterns, including changes in climate and biodiversity. One such setting is the Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia, which has been a relatively stable, fine‐grained carbonate‐dominated continental margin from the Late Cretaceous to Present. We combine extensive 2D (~40,000 km) and 3D (3,627 km²) seismic reflection data with lithologic and biostratigraphic information from wells to reconstruct the tectonic and oceanographic evolution of this margin. We identified three large‐scale seismic units (SUs): (a) SU‐1 (Late Cretaceous)—500 m‐thick, and characterised by NE‐SW‐trending, slope‐normal elongate depocentres (c. 200 km long and 70 km wide), with erosional surfaces at their bases and tops, which are interpreted as the result of contour‐parallel bottom‐currents, coeval with the onset of opening of the Southern Ocean; (b) SU‐2 (Palaeocene—Late Miocene)—800 m‐thick and characterised by: (a) very large (amplitude, c. 40 m and wavelength, c. 3 km), SW‐migrating, NW‐SE‐trending sediment waves, (b) large (4 km‐wide, 100 m‐deep), NE‐trending scours that flank the sediment waves and (c) NW‐trending, 4 km‐wide and 80 m‐deep turbidite channel, infilled by NE‐dipping reflectors, which together may reflect an intensification of NE‐flowing bottom currents during a relative sea‐level fall following the establishment of circumpolar‐ocean current around Antarctica; and (c) SU‐3 (Late Miocene—Present)—1,000 m‐thick and is dominated by large (up to 100 km³) mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) derived from the continental margin (to the east) and the Exmouth Plateau Arch (to the west), and accumulated mainly in the adjacent Kangaroo Syncline. This change in depositional style may be linked to tectonically‐induced seabed tilting and folding caused by collision and subduction along the northern margin of the Australian plate. Hence, the stratigraphic record of the Exmouth Plateau provides a rich archive of plate‐scale regional geological events occurring along the distant southern (2,000 km away) and northern (1,500 km away) margins of the Australian plate.  相似文献   

Exploring former subglacial Hodgson Lake,Antarctica Paper I: site description,geomorphology and limnology     

Dominic A. Hodgson  Stephen J. Roberts  Michael J. Bentley  James A. Smith  Joanne S. Johnson  Elie Verleyen  Wim Vyverman  Andy J. Hodson  Melanie J. Leng  Andreas Cziferszky  Adrian J. Fox  David C.W. Sanderson 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(23-24):2295-2309

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The Cassini-Huygens flyby of Jupiter     

Candice J. Hansen  Scott J. Bolton  Linda J. Spilker 《Icarus》2004,172(1):1-8

The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft flew by Jupiter on December 30, 2000. The instruments aboard the spacecraft started making scientific observations three months earlier. Joint, collaborative observations were carried out with the teams of other spacecraft, notably Galileo, and with Earth-based observers. An operational overview of the flyby is presented and attention drawn to contributions of the eleven papers of this series which follow. Prime achievements of this campaign have been to better define the present state of fundamental elements of the jovian system, confirming many previously tentative conclusions. Particularly noteworthy is that the interactions between the solar wind and the jovian magnetosphere have been explored far deeper than before, along with the link to the morphology and dynamics of the jovian aurora.  相似文献   

The Enigmatic Behaviour of the Old Nova RR Pic     

Linda Schmidtobreick  Claus Tappert  Alessandro Ederoclite  Ivo Saviane  Elena Mason 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,304(1-4):303-305

We report preliminary results of an observing run at the 1--m telescope at CTIO during which we followed RR Pic over several nights in February 2005. The resulting light curves show no sign of an eclipse. Apart from the 3.48 h period, which is usually interpreted as the orbital one, we find an additional period at P=3.78 h, which we interpret as the superhump period of the system.We furthermore present high–resolution Doppler maps in Hα, Hβ and He II, which we derived from observations at the NTT, La Silla in February 2004. They show strong variations in the emission distribution from one day to the next. While Hα and Hβ emission clearly show the accretion disc with some additional isolated sources, the He II emission is confined to an elongated region at low velocities.  相似文献   

Tidally induced residual flows around an island due to both frictional and rotational effects     

R. D. Pingree  Linda Maddock 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,63(2):533-546

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Magnesian andesite and dacite lavas from Mt. Shasta,northern California: products of fractional crystallization of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O-rich mantle melts   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Timothy?L.?GroveEmail author  Michael?B.?Baker  Richard?C.?Price  Stephen?W.?Parman  Linda?T.?Elkins-Tanton  Nilanjan?Chatterjee  Othmar?Müntener 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,148(5):542-565

Mt. Shasta andesite and dacite lavas contain high MgO (3.5–5 wt.%), very low FeO*/MgO (1–1.5) and 60–66 wt.% SiO₂. The range of major and trace element compositions of the Shasta lavas can be explained through fractional crystallization (~50–60 wt.%) with subsequent magma mixing of a parent magma that had the major element composition of an H₂O-rich primitive magnesian andesite (PMA). Isotopic and trace element characteristics of the Mt. Shasta stratocone lavas are highly variable and span the same range of compositions that is found in the parental basaltic andesite and PMA lavas. This variability is inherited from compositional variations in the input contributed from melting of mantle wedge peridotite that was fluxed by a slab-derived, fluid-rich component. Evidence preserved in phenocryst assemblages indicates mixing of magmas that experienced variable amounts of fractional crystallization over a range of crustal depths from ~25 to ~4 km beneath Mt. Shasta. Major and trace element evidence is also consistent with magma mixing. Pre-eruptive crystallization extended from shallow crustal levels under degassed conditions (~4 wt.% H₂O) to lower crustal depths with magmatic H₂O contents of ~10–15 wt.%. Oxygen fugacity varied over 2 log units from one above to one below the Nickel-Nickel Oxide buffer. The input of buoyant H₂O-rich magmas containing 10–15 wt.% H₂O may have triggered magma mixing and facilitated eruption. Alternatively, vesiculation of oversaturated H₂O-rich melts could also play an important role in mixing and eruption.  相似文献   

Comparison of benthic invertebrate assemblages at Spartina alterniflora marshes reestablished after an oil spill and existing marshes in the Arthur Kill (NY/NJ)     

Vitaliano JJ  Reid RN  Frame AB  Packer DB  Arlen L  Sacco JN 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):1100-1108

In January 1990, an oil spill damaged salt marshes along the banks of the Arthur Kill (New York and New Jersey, USA). In the years following the spill, Spartina alterniflora seedlings were planted at a number of the oil damaged sites and successfully reestablished at these sites. In 1996, the National Marine Fisheries Service began a study to compare the benthic invertebrate assemblages at the reestablished S. alterniflora marshes to those at nearby existing marshes in the Arthur Kill. Oligochaetes, nematodes, and the small tube-building polychaete, Manayunkia aestuarina were the dominant taxa in the study. Significant differences were found in the abundances of all invertebrate individuals, oligochaetes, and nematodes between the September and May sampling times but not between reestablished and existing marshes. Although benthic invertebrate community structure was similar at reestablished and existing marshes three to four years after planting, the functional similarity of these marshes was not assessed in this study.  相似文献