Spring thermal resources for grapevine in Kőszeg (Hungary) deduced from a very long pictorial time series (1740–2009)     

Simone Gabriele Parisi  Moreno Mauro Antoniazzi  Gabriele Cola  Lorenzo Lovat  Luigi Mariani  Giacomo Morreale  Kiss Zoltan  Antonio Calò 《Climatic change》2014,126(3-4):443-454

Since 1740 until now, the Book of Vine Branches encompasses beautiful pictorial representations of shoots and sprouts, collected every year on April 24th in the vineyards of the Hungarian town of K?szeg. A long time series (1740–2009) of sprouts phenological development coded with the BBCH scale is obtained through paintings visual inspection. Consequently, a model relating sprouts development with thermal resources accumulation is developed on the base of Wien daily air temperature series for the 1857–2009 period. Thermal resources is obtained with the Normal Heat Hours approach, a response curve method that takes into account the nonlinear response of phenological development to temperature. The model, calibrated and validated on the 1930–2009 period, shows an overestimation of thermal resources when applied to the 1857–1929, due to the more advanced phenology of that phase. Since this advance can be ascribed to genetics and management instead of more favorable thermal conditions, model outputs previous to 1930 are decreased by a constant factor. Finally, the 1740–2009 time series of grapevine spring thermal resources is obtained applying the model to the complete phenological time series. The analysis of the series highlights a first phase (1740–1780) characterized by high and stable availability of thermal resources during the 1740–1780, a second phase (1781–1820) with the lowest level of resources, a phase of intermediate availability (1821–1929) and a final present phase (1930–2009) with renewed high availability. The adopted method overcomes the lack of correlation for the post 1960 period shown by previous works.  相似文献   

Stratospheric ozone depletion: a key driver of recent precipitation trends in South Eastern South America     

Paula L. M. Gonzalez  Lorenzo M. Polvani  Richard Seager  Gustavo J. P. Correa 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(7-8):1775-1792

On a hemispheric scale, it is now well established that stratospheric ozone depletion has been the principal driver of externally forced atmospheric circulation changes south of the Equator in the last decades of the 20th Century. The impact of ozone depletion has been felt over the entire hemisphere, as reflected in the poleward drift of the midlatitude jet, the southward expansion of the summertime Hadley cell and accompanying precipitation trends deep into the subtropics. On a regional scale, however, surface impacts directly attributable to ozone depletion have yet to be identified. In this paper we focus on South Eastern South America (SESA), a region that has exhibited one of the largest wetting trends during the 20th Century. We study the impact of ozone depletion on SESA precipitation using output from 6 different climate models, spanning a wide range of complexity. In all cases we contrast pairs of model integrations with and without ozone depletion, but with all other forcings identically specified. This allows for unambiguous attribution of the computed precipitation trends. All 6 climate models consistently reveal that stratospheric ozone depletion results in a significant wetting of SESA over the period 1960–1999. Taken as a whole, these model results strongly suggest that the impact of ozone depletion on SESA precipitation has been as large as, and quite possibly larger than, the one caused by increasing greenhouse gases over the same period.  相似文献   

Climate and human impact on a meromictic lake during the last 6,000 years (Montcortès Lake,Central Pyrenees,Spain)     

Juan Pablo Corella  Ana Moreno  Mario Morellón  Valentí Rull  Santiago Giralt  María Teresa Rico  Ana Pérez-Sanz  Blas Lorenzo Valero-Garcés 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,46(3):351-367

Sedimentological, mineralogical and compositional analyses performed on short gravity cores and long Kullenberg cores from meromictic Montcortès Lake (Pre-Pyrenean Range, NE Spain) reveal large depositional changes during the last 6,000 cal years. The limnological characteristics of this karstic lake, including its meromictic nature, relatively high surface area/depth ratio (surface area ~0.1 km²; z _max = 30 m), and steep margins, facilitated deposition and preservation of finely laminated facies, punctuated by clastic layers corresponding to turbidite events. The robust age model is based on 17 AMS ¹⁴C dates. Slope instability caused large gravitational deposits during the middle Holocene, prior to 6 ka BP, and in the late Holocene, prior to 1,600 and 1,000 cal yr BP). Relatively shallower lake conditions prevailed during the middle Holocene (6,000–3,500 cal years BP). Afterwards, deeper environments dominated, with deposition of varves containing preserved calcite laminae. Increased carbonate production and lower clastic input occurred during the Iberian-Roman Period, the Little Ice Age, and the twentieth century. Although modulated by climate variability, changes in sediment delivery to the lake reflect modifications of agricultural practices and population pressure in the watershed. Two episodes of higher clastic input to the lake have been identified: 1) 690–1460 AD, coinciding with an increase in farming activity in the area and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and 2) 1770–1950 AD, including the last phase of the Little Ice Age and the maximum human occupation in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.  相似文献   

Kinematic evolution of thrusts wedge and erratic line length balancing: insights from deformed sandbox models     

Mohammad Irfan Ahmad  A. K. Dubey  Giovanni Toscani  Lorenzo Bonini  Silvio Seno 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(1):329-347

Kinematic evolution of fold-thrust structures has been investigated by analogue models that include syntectonic sedimentation. Different decollement dips and basement thicknesses produced different wedge geometries and propagating characteristics. A model with one decollement level was characterized by a closely spaced thrust system during early stages of shortening as compared to the late stages. The frequency of fault nucleation was rapid during the early stages of deformation. Conversely, the frequency of fault nucleation was low and thrust spacing was significantly wider in a model with two decollement levels. Individual faults became locked at steep dips and deformation stepped forward as a new fault nucleated in-sequence in front of the older locked structure. Once the thrust system was established up to 27 % overall shortening, an overlying bed was introduced to simulate syntectonic deformation. Model sand wedge did not grow self similarly but rather its length and height increased episodically with deformation. Restoration of deformed models show that layer parallel shortening accommodated for approximately half of the total model shortening across the multilayers. Calculated error in apparent layer shortening from the restored layers revealed a direct relation with depth of the layers in the models. The experimental results are comparable to a natural example from the Northern Apennines fold-and-thrust belts.  相似文献   

Inhomogeneous viscous fluids for inflation     

Ratbay Myrzakulov  Lorenzo Sebastiani 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2015,356(1):205-213

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Dynamical determination of the mass of the Kuiper Belt from motions of the inner planets of the Solar system     

Lorenzo Iorio 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(4):1311-1314

In this paper we determine dynamically the mass of the Kuiper Belt Objects by exploiting the latest least-squares determinations of the extra rates of perihelia of the inner planets of the Solar system. By modelling classical Kuiper Belt Objects as an ecliptic ring of finite thickness, we obtain 0.033 ± 0.115 in units of terrestrial masses. For resonant Kuiper Belt Objects, a two-ring model yields 0.018 ± 0.063. These values are consistent with recent determinations obtained using ground- and space-based optical techniques. Some implications for precise tests of Einsteinian and post-Einsteinian gravity are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Flexure across a continent–ocean fracture zone: the northern Falkland/Malvinas Plateau, South Atlantic     

J. M. Lorenzo  P. Wessel 《Geo-Marine Letters》1997,17(1):110-118

 Bathymetry, satellite-derived gravity, and interpreted seismic reflection data across the northern Falkland/Malvinas Plateau fossil continent–ocean transform rim may record the degree of mechanical coupling across the boundary after ridge–transform intersection time. The rim comprises a broad microcontinental block in the east and a continental marginal fracture ridge 50–100 km wide elsewhere. Free-air gravity anomalies tentatively suggest that the fracture ridge is locked against oceanic elastic lithosphere both to the north (Argentine Basin) and south (Central Falkland Basin). Received: 18 January 1996 / Revision received: 25 March 1995  相似文献   

Estimating parameters of the channel width–flow discharge relation using rill and gully channel junction data     

M. Pilar Salvador Sanchis  Dino Torri  Lorenzo Borselli  Rorke Bryan  Jean Poesen  Marta S. Yañez  Cati Cremer 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(15):2023-2030

Eroding channels can usually be characterized by a power relationship between channel width (W) and channel discharge (Q). This paper examines the WQ relation using a recently developed channel junction approach to extend the validity of the WQ relation and to develop a procedure for estimating the WQ exponent and proportionality coefficient. Rill and gully channel data from the literature, and new data collected in different badland areas and in a few forest mountain streams, are analysed. Analysis shows that the WQ relation for channel width collected in badlands and forests agrees with trends observed for cropland. The exponent increases with increasing channel width in a continuous fashion rather than in a step‐like way and tends to a maximum whose value ranges between 0·5 and 0·6. The proportionality coefficient can be split into two terms, one expressing the case in which an eroding channel can broaden, the other reflecting the difficulties in removing the less erodible clods or rock fragments from the channel bed. Its splitting allows the development of a more correct form of the WQ relation in agreement with modern approaches of channel geometry: one part has the dimension of a discharge and makes the power base dimensionless, while the other brings the dimension of a length, needed for the channel width, into the WQ relation. The interpretation of the two constants is supported by data collected in rainfall‐runoff simulation experiments conducted in the field. Values characterizing the two constants in some environments are also given. Nevertheless the approach is not sufficiently parameterized yet to be of practical use (e.g. in models or for estimating peak discharge in areas where rill channels have formed). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Capacity and economic efficiency in small-scale fisheries: Evidence from the Mediterranean Sea   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Lorenzo Idda  Fabio A. Madau  Pietro Pulina   《Marine Policy》2009,33(5):860-867

To design an effective capacity management plan for small-scale fisheries one must understand what one is measuring and define its capacity. As recognized by some authors, overcapacity is a problem that generally affects small-scale fisheries just as much as it does other types of fishing. This study aims to estimate fishing capacity, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and capacity utilization in a particular small-scale fishery in the Mediterranean, i.e., the Northwest Sardinian fleet in Italy. A non-parametric approach using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied to a sample of trawls in order to estimate their economic capacity, and related measurements were taken. The capacity and efficiency with reference to two different alternative scenarios were also calculated.  相似文献   

Large wood load fluctuations in an Andean basin     

Lorenzo Picco  Cordelia Scalari  Andrés Iroumé  Bruno Mazzorana  Andrea Andreoli 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(2):371-384

The importance of monitoring and analysing wood fluxes in mountain environments is widely recognized. However, there is a lack of information related to the long-term fluctuations in wood load and associated to the changes in large wood (LW) characteristics. The main aims of the research were to analyse (i) changes in wood characteristics, (ii) fluctuations in wood load, and (iii) the relationship between wood load and sub-reach settings, proposing an ad hoc roughness index (RI). Repeated field surveys to measure wood load and LW characteristics during a 13-year period were conducted within a 2.2 km-long reach of the Rio Toro (Chile), which flows through the Malleco Forest National Reserve that was affected by wildfires in 2002 and 2015. Two spatial scales (i.e. study reach and sub-reach) were considered. Irrespective of the adopted scale wood load fluctuated considerably, in both number and volume, with significant changes in LW characteristics (i.e. mean diameter and length). Moreover, a clear tendency to the aggregation in wood jams (WJs) was observed within the entire study reach. Based on our results, we conclude that 17 years after the first wildfire wood recruitment has started in the upper parts of the basin. Moreover, Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between RI and both number and volume of LW. Both models are characterized by high adjusted R² of 74.9% and 72.8% for volume and number, respectively. This demonstrated that the RI can characterize the reaches in terms of tendency to deposition and trapping of wood. These results are promising, particularly in improving the knowledge related to potential deposition areas that can control wood load fluctuations, also permitting its management to be improved. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献