Die Kristallstruktur von Warikahnit,Zn3[(H2O)2|(AsO4)2]     

Dr. H. Riffel  Priv.-Doz. Dr. P. Keller  Prof. Dr. H. Hess 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1980,27(3):187-199

Zusammenfassung Die Kristallstruktur des neuen Minerals Warikahnit, Zn₃[(H₂O)₂|(AsO₄)₂], wurde mit Diffraktometerdaten bestimmt und bis zuR=0,038 für 3428 unabhängige Reflexe verfeinert.Warikahnit ist triklin, , mita=6,710(1),b=8,989(2),c=14,533(2) Å, =105,59(1), =93,44(1), =108,68(1)°,Z=4.Die Kristallstruktur des Warikahnits enthält sechs unterschiedliche Koordinationspolyeder des Zinks mit den Koordinationszahlen 6, 5 und 4 und mit fünf verschiedenen Ligandenkombinationen. Die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen werden mit Hilfe der Ladungsbilanz und des IR-Spektrums diskutiert.

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The crystal structure of warikahnite, Zn₃[(H₂O)₂|(AsO₄)₂]

Summary The crystal structure of the new mineral warikahnite, Zn₃[(H₂O)₂|(AsO₄)₂], was determined from diffractometer data and refined toR=0,038 for 3428 observed independent reflections.Warikahnit is triclinic, , witha=6.710(1),b=8.989(2),c=14.533(2) Å, =105.59(1), =93.44(1), =108.68(1)°,Z=4.The crystal structure of warikahnite contains 6 different coordination polyhedra of zinc with the coordination numbers 6,5 and 4 and with 5 different combinations of ligand. The hydrogen bonds are discussed on the basis of charge balance and IR spectra.

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Mit 3 Abbildungen  相似文献   

Airborne measurements of savanna fire emissions and the regional distributio of pyrogenic pollutants over Western Africa     

Helas  Günter  Lobert  Jürgen  Scharffe  Dieter  Schäfer  Luise  Goldammer  Johann  Baudet  Jean  Ajavon  Ayité-Lô  Ahoua  Brou  Lacaux  Jean-Pierre  Delmas  Robert  Andreae  Meinrat O. 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,22(1-2):217-239

We measured CO₂, CO, CH₄, H₂, and NO₂ in air masses polluted by savanna fires over Côte d'Ivoire, western Africa. Elevated concentrations of these trace gases were found in fire plumes and also in extensive haze layers. Trace gas mixing ratios ranged as high as 605 ppmv for CO₂, 14.8 ppmv for CO, 2.7 ppmv for CH₄, 4.2 ppmv for H₂, and 25 ppbv for NO₂. We compare our emission ratios to those obtained in previous field and laboratory studies. The emission ratios, expressed as an average and as a range or as an average only, were: dCO/dCO₂ 5.3×10^–2 (3–18×10^–2); dCH₄/dCO 5.3×10^–2; dH₂/dCO 2.4×10^–1 and dNO₂/dCO₂ 1.8×10^–4 (1.5–2.2×10^–4). The values found match those found during similar measurements, though our results point to rather vigorous burning in the savanna of western Africa.  相似文献   

Maastrichtian to Paleocene depositional environment of the Dakhla Formation, Western Desert, Egypt: sedimentology, mineralogy, and integrated micro- and macrofossil biostratigraphies     

A. A. Tantawy  G. Keller  T. Adatte  W. Stinnesbeck  A. Kassab  P. Schulte 《Cretaceous Research》2001,22(6):795

Integrated sedimentology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microfossil and macrofossil biostratigraphies of the Maastrichtian–early Paleocene Dakhla Formation of the Western Desert, Egypt, provide improved age resolution, information on the cyclic nature of sediment deposition, and the reconstruction of depositional environments. Age control based on integrated biostratigraphies of planktic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and macrofossils yields the following ages for stratigraphic and lithologic sequences. The contact between the Duwi and Dakhla formations marks the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary (zone CF8a/b boundary) and is dated at about 71 Ma. The age of the Dakhla Formation is estimated to span from 71 Ma at the base to about 63 Ma at the top (zones CF8a–Plc). The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary is within the upper unit of the Kharga Shale Member and marked by a hiatus that spans from 64.5 Ma in the lower Paleocene (base Plc) to at least 65.5 Ma (base CF2, base M. prinsii zones) in the upper Maastrichtian at Gebel Gifata, the type locality of the Dakhla Formation. As a result, the Bir Abu Minqar horizon, deposited between about 64.2 and 64.5 Ma (Plc(l) zone), directly overlies the K/T boundary hiatus. Major hiatuses also span the late Maastrichtian–early Paleocene in sections to the northwest (c. 61.2–65.5 Ma at North El Qasr, c. 61.2–69 Ma at Bir Abu Minqar and c. 61.2–65.5 Ma at Farafra), and reflect increased tectonic activity.During the Maastrichtian–early Paleocene a shallow sea covered the Western Desert of Egypt and the clastic sediment source was derived primarily from tectonic activity of the Gilf El Kebir spur to the southwest of Dakhla and the Bahariya arch. Uplift in the region resulted in major hiatuses in the late Maastrichtian–early Paleocene with increased erosion to the southwest. The area was located near the palaeoequator and experienced warm, wet, tropical to subtropical conditions characterized by low seasonality contrasts and predominantly chemical weathering (high kaolinite and smectite). A change towards perennially more humid conditions with enhanced runoff (increased kaolinite) occurred towards the end of the Maastrichtian and in the early Paleocene with shallow seas fringed by Nypa palm mangroves. Sediment deposition was predominantly cyclic, consisting of alternating sandstone/shale cycles with unfossiliferous shales deposited during sea-level highstands in inner neritic to lagoonal environments characterized by euryhaline, dysaerobic or low oxygen conditions. Fossiliferous calcareous sandstone layers were deposited in well-oxygenated shallow waters during sea-level lowstand periods.  相似文献   

Casing Leakage in Monitoring Wells: Detection, Confirmation, and Prevention     

G. van der  Kamp C.K. Keller 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1993,13(4):136-141

A small but significant proportion of all existing monitoring wells may be affected by leakage through the casing, usually at joints. Casing leakage can render data obtained from a monitoring well unreliable. Anomalous water level, water quality, or isotope data from a particular well are an indication of possible leakage. The occurrence of a casing leak can be confirmed by means of a pressure test using water. The magnitude of the leakage flow can be estimated from the pressure test or from the observed head anomaly. Casing leaks can be largely prevented with adequate care during monitoring well installation, but the possibility that data may be affected by casing leaks should always be taken into account during hydrogeological investigations.  相似文献   

Velocity-reversal hypothesis: A model approach     

E. A. Keller  J. L. Florsheim 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(8):733-740

Hydraulic modelling of a riffle-pool-riffle sequence in a straight reach of Dry Creek near Winters, California, indicates that while at low flow the mean (section average) velocity at riffles exceeds that of an adjacent pool, during high flow the mean velocity of the pool exceeds that of adjacent riffles. This supports the velocity-reversal hypothesis which is based on limited field measurements of near-bed flow velocity. A velocity reversal does not occur at the same discharge in both riffle-pool sequences modelled, and a more detailed explanation is necessary to account for complex aspects of channel form and process in riffle-pool sequences. Nevertheless, the velocity-reversal hypothesis helps to explain many of the observations and processes that operate in the riffle-pool environment.  相似文献   

Sedimentology of middle ordovician carbonates in the Argentine precordillera: evidence of regional relative sea-level changes     

M. Keller  S. Eberlein  O. Lehnert 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(2):362-377

The Las Aguaditas Formation in the Argentine Precordillera of San Juan is the only Ordovician carbonate sequence deposited on a slope. Spiculites, mudstones and calcisiltites represent the autochthonous sediments, characterized by a fine lamination, rare fossils and their dark colour. The pelagic fauna consists of rare radiolarians/calcispheres, trinucleid trilobites, graptolites and conodonts. The latter are typical of an open marine environment and proved a Llanvirn—Llandeilo age for the Las Aguaditas Formation.In the upper part of the succession there are several intercalations of megabreccias. Their thickness decreases from about 20 to 4 m towards the top of the formation, accompanied by an increasing amount of carbonate turbidites. The clasts of the breccias are derived from the slope as well as the platform. Each of the megabreccia horizons represents a system of channels, lobes and interchannel deposits, which together form a slope apron. On top of the lower breccia a small biostrome developed, where bryozoans and crinoids are preserved in an autochthonous position.Sedimentation of the Las Aguaditas Formation started with the drowning of the underlying carbonate platform (San Juan limestones). Near the Arenig-Llanvirn boundary, a rapid ecstatic sea-level rise led to the deposition of graptolitic black shales and mudstones. Upwards, allochthonous carbonates become increasingly abundant. The onset of megabreccia deposition coincides with a major relative sea-level fall, caused by block movements in connection with rifting. The subsequent transition from breccia formation towards turbiditic sedimentation corresponds to an environmental shift from the slope towards the toe of slope and basin and marks a renewed moderate sea-level rise. Correspondence to: M. Keller  相似文献   

Effects of Access Tube Material and Grout on Neutron Probe Measurements in the Vadose Zone     

B. R. Keller  L. G. Everett  R. J. Marks 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1990,10(1):96-100

A test-stand experiment was conducted on neutron probe measurements using steel and Schedule 40 PVC access tubes to determine the effect of backfill grout in boreholes. The experiment used a moveable simulated vadose zone. Access tubes and grout do have masking effects on vadose zone measurements, but vadose zone moisture was detected through all configurations tested. Steel tubing has a smaller masking effect than PVC tubing. The masking effect of grout increased with borehole diameter. Although this experiment produced numerical results, conclusions drawn are qualitative in nature, rather than a quantitative calibration of the technique.  相似文献   

Principles of induced polarization for geophysical exploration | J.S. Sumner, 1976. Elsevier,Amsterdam, 1976, Dfl. 70.00, $ 27.95.     

George V. Keller 《Earth》1978,14(1):73-74

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Clays and clay minerals in natural and synthetic systems | B. Velde, 1977. Elsevier,Amsterdam, 218 pp., Dfl. 62.50, $ 25.50     

W.D. Keller 《Earth》1977,13(4):375-376

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Semi-conducting ore minerals | R.T. Shuey, 1975. Elsevier,Amsterdam, 415 pp., Dfl. 55.00     

George V. Keller 《Earth》1977,13(1):64

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