Bacterial killing by Mytilus hemocyte monolayers as a model for investigating the signaling pathways involved in mussel immune defence     

Canesi L  Scarpato A  Betti M  Ciacci C  Pruzzo C  Gallo G 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):547-551

The signaling pathways involved in mussel immune defence were investigated utilizing a model of killing of Escherichia coli by Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes in a co-culture setting. In particular, the role played by different mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and by the production of eicosanoids were investigated utilising specific cell permeant, pharmacological enzyme inhibitors. Hemocyte pretreatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced bacterial killing, whereas PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK--extracellularly regulated kinase--MAPK activation) had no significant effect. Wortmannin also inhibited bacterial killing, indicating a crucial role for PI3-kinase activation in the immune response. Killing of E. coli was also reduced by inhibitors of both PLA2 and cyclooxygenase activities, indicating that eicosanoid production is involved in mediating the response to bacterial challenge. The results demonstrate that bacterial killing by mussel hemocytes is particularly sensitive to inhibitors of the key steps involved in the transduction of bacterial signals into the host cell. Moreover, these data indicate that the hemocyte bactericidal activity can be suitably utilized not only for identifying the signaling pathways involved in the response to bacterial infection, but also as a potential investigative-toxicology model to test drugs and contaminants for their effect on the overall mussel immune defence.  相似文献   

Histopathological biomarkers in estuarine fish species for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stentiford GD  Longshaw M  Lyons BP  Jones G  Green M  Feist SW 《Marine environmental research》2003,55(2):137-159

The increasing emphasis on the assessment and monitoring of estuarine ecosystems has highlighted the need to deploy appropriate biological indices for these locations. Fish diseases and histopathology, with a broad range of causes, are increasingly being used as indicators of environmental stress since they provide a definite biological end-point of historical exposure. This study reports on the histopathological alterations observed in selected organs and tissues of three species of estuarine fish (Platichthys flesus, Pomatoschistus minutus and Zoarces viviparus), captured from four British estuaries (the Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Alde), differently impacted by contaminants, including PAHs. A biannual sampling regime was used to identify the important seasonal variations that occur in terms of the observed biological effects. Inflammatory lesions and hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions attained their highest prevalence in P. flesus captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey. The presence of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic toxicopathic lesions was highest in P. flesus captured from these sites, when compared to fish from the Aide reference site. In particular, the prevalence of hepatic foci of cellular alteration (up to 43.3%) and hepatocellular adenoma (up to 10%) were highest in P. flesus captured from the Mersey estuary. Intersex (ovotestis) was only recorded in male P.flesus captured from the Mersey estuary (up to 8.3%) and from male Z. viviparous captured from the Tyne estuary (25%). Pathologies associated with the gill and the kidney were also most prevalent in fish captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey estuaries. This study has successfully applied histopathology to an estuarine monitoring program, both for the recording of toxicopathic lesions in the liver and other organs, and for the detection of the endpoint of endocrine disruption, intersex. As such, it provides a powerful integrative tool for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants in these environments.  相似文献   

金鱼单尾鳍形成的研究：Ⅱ.胚胎发育过程中外源信息...     

蔡难儿  于富才 《海洋与湖沼》1989,20(6):508-513

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五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

童裳亮  F.M.Hetrick  B.S.Roberson  A.Baya 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(2)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。  相似文献   

Measuring lysosomal stability as an effective tool for marine coastal environmental monitoring     

Castro M  Santos MM  Monteiro NM  Vieira N 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):741-745

The use of lysosomal stability in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, as a potential biomarker of environmental contamination has been evaluated along the Portuguese coast. To this end, the neutral red retention (NRR) time was measured in mussel haemocytes gathered from nine different locations reflecting different degrees of anthropogenic contamination. Mussels collected in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas showed the lowest lysosomal stability. Additionally, no significant seasonal variability (winter-spring/summer) for NRR time was observed. In order to further support the usefulness of this method as an integrated tool for monitoring marine coastal environments, we compared the levels of xenobiotics in mussel tissues with the obtained NRR values. The results highlighted a consistent pattern, with the lowest lysosomal stability intimately correlated with the higher contaminant concentrations. In summary, this integrated approach further demonstrated that the NRR assay can provide useful and objective indications of the real health status of organisms subjected to different stress agents, being a valid option for environmental monitoring.  相似文献   

江苏辐射沙州潮汐通道建港可行性初报：以黄沙洋为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡明理  马仲荃 《海岸工程》1992,11(3):34-42

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前陆盆地向稳定状态的演化：来自台湾西部前陆盆地的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Covey  M. 项光 《海洋地质译丛》1989,(1):36-43

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化学分散原油在海洋围隔生态系中迁移过程的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

庄栋法  吴省三  林昱  蔡子平 《海洋学报》1997,19(1):43-49

本文研究了以Corexit-9527分散剂分散、初始浓度为15mg/dm3的胜利原油在海洋围隔生态系中的迁移过程.实验结果表明原油的扩散混合,到第4天在围隔水体中呈均匀分布状态,实验前期细菌快速降解石油烃、悬浮颗粒物吸附石油烃逐渐沉降到沉积物中以及包括特定的围隔袋壁大量吸附石油烃是化学分散原油在围隔体中重要迁移过程.围隔体受到剧烈扰动和沉降物的再悬浮现象明显影响石油烃的迁移过程.  相似文献   

碳同位素质谱法探讨现代海洋有机沉积物来源     

朱桂海  Jame M.Brooks 《海洋学研究》1986,(2)

本文用NUCLIDE RMS 6-60质谱仪测定了长江口及邻近海区(北纬30°06′至31°15′,东经122°30′至124°30′)表层沉积物中有机碳稳定同位素组成(δ~(13)C为-23.6×10~(-3)—-21.3×10~(-3))、有机碳含量(0.4—0.1％),溶剂可提取有机物浓度及有机C/N比值。结果表明,从有机地球化学角度解释并证实了其他地学家在该区域的研完成果,即东海陆架泥质沉积物主要由陆源悬浮物和海洋浮游生物体混合组成,长江入海物质随着远离长江口而递减,大部分陆源悬浮物向东南运移,并沉积在东经123°以西的长江口区。  相似文献   

海洋地理信息系统   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

蔡明理  施丙文 《海洋科学》1993,17(6):31-33

地理信息系统是处理和分析空间数据的数字系统。所谓海洋地理信息系统实际上是一种以计算机为主体,对海洋数据与资料进行输入、存贮、分类、查询、分析处理、运用模拟、输出的服务性与应用性相结合的信息系统。随着计算机科学、数学和空间技术的发展,地理信息系统已经超出了“地理学”的应用范畴,已对整个空间信息进行处理。受到国内外海洋学家们的极大关注。全球尺度的海洋学研究亦需要建立基于海洋环境因素的海洋地理信息系统。  相似文献