一种计算高铁沉降预测常用模型参数的新方法     

张吉春  明祖涛 《测绘通报》2016,(1):95-98

高速铁路的修建需要对线下构筑物进行沉降观测和沉降评估。本文深入研究了常用的5种预测函数模型及其参数的一般解算方法,并基于Matlab软件的lsqcurvefit函数提出了一种新的参数解算方法,最后通过实际工程数据检验,证明了该方法有较高的可行性和精确度。  相似文献   

The growth mechanism of the aragonitic stalagmite laminae from Yunnan Xianren Cave,SW China revealed by cave monitoring     

WUHUI DUAN  BINGGUI CAI  MING TAN  HONG LIU  YONG ZHANG 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(1):113-123

Duan, W., Cai, B., Tan, M., Liu, H. & Zhang, Y. 2012 (January): The growth mechanism of the aragonitic stalagmite laminae from Yunnan Xianren Cave, SW China revealed by cave monitoring. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 113–123. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00226.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Stalagmites from Xianren Cave in Yunnan Province, SW China have visible bands of alternating compact and porous sub‐layers, which have recently been demonstrated to be annual: the compact sub‐layer consists of elongated columnar aragonites with a general longitudinal orientation (parallel to the vertical growth axis), while the porous sub‐layer is composed mainly of needle aragonites forming radiating masses. In order to understand the growth mechanism of this type of stalagmite laminae, factors that could determine the growth rate and crystal structures of modern carbonates, such as cave‐air temperature, CO₂ concentration, drip rate and the hydrochemical parameters of drip water, have been monitored systematically. In this study, we selected five active drip sites to monitor for two years at a monthly frequency. Based on the monitoring results and the analyses of stalagmite laminae, we conclude that the compact sub‐layer forms in winter, when the drip rate is moderate and the degassing is slow, continuous and prolonged. The porous sub‐layer forms in early spring, when the drip rate is lower and Mg/Ca is higher than that during the formation of the compact sub‐layer. We also found exceptionally some calcite laminae. Furthermore, we discovered modern calcites precipitating at all study sites in the first hydrologic year when the rainfall was very abundant. Therefore, it is suggested that the occurrence of localized calcites in an aragonitic stalagmite indicates an interval of higher rainfall.  相似文献   

泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)重组铁蛋白富集锰铁后的磁学性质解析     

吴燕  魏梦泽  苏倡  明庭红  蒋琴琴  司开学  周君  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):168-173

利用埋栖性双壳类生物泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)重组铁蛋白富集锰铁的性质,在不同锰铁浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒,通过扫描电镜观察高、中和低三个浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的表面形貌,通过PPMS综合物性测量系统测定Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的磁学性质。结果显示,在低浓度(0.1mmol/L)锰铁制备的Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒粒径均一,分散性好;发现Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白的磁滞回线均表现为超顺磁性,且随着重组铁蛋白对锰铁富集量的增加,磁性强度随之增大,增加速率逐渐减小。通过本实验探索高、中和低三个浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的磁化强度变化规律,为Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的应用提供数据支持。  相似文献   

基于自然属性的无居民海岛等别划分          下载免费PDF全文

闫文文  谷东起  田梓文  明洁  王勇智  黄沛  孙惠凤  于晓晓 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(4):9-12

为科学配置我国无居民海岛资源,促进无居民海岛的开发利用与保护,文章基于无居民海岛的自然属性,研究无居民海岛的等别划分。研究结果表明:对于可开发利用的无居民海岛,以充分体现海岛价值、定性和定量相结合以及具有导向性、客观性和可操作性为原则划分等别;遴选权益价值、生态价值和资源价值3类要素及其14个指标,构建无居民海岛等别划分指标体系;除直接定性划分为禁止开发利用等别和最高等别的无居民海岛外,依据海岛的面积、离岸距离、植被和沙滩情况,将无居民海岛划分为6个等别。基于自然属性的无居民海岛等别划分指标体系更具科学性和实用性。  相似文献   

温度对土壤介电常数的影响规律研究北大核心CSCD     

杜玉霞  明锋  赵淑萍  张淑娟  杨旭 《冰川冻土》2022,44(2):634-642

介电常数是频域反射法测定土样含水率的关键参数之一。为获取温度对土壤介电常数的影响规律,利用矢量网络分析仪测得不同含水率、含盐量的试样在不同试验温度下的介电常数。通过分析土样介电常数随不同因素的变化规律,最后建立了介电常数与温度的关系。结果表明:温度对土样介电常数的影响主要表现在冰水剧烈相变阶段。当温度低于某一温度或者高于冻结温度后,介电常数受温度的影响较小。负温条件下,土样介电常数随含盐量增大而增大。引入阶梯函数建立的三阶段模型,可有效描述土样介电常数随温度的变化规律。  相似文献   

循环冻融下寒区工程常用保温材料性能变化试验研究北大核心CSCD     

李凌洁  穆彦虎  明锋  朱小明  张坤  庞小冲 《冰川冻土》2022,44(2):693-707

保温材料广泛应用于寒区工程的诸多领域。然而,在服役过程中,保温材料往往会受到浸水、冻融和盐蚀等多场耦合的循环作用,导致其保温、防水和强度等物理力学性能出现不同程度的退化。目前,保温材料的类型非常多,但其性能和耐久性有所不同,因此科学合理地选择保温材料不仅关系到其长期保温效果,同时对于工程构筑物的长期稳定性具有重要的意义。针对循环冻融作用,选取寒区工程中常用的4种保温材料[聚酚醛(FLK)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚苯乙烯挤塑板(XPS)和聚苯乙烯发泡板(EPS)]开展了浸纯水、浸盐水和干燥状态下的室内冻融循环试验,对经历了不同冻融次数的样品进行了表观密度、吸水率、导热系数、压缩强度、弯曲强度和微观结构系列测试。结果表明:浸润作用对保温材料物理力学性质影响显著,亲水性材料FLK的保温和力学性能退化显著,而憎水性材料PU、XPS和EPS变化相对较小。干燥条件下,冻融循环作用对FLK、XPS和EPS吸水率以及FLK的导热系数影响量值可观,但对4种保温材料的压缩和弯曲强度影响不大。浸纯水和盐水条件下,经历30次冻融循环后,FLK的导热系数增加约50%,弯曲强度降低超过0.3%,EPS的压缩强度降低超过10%。浸盐水后保温材料经历冻融循环作用后其物理力学性能退化程度与浸纯水条件下有所不同,该差异值得关注。通过扫描电镜图像能够识别4种保温材料的孔隙尺寸、孔隙致密度和固体颗粒胶结方式,但对经历冻融循环作用后的变化难以识别和量化。基于试验结果,结合寒区交通工程应用场景,分析了4种保温材料的冻融耐久性,以期服务于寒区交通工程保温材料的合理应用。  相似文献   

卫星资料揭示的青藏高原对流层上层温度气候演变趋势特征     

明绍慧  秦正坤  黄瑜 《高原气象》2019,(2):264-277

利用1982—2016年MSU/AMSU-A亮温资料,分析了青藏高原地区对流层上层温度的气候趋势及其演变特征,并利用ERA-Interim和NCEP-R2再分析资料的相应高度大气温度资料进行了对比分析。结果表明,青藏高原地区对流层高层卫星亮温资料总体表现为逐渐增暖现象,这与再分析资料的对应层次大气温度变化有很好的相似性。基于集合经验模式分解方法 EEMD的非线性趋势分析表明,青藏高原地区对流层上层亮温的增温首先出现在青藏高原中部,随着时间演变,增温现象逐渐向青藏高原四周扩散,最后在整个青藏高原地区都出现了一致增温现象。相比于NCEP-R2再分析资料而言,ERA-Interim再分析资料300 h Pa大气温度的演变趋势与观测亮温有很好的相似性,只是增温现象是首先在青藏高原附近,随着时间推移,增温现象逐步向周边地区扩张,最终整个青藏高原地区出现了整体升温现象。但是NCEP-R2再分析资料则是与上述两种资料的温度演变特征有很大的差异,其300 h Pa高度大气温度在前20年表现为明显的降温特征,在最近10年才出现了增温,并逐步向周边地区扩张的现象。  相似文献   

试论山地高梯度效应——以横断山地的自然-人文景观效应为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

明庆忠  史正涛  邓亚静  董铭 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):925-930

山地是地球表面具有显著起伏度和坡度的三维地貌体,由于自然要素及受其影响的人类活动随海拔高度和相对高度的变化而产生了梯变现象,形成了山地高梯度效应.山地高梯度效应是表征山地随海拔高度和相对高差变化而导致的自然-人文景观的梯次变化现象,是山地地域系统演变的综合集成效应.横断山区是我国典型的高山峡谷区,山地高梯度效表现显著.山地高梯度效应的内涵包括了能量(山地重力势能、热能、生物质能等)高梯度效应、气候高梯度效应、气候地貌高梯度效应、自然带谱高梯度效应、人文社会经济活动(如土地利用等)高梯度效应、人居环境高梯度效应等.山地高梯度效应研究是响应IGBP、IHDP、GTOS等提出的“全球变化与山区-山地研究倡议”的重要行动,也是山地综合研究的重要途径和方法,对山区自然资源利益、社会经济发展、生态环境建设、山区可持续发展等有着重要的意义和价值.  相似文献   

Mineral Chemistry of Peridotites from Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Lithosphere: Constraints on Mantle Evolution beneath Eastern China   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

ZHENG  JIANPING; GRIFFIN  WILLIAM L.; O'REILLY  SUZANNE Y.; YANG  JINSUI; LI  TIANFU; ZHANG  MING; ZHANG  RUTH Y.; LIOU  JOHN G. 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(11):2233-2256

Major- and trace-element data on the constituent minerals ofgarnet peridotite xenoliths hosted in early Paleozoic (457–500Ma) kimberlites and Neogene (16–18 Ma) volcanic rockswithin the North China Craton are compared with those from thepre-pilot hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific DrillingProject (CCSD-PP1) in the tectonically exhumed Triassic (220Ma) Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane along its southernmargin. P–T estimates for the Paleozoic and Neogene peridotitexenoliths reflect different model geotherms corresponding tosurface heat flows of 40 mW/m² (Paleozoic) and 80 mW/m² (Neogene).Garnet peridotite xenoliths or xenocrysts from the Paleozoickimberlites are strongly depleted, similar to peridotites fromother areas of cratonic mantle, with magnesium olivine (meanFo_92.7), Cr-rich garnet and clinopyroxene with high La/Yb. Garnet(and spinel) peridotite xenoliths hosted in Neogene basaltsare derived from fertile mantle; they have high Al₂O₃ and TiO₂contents, low-Mg-number olivine (mean Fo_89.5), low-Cr garnetand diopside with flat rare earth element (REE) patterns. Thedifferences between the Paleozoic and Neogene xenoliths suggestthat a buoyant refractory lithospheric keel present beneaththe eastern North China Craton in Paleozoic times was at leastpartly replaced by younger, hotter and more fertile lithosphericmantle during Mesozoic–Cenozoic times. Garnet peridotitesfrom the Sulu UHP terrane have less magnesian olivine (Fo_91.5),and lower-Cr garnet than the Paleozoic xenoliths. The diopsideshave low heavy REE (HREE) contents and sinusoidal to light REE(LREE)-enriched REE patterns. These features, and their highMg/Si and low CaO and Al₂O₃ contents, indicate that the CCSD-PP1peridotites represent a moderately refractory mantle protolith.Details of mineral chemistry indicate that this protolith experiencedcomplex metasomatism by asthenosphere-derived melts or fluidsin Mesoproterozoic, and subsolidus re-equilibration involvingfluids/melts derived from the subducted Yangtze continentalcrust during UHP metamorphism in the early Mesozoic. Tectonicextension of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the NorthChina Craton and exhumation of the Sulu UHP rocks in the earlyMesozoic induced upwelling of the asthenosphere. Peridotitessampled by the Neogene basalts represent newly formed lithospherederived by cooling of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle inJurassic–Cretaceous and Paleogene time. KEY WORDS: garnet peridotite xenoliths; North China Craton; lithospheric thinning; Sulu UHP terrane; UHP lithosphere evolution; mantle replacement  相似文献   

Nonlinear Association between Winter Atmospheric Circulation Anomaly over Northern Hemisphere and ENSO     

GUO Pin-wen  LI Ting  JIANG Yue-hong 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(5)

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