Sediments and sedimentary rocks, 2nd ed., volume 2, part 1: Hans Füchtbauer,with a contribution by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke. John Wiley and Sons,Inc., Halsted Press Division,New York, 464 pp., $49.50     

G.V. Middleton 《Quaternary Research》1976,6(2):320-321

  相似文献   

Sedimentary structures of ephemeral streams,M.D. Picard,L.R., High Jr (Eds.), Elsevier,Amsterdam (1973), p. 223, Dfl. 75.00     

G.V. Middleton 《Engineering Geology》1973,7(4):402-403

  相似文献   

Wind-generated solitons: A potentially significant mechanism in ocean surface wave generation and surface scattering     

Middleton  D. Mellen  R. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1985,10(4):471-476

  相似文献   

Role of in situ cosmogenic nuclides 10be and 26al in the study of diverse geomorphic processes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Nishiizumi  C. P. Kohl  J. R. Arnold  R. Dorn  I. Klein  D. Fink  R. Middleton  D. Lal 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(5):407-425

The central premises of applications of the in situ cosmogenic dating method for studying specific problems in geomorphology are outlined for simple and complex exposure settings. In the light of these general models, we discuss the information that can be derived about geomorphic processes, utilizing concentrations of in situ produced cosmogenic radionuclides ¹⁰Be (half-life=1·5 ma) and ²⁶A1 (half-life=0·7 ma) in a variety of geomorphic contexts: glacial polish and tills; meteorite impact craters; alluvial fans; paleo-beach ridges; marine terraces; sand dunes; and bedrock slopes. We also compare ¹⁰Be-²⁶Al data with results obtained by other dating methods. We conclude that the technique of measuring in situ cosmic ray produced nuclides holds promise for quantitative studies of processes and time-scales in a wide range of geomorphological problems.  相似文献   

The surface energy balance and the mixing height in urban areas—activities and recommendations of COST-Action 715     

Martin Piringer  Sylvain Joffre  Alexander Baklanov  Andreas Christen  Marco Deserti  Koen De Ridder  Stefan Emeis  Patrice Mestayer  Maria Tombrou  Douglas Middleton  Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer  Aggeliki Dandou  Ari Karppinen  Jerzy Burzynski 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(1):3-24

The specific problems of determining and simulating the surface energy balance (SEB) and the mixing height (MH) over urban areas are examined. The SEB and MH are critical components of algorithms and numerical models for the urban boundary layer, though the constituent parts of the SEB and the MH are not routinely measured by national weather services. Parameterisations are thus needed in applications. In this investigation, several recently developed algorithms and models for estimating the SEB and MH were applied to new datasets and assessed. Results are discussed in terms of the need for spatial resolution and the parameters needed to describe the urban atmosphere. Limitations of models are identified and recommendations for further development and observations are given. Having identified gaps in knowledge, key findings from new urban experiments and numerical modelling for the SEB and MH are given. The diurnal cycle for the SEB is significantly different from rural conditions—urban heat storage is needed in urban parameterisations. The urban MH is increased over the rural MH, as shown by several numerical schemes and careful sodar analyses. This work has been carried out within the COST-715 Action “Meteorology applied to urban air pollution problems (1998–2004). COST 715 reached a consensus proposing representatively sited measurements of meteorological parameters and turbulent fluxes above roof-tops, and recognised that such data are needed to improve numerical models of the urban surface processes.  相似文献   

Measuring river velocities using GPS River Flow Tracers (GRiFTers)     

R. J. Stockdale  S. J. McLelland  R. Middleton  T. J. Coulthard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(8):1315-1322

Existing methods of measuring flow velocities in natural rivers are largely based on series of point measurements. Acquisition of these data can be time consuming and difficult, especially in high flow conditions. This paper introduces the use of GPS drifters (termed GRiFTers) to measure surface flow velocities in a 400 m reach of the River Swale, UK. Over 10 000 measurements were made in a 3 hour period and aggregated over a 2 m grid to generate a genuine distributed representation of flow across the reach. The technique shows great promise to provide new insights into flow patterns over long reaches of rivers, over a range of flow conditions, and may also provide valuable data for numerical model validation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Rates of planimetric change in a proglacial gravel-bed braided river: Field measurement and physical modelling     

L. Middleton  P. Ashmore  P. Leduc  D. Sjogren 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(3):752-765

Planimetric change was measured on daily hydrographs over two meltwater seasons using time-lapse images of the proglacial, gravel, braided, Sunwapta River, Canada. Significant planimetric change occurred on 10–15 days per year. Area of planimetric change correlated with peak and total daily meltwater hydrograph discharge. A clear threshold discharge can be identified below which no planform activity occurs, an intermediate range over which change occurs conditionally, and a peak flow range at which significant change always occurs. Field conditions were reproduced in a physical model in a laboratory flume. Photogrammetric DEMs of bed morphology and measurements of bedload output were made for each hydrograph experimental run. The physical model results for planimetric change had a threshold discharge for change, and trend with discharge, similar to the field data. The model data also show that planimetric change correlates strongly with volumes of erosion/deposition measured from successive DEMs, and with bedload transport rate. The relation between planimetric change and topographic change is also apparent from previous cross-section surveys at the field site. The results highlight the planimetric dynamics of braiding rivers in relation to discharge forcing, and the relationship between planimetric change, morphological change, and bedload transport in braided rivers. This also points to the potential use of measurements of planimetric change from time-lapse imagery as a low-cost method for high-frequency monitoring for braiding dynamics and also a surrogate for bedload transport measurement. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantification of glacial till chemical composition by reflectance spectroscopy     

Maarit Middleton  Paavo Närhi  Viljo Kuosmanen  Raimo Sutinen 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(12):2215-2225

Chemometric modelling of soil element concentrations from diffuse visible and near-infrared (VSWIR, 350–2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopic measurements holds potential for soil element analyses. Research has demonstrated it particularly for organic agricultural soils, yet little is known about the VSWIR response of glacial tills. Soils with low organic matter content developed on unstratified glacial materials were studied at two geologically similar sites on the mafic metavolcanic rocks of the Lapland Greenstone belt in northern Finland. The till samples (n = 217) were composed primarily of quartz, plagioclase and amphibole having less than 3% of clinochlore, talc and illite. VSWIR spectra of mineral powder (<0.06 mm) samples were measured in the laboratory, and the spectral reflectance was regressed against partial elemental concentrations of till obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) following hot aqua regia digestion. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) analyses resulted in simultaneous prediction (R² = 0.80–0.89) of several soil chemical elements such as Al (validation RMSE 1802 mg kg⁻¹), Ba (5.85 mg kg⁻¹), Co (0.86 mg kg⁻¹), Cr (6.94 mg kg⁻¹), Cu (2.54 mg kg⁻¹), Fe (2088 mg kg⁻¹), Mg (449.6 mg kg⁻¹), Mn (0.82 mg kg⁻¹), Ni (3.24 mg kg⁻¹), V (4.88 mg kg⁻¹), and Zn (0.80 mg kg⁻¹). The electronic and vibrational molecular processes causing absorption might be responsible for accurate predictions of major elements such as Al, Fe and Mg. However, the concentrations of other major and trace elements could be predicted by the PLSR because they were cross-correlated to spectrally active soil elements or extraneous soil properties. Therefore, the applicability of the results is highly sample set specific. Further, the results show that in local scale studies at geologically fairly homogenous areas the limited spread of the data may restrict the use of the spectroscopic–chemometric approach. This paper demonstrates the capability of laboratory VSWIR spectroscopy for determining element concentrations of glacial tills. Further work should focus on overcoming the issues of sampling scale and understanding the causality for cross-correlation in quantification of the elements.  相似文献   

Guest Editorial: Ecological knowledge co-production and the contested imaginaries of development in Southeast Asia     

Robert A. Farnan  Sally Beckenham  Carl Middleton 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(1):37-43

  相似文献   

Long-term impacts of dust storms on transport systems in south-eastern Iran     

Miri  Abbas  Middleton  Nick 《Natural Hazards》2022,114(1):291-312

Natural Hazards - Dust storms are frequent in the Sistan region of south-eastern Iran and cause a wide range of problems, but few studies have assessed their negative impacts. This paper makes an...  相似文献