Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy,active-margin coasts     

Patrick L. Barnard  Maarten van Ormondt  Li H. Erikson  Jodi Eshleman  Cheryl Hapke  Peter Ruggiero  Peter N. Adams  Amy C. Foxgrover 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(2):1095-1125

The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) applies a predominantly deterministic framework to make detailed predictions (meter scale) of storm-induced coastal flooding, erosion, and cliff failures over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers). CoSMoS was developed for hindcast studies, operational applications (i.e., nowcasts and multiday forecasts), and future climate scenarios (i.e., sea-level rise + storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm hazards information that may be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. The prototype system, developed for the California coast, uses the global WAVEWATCH III wave model, the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry-based global tide model, and atmospheric-forcing data from either the US National Weather Service (operational mode) or Global Climate Models (future climate mode), to determine regional wave and water-level boundary conditions. These physical processes are dynamically downscaled using a series of nested Delft3D-WAVE (SWAN) and Delft3D-FLOW (FLOW) models and linked at the coast to tightly spaced XBeach (eXtreme Beach) cross-shore profile models and a Bayesian probabilistic cliff failure model. Hindcast testing demonstrates that, despite uncertainties in preexisting beach morphology over the ~500 km alongshore extent of the pilot study area, CoSMoS effectively identifies discrete sections of the coast (100s of meters) that are vulnerable to coastal hazards under a range of current and future oceanographic forcing conditions, and is therefore an effective tool for operational and future climate scenario planning.  相似文献   

Radiative transfer in disc galaxies – II. The influence of scattering and geometry on the attenuation curve     

Maarten Baes †  Herwig Dejonghe 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,326(2):733-744

We investigate the influence of scattering and geometry on the attenuation curve in disc galaxies. We investigate both qualitatively and quantitatively which errors are made by either neglecting or approximating scattering, and which uncertainties are introduced as a result of a simplification of the star–dust geometry. We find that the magnitude of these errors depends on the inclination of the galaxy and, in particular, that, for face-on galaxies, the errors due to improper treatment of scattering dominate those due to imprecise star–dust geometry. Therefore we argue that, in all methods aimed at determining the opacity of disc galaxies, scattering should be taken into account in a proper way.  相似文献   

Galaxies as fluctuations in the ionizing background radiation at low redshift     

Suzanne M. Linder  Roland Gunesch  Jonathan I. Davies  Maarten Baes  Rhodri Evans  Sarah Roberts  Sabina Sabatini  Rodney Smith 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,342(4):1093-1101

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The H i detection of low column density clouds and galaxies     

Suzanne M. Linder  Robert F. Minchin  Jonathan I. Davies  Maarten Baes  Rhodri Evans  Sarah Roberts  Sabina Sabatini  Rodney Smith 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,353(1):201-210

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How well do integrated assessment models represent non-CO2 radiative forcing?     

Mathijs J. H. M. Harmsen  Detlef P van Vuuren  Maarten van den Berg  Andries F Hof  Chris Hope  Volker Krey  Jean-Francois Lamarque  Adriana Marcucci  Drew T Shindell  Michiel Schaeffer 《Climatic change》2015,133(4):565-582

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Size distribution of submarine landslides along the middle continental slope of the East China Sea     

Maarten Vanneste 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(4):322-326

This paper investigates the size distribution of submarine landslides on the middle continental slope of the East China Sea (ECS) using the size of the landslide source regions. Geomorphometric mapping is used to identify 102 mass movements from multibeam bathymetric data and to extract morphological information about the head scarps and side walls. These mass movements have areas ranging between 0.06 km² and 15.51 km² and volumes between 0.002 km³ and 2 km³. The area vs volume relationship of these failure scarps is approximately linear, suggesting a fairly uniform failure thickness in each event with scarce deep excavating landslides. The cumulative area distribution of the slope failures can be described by an inverse power law. The submarine landslides on the mid-ECS continental slope could be considered as a large-scale self-organizing system because they have the characteristics of a dissipative system in a critical state.  相似文献   

东海内陆架泥质沉积反映的古环境演化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王可  郑洪波  Maarten Prins  郑妍 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(4)

通过对东海内陆架闽浙沿岸泥质沉积体的MD06-3040孔进行粒度及年代测试,重建了东海内陆架1万年以来的古环境.认为研究区的沉积环境曾发生过3次变化:孔深18.6 m至底部(10～10.7 kaBP)对应近滨环境;15.13～18.6 m (7.1～10 kaBP) 为过渡带环境;0～15.13 m (0～7.1 kaBP)是海侵结束后高海平面的浅海环境,自10 kaBP以来东海沿岸流开始影响本区并不断输送河流来源物质,7 kaBP起形成稳定的泥质沉积体.根据该孔沉积物的沉积速率与粒度组分特征,说明不能简单地应用平均粒径指示冬季风强度,在东海地区,不仅冬季风控制着沿岸流强度,夏季风也会影响河流入海物质的搬运沉积作用.  相似文献   

Late Holocene climate change in central Sweden inferred from lacustrine stable isotope data     

Sofia Andersson  Gunhild Rosqvist  Melanie j. leng  Stefan Wastegård  Maarten Blaauw 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(8):1305-1316

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Bottom-simulating reflections and geothermal gradients across the western Svalbard margin     

Maarten Vanneste  Stéphanie Guidard  Jürgen Mienert 《地学学报》2005,17(6):510-516

Seismic reflection data reveal prominent bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) within the relatively young (<0.78 Ma) sediments along the West Svalbard continental margin. The potential hydrate occurrence zone covers an area of c. 1600 km². The hydrate accumulation zone is bound by structural/tectonic features (Knipovich Ridge, Molloy Transform Fault, Vestnesa Ridge) and the presence of glacigenic debris lobes inhibiting hydrate formation upslope. The thickness of the gas-zone underneath the BSR varies laterally, and reaches a maximum of c. 150 ms. Using the BSR as an in-situ temperature proxy, geothermal gradients increase gradually from 70 to 115 °C km⁻¹ towards the Molloy Transform Fault. Anomalies only occur in the immediate vicinity of normal faults, where the BSR shoals, indicating near-vertical heat/fluid flow within the fault zones. Amplitude analyses suggest that sub-horizontal fluid migration also takes place along the stratigraphy. As the faults are related to the northwards propagation of the Knipovich Ridge, long-term disturbance of hydrate stability appears related to incipient rifting processes.  相似文献   

The pseudo-primary field due to a point-source in a finely layered medium     

Maarten V. de  Hoop  Hung-Wen Chang  Robert Burridge 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,104(3):489-506

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