Land transformation assessment using the integration of remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study of Al-Anbar Province,Iraq     

Mohammed A. Jasim  Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri  Alireza Hamedianfar  Maher Ibrahim Sameen 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(15):667

Human activities and climate changes significantly affect our environment, altering hydrologic cycles. Several environmental, social, political, and economical factors contribute to land transformation as well as environmental changes. This study first identified the most critical factors that affect the environment in Al-Anbar city including population growth, urbanization expansion, bare land expansion, and reduction in vegetation cover. The combination of remote sensing data and fuzzy analytic hierarch process (Fuzzy AHP) enabled exploration of land transformations and environmental changes in the study area during 2001 to 2013 in terms of long and short-term changes. Results of land transformation showed that the major changes in water bodies increased radically (94 %) from the long-term change in 2001 to 2013 because of water policies. In addition, the urban class expanded in two short-term periods (2001–2007 and 2007–2013), representing net changes of 46 and 60 %, respectively. Finally, barren land showed 25 % reduction in the first period because of the huge expansion of water in the lake; a small percentage of growth gain was observed in the second period. Based on the land transformation results, the environmental degradation assessment showed that the study area generally had high level of environmental degradation. The degradation was mostly in the center and the north part of the study area. This study suggested for further studies to include other factors that also responsible for environmental degradation such as water quality and desertification threatening.  相似文献   

Palynology and palynofacies of the Upper Cretaceous succession of the El-Noor-1X borehole,northwestern Egypt     

Maher I. El-Soughier 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(4):1297-1311

Palynological and palynofacies analyses were carried out on some middle–upper Cretaceous samples from the El-Noor-1X borehole, northern Western Desert, Egypt. Palynological age has lead to a refinement of the original ages suggested by the drilling company. Upper Albian–Lower Cenomanian, Upper Cenomanian, and Turonian–Coniacian were recognized. The palaeoenvironment was interpreted on the basis of the ecological preferences of the palynomorphs. It was fluctuating between marginal to inner-middle shelf environment. Distribution of araucaroid pollen and xerophytes suggests that arid or semi-arid paleclimate prevailed during the deposition of the studied sediments. A warm tropical palaeoclimate is suggested on the basis of abundance of hygrophilous plants. Based on the recovered palynological organic matter, two palynofacies were recognized: palynofacies A for the Bahariya Formation, which suggests kerogen type III, and palynofacies B for the upper Bahariya and Abu Roash Formations, which suggests kerogen type IX. Data gathered from the theoretically estimated vitrinite reflectances, which are based on spore/pollen coloration, and visual pterographic kerogen analysis are used to define the source rock potentialities of the studied sediments.  相似文献   

Evaluation and rehabilitation of dam seepage problems. A case study: Kafrein dam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi  Mohanned Al-Sheriadeh 《Engineering Geology》2000,56(3-4):335-345

The intention of this study is to locate the probable sources of the Kafrein dam seepage problem. A methodology known as excitation-response analysis will be considered. Analytical expressions, depicting the groundwater level response in the underlying aquifer as a result of changes in the reservoir water level, were derived from a linearized groundwater flow equation for one-dimensional semi-infinite, isotropic and homogeneous porous media. The results revealed that a large proportion of the seepage water originates from a site at a distance about 1 km from the observation point M1 and streamlines along the existing faults. Emphasis in this work was also placed on controling and mitigating the seepage problem.  相似文献   

Uptake and metabolism of arsenate by anexic cultures of the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum     

Simon Foster  Danielle Thomson  William Maher   《Marine Chemistry》2008,108(3-4):172-183

Axenic cultures of the microalgae species, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum were grown at arsenic (As) concentrations typically found in uncontaminated marine environments ( 2 µg L^− 1) under different phosphorus concentrations. D. tertiolecta accumulated higher arsenic concentrations (mean: 13.7 ± 0.7 µg g^− 1 dry mass) than P. tricornutum (mean: 1.9 ± 0.2 µg g−1 dry mass). Media phosphorus concentrations (0.6–3 mg/L) had little influence on microalgae growth rates or arsenic accumulation. Arsenic was present as lipid bound (29–38%; 4.2–9.5%), water-soluble (20–29%; 26–34%) and residue bound (41–45%; 57–69%) arsenic species in D. tertiolecta and P. tricornutum respectively. Hydrolysed lipids contained mostly glycerol arsenoribose (OH- ribose), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and inorganic arsenic (As(V)) moieties. Water-soluble species of microalgae were very different. D. tertiolecta contained inorganic arsenic (54–86%) with variable amounts of DMA (7.4–20%), arsenoriboses (5–25%) and traces of methylarsonate (MA) ( 1%). P. tricornutum contained mostly DMA (32–56%) and phosphate arsenoribose (PO₄-ribose, 23–49%) and small amounts of OH-ribose (3.8–6.5%) and As(V) (9–16%). Both microalgae contained an unknown cationic arsenic species. The residue fractions of both microalgae contained predominately inorganic arsenic (99–100%). These results show that at natural seawater arsenic concentrations, both algae take up substantial amounts of inorganic arsenic that is complexed with structural elements or sequestered in vacuoles as stable complexes. A significant portion is also incorporated into lipids. Arsenic is metabolised to simple methylated species and arsenoriboses.  相似文献   

Utilization of pneumatic flow tube mixing technique (PFTM) for processing and stabilization of contaminated soft sediments in the NY/NJ Harbor     

Ali Maher  Masaki Kitazume  Robert Miskewitz  Scott Douglas  David Yang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):271-279

A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the use of the pneumatic flow tube mixing method for stabilization and solidification of soft sediments dredged from the New York/New Jersey Harbor. The study included a comprehensive laboratory investigation aimed at determining the ideal mix for pneumatic flow tube mixing stabilization, and a pilot-scale demonstration of the pneumatic flow tube mixing technique in the field. Material stabilized during the demonstration was analyzed through unconfined compression tests, needle tests, laboratory vane shear tests, and flow tests in the laboratory and the cone penetration test in the field. Curing times for the samples were 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The three cement content mixes were 4, 8, and 12% by weight (wet weight). Pneumatic flow tube mixing was demonstrated to be an efficient and rapid method for soft sediment stabilization with the resulting material showing uniform quality of mix meeting, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s geotechnical and environmental fill placement criteria.  相似文献