Spatially explicit surface energy budget and partitioning with remote sensing and flux measurements in a boreal region of Interior Alaska     

Shengli Huang  Devendra Dahal  Ramesh Singh  Heping Liu  Claudia Young  Shuguang Liu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,113(3-4):549-560

Extrapolating energy fluxes between the ground surface and the atmospheric boundary layer from point-based measurements to spatially explicit landscape estimation is critical to understand and quantify the energy balance components and exchanges in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. This information is difficult to quantify and are often lacking. Using a Landsat image (acquired on 5 August 2004), the flux measurements from three eddy covariance flux towers (a 1987 burn, a 1999 burn, and an unburned control site) and a customized satellite-based surface energy balance model of Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC), we estimated net radiation, sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), and soil heat flux (G) for the boreal Yukon River Basin of Interior Alaska. The model requires user selection of two extreme conditions present within the image area to calibrate and anchor the sensible flux output. One is the “hot” condition which refers to a bare soil condition with specified residual evaporation rates. Another one is the “cold” condition which refers to a fully transpiring vegetation such as full-cover agricultural crops. We selected one bare field as the “hot” condition while we explored three different scenarios for the “cold” pixel because of the absence of larger expanses of agricultural fields within the image area. For this application over boreal forest, selecting agricultural fields whose evapotranspiration was assumed to be 1.05 times the alfalfa-based reference evapotranspiration as the “cold” pixel could result in large errors. Selecting an unburned flux tower site as the “cold” pixel could achieve acceptable results, but uncertainties remain about the energy balance closure of the flux towers. We found that METRIC performs reasonably well in partitioning energy fluxes in a boreal landscape.  相似文献   

Poynting–Robertson (P–R) drag and oblateness effects on motion around the triangular equilibrium points in the photogravitational R3BP     

Jagadish Singh  Tajudeen Oluwafemi Amuda 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,350(1):119-126

This paper investigates the motion of a test particle around the triangular equilibrium points under the effects of radiation pressure of the second primary and its Poynting–Robertson (P–R) effect when the first primary is an oblate spheroid. It is seen that triangular points are influenced by the presence of these parameters: radiation pressure from the secondary and the incidental P–R effect and the oblateness of the first primary. The linear stability of the problem is studied and applied to the binary system RXJ 0450.1-5856, the triangular points are unstable due to positive roots in the Lyapunov sense when P–R effect is considered as against their conditional stability in the absence of P–R drag effect.  相似文献   

Motion and stability of triangular equilibrium points in elliptical restricted three body problem under the radiating primaries     

A. Narayan  Nutan Singh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,352(1):57-70

This paper studies the motion and orbital stability of the infinitesimal mass in the vicinity of the equilateral (triangular) Lagrangian points of the elliptic restricted three body problem, considering photo gravitational effects of both the primaries. The stability of the triangular points is studied under the effects of radiating primaries around the binary system (Achird, Luyten, αCen AB, Kruger-60, Xi-Bootis); using simulation technique by drawing different curves of zero velocity.  相似文献   

Evolution of Primordial Black Holes in Loop Quantum Cosmology     

D. Dwivedee  B. Nayak  M. Jamil  L. P. Singh  R. Myrzakulov 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2014,35(1):97-106

In this work, we study the evolution of primordial black holes within the context of loop quantum cosmology. First we calculate the scale factor and energy density of the Universe for different cosmic era and then taking these as inputs, we study evolution of primordial black holes. From our estimation it is found that accretion of radiation does not affect evolution of primordial black holes in loop quantum cosmology. We also conclude that due to slow variation of scale factor, the upper bound on initial mass fraction of presently evaporating PBHs are much greater in loop quantum cosmology than the standard case.  相似文献   

Stability of Triangular Equilibrium Points in the Photogravitational Restricted Three-Body Problem with Oblateness and Potential from a Belt     

Jagadish Singh  Joel John Taura 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2014,35(2):107-119

We have examined the effects of oblateness up to J ₄ of the less massive primary and gravitational potential from a circum-binary belt on the linear stability of triangular equilibrium points in the circular restricted three-body problem, when the more massive primary emits electromagnetic radiation impinging on the other bodies of the system. Using analytical and numerical methods, we have found the triangular equilibrium points and examined their linear stability. The triangular equilibrium points move towards the line joining the primaries in the presence of any of these perturbations, except in the presence of oblateness up to J ₄ where the points move away from the line joining the primaries. It is observed that the triangular points are stable for 0 < μ < μ _c and unstable for \(\mu_{\mathrm{c}} \le \mu \le \frac {1}{2},\) where μ _c is the critical mass ratio affected by the oblateness up to J ₄ of the less massive primary, electromagnetic radiation of the more massive primary and potential from the belt, all of which have destabilizing tendencies, except the coefficient J₄ and the potential from the belt. A practical application of this model could be the study of motion of a dust particle near a radiating star and an oblate body surrounded by a belt.  相似文献   

Visibility-Graph Analysis of the Solar Wind Velocity     

Vinita Suyal  Awadhesh Prasad  Harinder P. Singh 《Solar physics》2014,289(1):379-389

We analyze in situ measurements of the solar wind velocity obtained by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and the Helios spacecraft during the years 1998?–?2012 and 1975?–?1983, respectively. The data mainly belong to solar cycles 23 (1996?–?2008) and 21 (1976?–?1986). We used the directed horizontal-visibility-graph (DHVg) algorithm and estimated a graph functional, namely, the degree distance (D), which is defined using the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) to understand the time irreversibility of solar wind time-series. We estimated this degree-distance irreversibility parameter for these time-series at different phases of the solar activity cycle. The irreversibility parameter was first established for known dynamical data and was then applied to solar wind velocity time-series. It is observed that irreversibility in solar wind velocity fluctuations show a similar behavior at 0.3 AU (Helios data) and 1 AU (ACE data). Moreover, the fluctuations change over the phases of the activity cycle.  相似文献   

Comments on homogeneous and inhomogeneous Bianchi type-VI0 solutions     

S. R. Roy  S. Narain  J. P. Singh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1986,128(2):447-448

We show that the solutions obtained by Lorenz-Petzold (1982) are special cases of the solutions given by us (1985b). We also show that the observations made by Lorenz-Petzold (1985a) about the solution given by Roy and Narain (1985a) are not correct.  相似文献   

Effects of ion collisions on the interaction of transverse waves with half-space plasma     

R. K. Singh  D. R. Phalswal 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,108(2):409-414

For half-space (Z>0), homogeneous, collisonal and warm plasma, the expressions for fields and penetration depth δ/δ _e (in the unit of ion collisionless cold plasma penetration depth, i.e., when v _i =0, υ_0i =) are derived and discussed numerically. It is concluded that the propagation of transverse waves is only slightly affected by the ion collisions and the applied magnetic field when the plasma frequence is greater than the wave frequency (ω _pe >ω). For the case of ω _pe ≤ω, the damping of the wave is not affected by the changes in the ion collision frequency and the ion temperature. However, in this case, the propagation of the wave is drastically affected by the applied magnetic field and the wave damps quickly as the magnetic field strength or the gyrofrequency (Ω _e ) increases.  相似文献   

Slow rotational perturbations of Robertson-Walker universes     

Ng. Ibohal Singh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1988,148(2):199-205

A slow rotation perturbation of Robertson-Walker universes filled with perfect fluid has been investigated. It is found that the unit-four vector of perfect fluid hasno angular velocity in the perturbed cosmological models. The slow rotation which is related to the dragging of the local inertial frames, is compatible only with the cases of positive and negative curvatures of the cosmological universe. The intrinsic velocity vector field of the Universe isexpanding as well asshearing.  相似文献   

Bianchi type-II,VIII, and IX cosmological models with matter and electromagnetic fields     

Shri Ram  Prem Singh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,201(1):29-33

We present analytic solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations for cosmological models of LRS Bianchi type-II, VIII, and IX. The solutions represent anisotropic universes with source-free electromagnetic fields and perfect fluids matter satisfying the equation of state that is a function of the cosmic-time. Some physical properties of the models have been discussed.  相似文献