Using spatial statistics to identify the uranium hotspot in groundwater in the mid-eastern Gangetic plain,India     

Deepak Kumar  Anshuman Singh  Rishi Kumar Jha  Sunil Kumar Sahoo  Vivekanand Jha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(19):702

The occurrence of uranium in groundwater is of particular interest due to its toxicological and radiological properties. It has been considered as a relevant contaminant for drinking water even at a low concentration. Uranium is a ubiquitously occurring radionuclide in the environment. Four hundred and fifty-six (456) groundwater samples from different locations of five districts of South Bihar (SB) were collected and concentrations of uranium (U) were analyzed using a light-emitting diode (LED) fluorimetric technique. Uranium concentrations in groundwater samples varied from 0.1 µg l^?1 to 238.2 µg l^?1 with an average value of 12.3 µg l^?1 in five districts of Bihar in the mid-eastern Gangetic plain. This study used hot spot spatial statistics to identify the distribution of elevated uranium concentration in groundwater. The hypothesis whether spatial distribution of high value and low value of U is more likely spatially clustered due to random process near a uranium hotspot in groundwater was tested based on z score and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. The method implemented in this study, can be utilized in the field of risk assessment and decision making to locate potential areas of contamination.  相似文献   

GaRiRO: Gradient and residual integrated rank ordering of stations in rainfall monitoring network     

Madhuri Kumari  Chander Kumar Singh 《Earth Science Informatics》2018,11(2):273-286

This paper presents a new method that integrates gradient and residual values for rank ordering of stations in a monitoring network (GaRiRO). The innovation is derived from the fact that the parameter (dependent variable) gauged through the monitoring network is modelled using independent variables that influence its measured quantity. And the dependent variable exhibit non-stationary spatial gradient with respect to the independent variables, particularly in complex terrain. GaRiRO technique was developed to prioritize the rain gauge stations for optimizing the existing network and selection of the best locations for relocation or installation of gauges. Although initially aimed to assist hydrologists with a ranking scheme for rain gauge stations, it can be applied to any environmental, meteorological or hydro-meteorological monitoring network. The new procedure is based on deriving gradient and residual value at each station by modeling the spatial relationship of dependent-independent variable using geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. For the prospective stations with no record, the gradient value is estimated using GWR model and the residual value is derived from the residual map generated by applying kriging technique on the residual derived at all gauged locations. The method combines the decision factor with analytical strength of GIS for prioritizing the stations which results in limited number of trials for installation or relocation of gauges to yield optimized network configuration.  相似文献   

Effects of historical and projected land use/cover change on runoff and sediment yield in the Netravati river basin,Western Ghats,India     

Rakesh Kumar Sinha  T. I. Eldho 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(3):111

In this study, the effects of changes in historical and projected land use land cover (LULC) on monthly streamflow and sediment yield for the Netravati river basin in the Western Ghats of India are explored using land use maps from six time periods (1972, 1979, 1991, 2000, 2012, and 2030) and the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The LULC for 2030 is projected using the land change modeller with the assumption of normal growth. The sensitivity analysis, model calibration, and validation indicated that the SWAT model could reasonably simulate streamflow and sediment yield in the river basin. The results showed that the spatial extent of the LULC classes of urban (1.80–9.96%), agriculture (31.38–55.75%), and water bodies (1.48–2.66%) increased, whereas that of forest (53.04–27.03%), grassland (11.17–4.41%), and bare land (1.09–0.16%) decreased from 1972 to 2030. The streamflow increased steadily (7.88%) with changes in LULC, whereas the average annual sediment yield decreased (0.028%) between 1972 and 1991 and increased later (0.029%) until 2012. However, it may increase by 0.43% from 2012 to 2030. The results indicate that LULC changes in urbanization and agricultural intensification have contributed to the increase in runoff, amounting to 428.65 and 58.67 mm, respectively, and sediment yield, amounting to 348 and 43 ton/km², respectively, in the catchment area from 1972 to 2030. The proposed methodology can be applied to other river basins for which temporal digital LULC maps are available for better water resource management plans.  相似文献   

Characterizing groundwater recharge using oxygen and hydrogen isotopes: a case study in a temperate forested region,South Korea     

Mukesh Kumar Gautam  Kwang-Sik Lee  Byeong-Yeol Song 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(3):110

In the cool temperate region of South Korea, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of groundwater, lake water, and precipitation were studied to determine the season of groundwater recharge. All the groundwater samples, irrespective of season, on δ¹⁸O–δ²H scale plotted along the summer precipitation, suggesting summer precipitation largely modulates recharge. The deuterium excess values of groundwater (d-excess) show clear seasonal difference, higher in winter (> 18‰) and lower in summer (< 10‰). And its resemblance to the summer precipitation d-excess value further suggests dominant role of summer precipitation in groundwater recharge. Based on the mass balance equation, with end-member d-excess values of seasonal precipitation and groundwater as input variables, groundwater is composed of 66% summer and 34% winter precipitation. Despite the study area being heavily forested, summer rainfall contribution higher than winter suggests that evapotranspiration effect is minimal in the region; may be due to thin sand–gravel-based porous soil overlying highly weathered granitic rock system.  相似文献   

Mapping groundwater recharge potential using GIS approach in Darwha block     

Nitin Patil  Vishnu Prakash Reddy  Anurag Patangray  Surendra Kumar Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(1):8

Groundwater is the most important source of water in meeting irrigation, drinking, and other needs in India. The assessment of the potential zone for its recharge is critical for sustainable usage, quality management, and food security. This study reports alternative mapping of the groundwater recharge potential of a selected block by including large-scale soil data. Thematic layers of soil, geomorphology, slope, land use land cover, topographical wetness index, and drainage density of Darwha block (District Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India) were generated and integrated in a geographic information system environment. The topographic maps, thematic maps, field data, and satellite image were processed, classified, and weighted using analytical hierarchical process for their contribution to groundwater recharge. The layers were integrated by weighted linear combination method in the GIS environment to generate four groundwater potential zones viz., “poor,” “poor to moderate,” “moderate to high,” and “high.” Based on the generated groundwater potential map, about 9830 ha (12%) of the study area was categorized as high potential for recharge, 25,558 ha (31%) as poor to moderate, 33,398 ha (40%) as moderate to high, and 12,565 ha (15%) as poor potential zone. The zonation corresponds well with the field data on greater well density (0.22/ha) and irrigated crop area (27%) in the high potential zone as against 0.02 wells/ha and only 6% irrigated area in the poor zone. The map is recommended for use in regulating groundwater development decisions and judicious expenditure on drilling new wells by farmers and the state authorities.  相似文献   

Holocene tectono-geomorphic evolution of Haryana plains,Western Ganga plain,India     

Pitambar Pati  Vivekanand Acharya  Aditya Kumar Verma  Narendra Kumar Patel  Rajendra Prasad Jakhmola  Chinmay Dash  Vijay Sharma  Ankit Gupta  Brahm Parkash  Arun Kumar Awasthi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(13):361

Haryana plain is the drainage divide between the Ganga plain in the east and the Indus plain in the west. Being a part of the Himalayan foreland, its geomorphology, sedimentation processes, and tectonism are broadly controlled by the Himalayan tectonics. Soil and geomorphological mapping in Haryana plain bring out geomorphic features such as paleochannels, various active drainage patterns, and landforms such as old fluvial plains, floodplains, piedmonts, pediments, terminal fans, and eolian plains. Based on the degree of soil development, and Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages, the soil-geomorphic units were grouped into six members (QIMS-I to VI) (Quaternary Indus Morphostratigraphic Sequence) of a morphostratigraphic sequence: QIMS-VI 9.86–5.38 Ka, QIMS-V 5.38–4.45 Ka, QIMS-IV 4.45–3.60 Ka, QIMS-III 3.60–2.91 Ka, QIMS-II <?2.91–1.52 Ka, and QIMS-I <?1.52 Ka. OSL chronology of different geomorphic features suggests six episodes of tectono-geomorphic evolution in the region since 10 Ka. Neotectonic features such as nine faults, two lineaments, and five fault-bounded tectonic blocks have been identified. Independent tilting and sagging of the blocks in response to neotectonics have resulted in modification of landforms, depositional processes, and hydro-geomorphology of the region. Major rivers like the Yamuna, the Ghaggar, and the Sutlej show different episodes of shifting of their courses. Lineament controlled few extinct channels have been recorded between 20 and 25 m depth below the surface in the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. These buried channels are aligned along the paleo-course of the Lost Saraswati River interpreted from the existing literature and hence are considered as the course of the lost river. Seven terminal fans have been formed on the downthrown blocks of the associated faults. The Markanda Terminal Fan, the first of such features described, is indeed a splay terminal fan and was formed by a splay distributary system of the Markanda River. Association of three terminal fans of different ages with the Karnal fault indicates the segment-wise development of the fault from west to east. Also, comparison with other such studies in the Ganga plain to further east suggests that the terminal fans formed by streams with distributary drainage pattern occur only in semiarid regions as in the present area and thus are indicators of semiarid climate/paleoclimate. Though the whole region is tectonically active, the region between the Rohtak fault and Hisar fault is most active at present signified by the concentration of earthquake epicenters.  相似文献   

Influence of physico-mechanical properties of Indian dimension stones on cutting rate of diamond wire saw     

Sohan Singh Rajpurohit  Rabindra Kumar Sinha  Phalguni Sen  Sahendra Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):564

Cutting performance of diamond wire saw is a key factor influencing mine planning, production scheduling, and equipment selection for dimension stone quarries. It is normally measured in terms of cutting rate. Rock samples collected from various granite and marble quarries in India were tested in laboratory to determine their physico-mechanical properties. Cutting rate of diamond wire saw was measured in the field studies during the actual cutting process in quarries. Using these laboratory determined properties and the cutting rate, a multiple linear regression model has been developed to predict the cutting rate of diamond wire saw. Physico-mechanical properties of rocks determined in laboratory are used as independent variables and cutting rate as predictor variable in the regression model. The study indicates that the cutting rate increases with a decrease in most of the hardness and strength parameters of rock. The final model is tested for its goodness of fit indicating a significant linear relation between cutting rate and physico-mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, slake durability index, and Cerchar hardness index with regression coefficient of 94%. The resulting model can be used suitably for different types of hard to medium hard and soft dimension stones. The generalized model for estimating the cutting rate becomes a handy tool for mining engineers to work out operating efficiency, expenses, planning etc. of the dimension stone block cutting.  相似文献   

Vegetation damage assessment due to Hudhud cyclone based on NDVI using Landsat-8 satellite imagery     

Venkata Giri Raj Kumar Konda  Venkatesh Reddy Chejarla  Venkata Ravibabu Mandla  Vani Voleti  Nagaveni Chokkavarapu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(2):35

Developing nations are abandoned against tropical cyclones because of climatic changeability; the atmosphere is probably going to expand the recurrence and extent of some outrageous climate and calamity occasions. Urban areas and towns arranged along the coastline front belt in Visakhapatnam region experienced serious harm because of Hudhud cyclone, which happened on October 12, 2014. The fundamental motivation behind this exploration was to distinguish the vegetation damage in Visakhapatnam and neighbouring towns. In this analysis, Landsat-8 satellite datasets procured prior and then afterward the cyclone have been utilized; image processing techniques have been completed to evaluate the progressions of pre- and post-disaster condition. Vegetation index strategy was utilized to assess the damage to vegetation. Arrangement results and land utilize land cover change investigation demonstrate that 13.25% of agriculture Kharif and 31.1% of vegetation was damaged. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps were produced for the previously, then after the cyclone circumstance, and vegetation biomass damage was evaluated in Visakhapatnam and Bhimunipatanam. General loss of vegetation in both the spots was 30.67 and 43.37 km². The result of this review can be utilized by decision makers for the post-disaster support for rebuilding of influenced regions.  相似文献   

Correction to: Permeability of granular soil employing flexible wall permeameter     

Srikanth Kandalai  Purnendu Narayan Singh  Kunal Kumar Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(4):70

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Geothermal energy potential of Tulsishyam thermal springs of Gujarat,India     

Hemant Kumar Singh  Aswathi Thankappan  Poonam Mohite  Satish Kumar Sinha  Dornadula Chandrasekharam  Trupti Chandrasekhar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(6):137

Tulsishyam thermal springs are located in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India with discharge temperatures varying from 39 to 42 °C. The pH of these thermal springs varies from 7.1 to 7.4, indicating neutral character. Though these thermal springs propagate through the near surface layer of Deccan basalt, detailed geochemical analysis of the thermal waters using Piper diagram suggests that the water is interacting with the granitic basement rock. Silica and cation geothermometry estimates have reservoir temperature in the range of 138 to 207 °C categorizing it into a low to moderate enthalpy geothermal system. Furthermore, the area has high heat flow values of 53–90 mW/m² because of shallow Moho depth. The prevailing conditions suggest that the geothermal energy can potentially be exploited through an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). The study also indicates different mineral phases that may precipitate out of water during exploitation of geothermal energy and it should be taken into account while designing an EGS for the area.  相似文献