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991.
992.
北祁连西段早古生代构造演化史 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21
北祁连西段与北祁连中段构造带之间被一条平行于阿尔金断裂带的宗宾大坂古转换断裂所隔,东西两段在早古生代构造演化史上有明显差异。北祁连西段早古生代构造是在前震旦系陆壳基底上,在震旦纪再一次开裂演变为裂陷槽,寒武—奥陶纪为裂谷—海沟—火山弧多元构造的格局 相似文献
993.
A multiple representation data structure for dynamic visualisation of generalised 3D city models 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, a novel multiple representation data structure for dynamic visualisation of 3D city models, called CityTree, is proposed. To create a CityTree, the ground plans of the buildings are generated and simplified. Then, the buildings are divided into clusters by the road network and one CityTree is created for each cluster. The leaf nodes of the CityTree represent the original 3D objects of each building, and the intermediate nodes represent groups of close buildings. By utilising CityTree, it is possible to have dynamic zoom functionality in real time. The CityTree methodology is implemented in a framework where the original city model is stored in CityGML and the CityTree is stored as X3D scenes. A case study confirms the applicability of the CityTree for dynamic visualisation of 3D city models. 相似文献
994.
995.
The oxygenation kinetics of nanomolar concentrations of Fe(II) in aqueous solution have been studied in the absence and presence of millimolar concentrations of phosphate over the pH range 6.0-7.8. At each phosphate concentration investigated, the overall oxidation rate constant varied linearly with pH, and increased with increasing phosphate concentration. A model based on equilibrium speciation of Fe(II) was found to satisfactorily explain the results obtained. From this model, the rate constants for oxygenation of the Fe(II)-phosphate species FeH2PO4+, FeHPO4 and FePO4− have been determined for the first time. FePO4− was found to be the most kinetically reactive species at circumneutral pH with an estimated oxygenation rate constant of (2.2 ± 0.2) × 10 M−1 s−1. FeH2PO4+ and FeHPO4 were found to be less reactive with oxygen, with rate constants of (3.2 ± 2) × 10−2 M−1 s−1 and (1.2 ± 0.8) × 10−1 M−1 s−1, respectively. 相似文献
996.
基于乌鲁木齐河流域普通民众对气候变化及冰冻圈变化感知情况的问卷调查,结合有关监测研究结果,分析了普通民众对流域气候变化及冰冻圈变化的感知情况,探讨了环境变化对流域水资源和农业生产的可能影响.普通民众对气候变化和冰冻圈变化的感知基本与科学监测事实相符.对气候变化和冰冻圈变化条件下普通民众对水资源紧缺的适应措施的分析发现:... 相似文献
997.
998.
Guang-Hai Shi Xiang-Kun Zhu Qian Mao Guo-Wu Li 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(6):1608-1620
Here we report spherules in Myanmar jadeitite, a rock forming from jadeitic fluids within mantle-derived serpentinized rocks in subduction zones under high-pressure conditions (>1.0 GPa) and rather low temperatures of about 250-370 °C. The spherules have off-centre iron nuclei and dendritic wüstite cortexes, with tiny wüstite crystals perpendicular to the surface of iron core. Within the spherules are vesicles occupied by calcite, jadeite, albite? or mixtures of these phases, and the cortexes contain about 10 wt.% SiO2 + Al2O3 + Na2O filling materials within wüstite. The spherules are in direct contact with jadeite crystals. Contrasting patterns of some individual spherules are obvious between a front area with a crowd of hill-like prominences and a rear zone with one or more rings on the surface. Such surface features and internal textures suggest that they experienced movement at high temperature and then rapid cooling. Chemical compositions of the nuclei are homogenous and consist of nearly pure iron with minor Cr (<0.05 wt.%), Mn (<0.80 wt.%), and Ni (0.142-0.23 wt.%), and a trend of Ni decreasing and Cr increasing from core to cortex. Mn in the cortex (up to about 2.00 wt.%) is far more enriched than the nucleus. The bulk ratios (average) of δ56Fe and δ57Fe in the core and cortex are 0.51and 0.78, respectively. Such features suggest that there is a very low possibility of origin associated with volcanic explosive eruption, impact ejecta, chemical reduction or oxidation of iron on seafloor. Since biological reduction processes are not significant under high P/T condition in subduction zones, this origin is excluded. Considering their low Ni contents, it is more likely that they belong to the minor type-I deep-sea cosmic spherules/dusts of low isotope fractionation. This discovery shows that such spherules could remain stable under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions during recycling processes, and therefore could be found in rocks related to slab-derived sediments within subduction zones. This also suggests that subducted oceanic slab sediments contribute to the formation of jadeitite, coupled with dehydration of sediments and altered oceanic crust. 相似文献
999.
In the Cretaceous Ningwu volcano-sedimentary basin in the Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt, eastern China, there are three areas with a dense distribution of magnetite or hematite deposits: the Meishan deposit in the north; Washan, Nanshan and Taocun deposits in the center; and the Zhongjiu and Gushan deposits in the south. The mineralization in the Ningwu basin is associated mainly with subvolcanic intrusions, consisting of gabbro–diorite porphyry and/or gabbro–diorite. Alteration zoning of these deposits is pronounced, and includes: (1) an upper light colored zone of argillic, kaolinite, silica, carbonate and pyritic alteration (2) a middle dark colored zone of diopside, fluorapatite–magnetite, phlogopite, and garnet with fluorapatite–magnetite; (3) a lower light colored zone of extensive albitic alteration. However, at the Gushan iron deposit, the lower light colored zone and the middle dark colored zone are absent, whereas the principal alteration is represented by silicification, kaolinization, and carbonatization.The iron oxide–apatite deposits in the Ningwu basin are typically magmatic–metasomatic origin and are similar to the Kiruna-type deposits in Scandinavia, particularly with respect to mineral assemblages, fabric and structure of the iron ores, occurrence of the orebodies and wall rock alteration. The iron oxide–apatite deposits of the Ningwu basin contain magnetite and/or hematite, with diopside or actinolite and apatite gangue. They were formed in a rift or extensional environment and the mineralization is associated with alkaline magmatism. The time interval between magmatism and related mineralization is very short. 相似文献
1000.
J.W. Mao F. Pirajno J.F. Xiang J.J. Gao H.S. Ye Y.F. Li B.J. Guo 《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,43(1):264-293
The East Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt accommodates the largest Mo ore district in the world. It contains 8.43 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves which accounts for 66% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The Mo ore district includes 24 deposits and 12 occurrences, with four major types of Mo mineral systems, i.e., porphyry, porphyry-skarn, skarn and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be further subdivided into quartz vein and carbonatite vein types. Although Mo mineralization in the belt began in the Paleoproterozoic (1680 ± 24 to 2044 ± 14 Ma), all economically significant deposits were formed during the Mesozoic. Re/Os dating of molybdenite has shown that there are three episodes of Mo mineralization, i.e., Late Triassic (233–221 Ma), Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (148–138 Ma) and Early to middle Cretaceous (131–112 Ma).Late Triassic Mo deposits developed as molybdenite–quartz veins and carbonatite vein types. Stable isotope systematics (C, O, S) and high contents of Re and Sr indicate that the carbonatite Mo veins are mantle-derived. Porphyry and porphyry–skarn Mo mineral deposits were formed in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Early to middle Cretaceous. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granite porphyries that are associated with the Mo deposits usually occupy less than 1.5 km2 at the surface and are situated in the East Qinling area, far west of China's continental margin. On the other hand, the Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries, , with associated Mo deposits are located in the Dabieshan area and eastern part of the East Qinling area. The Late Jurassic to Early Creataceous granitoids and related Mo deposits possibly formed in a back-arc extensional setting of the Eurasian continental margin, which was probably triggered by the oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate. The Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries are linked to the tectonic regime of lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling and partial melting of the crust, induced by a change in Izanagi Plate motion parallel to the continent margin.In the East Qinling–Dabie belt there are vein type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits surrounding porphyry and/or porphyry–skarn Mo (W) deposits, forming well defined ore clusters. The same spatial arrangement (i.e., porphyry Mo stockworks and outlying Pb–Zn–Ag ore veins) is also observed at the deposit scale. Thus, Mo porphyry stockworks and distal polymetallic veins belong to the same ore system and may reflect an outward temperature decrease from the highly fractionated granite plutons. Both, porphyry stockworks and polymetallic veins, can be used as vectors for further prospecting. 相似文献