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31.
The variability of ruthenium in chromite from chassignite and olivine‐phyric shergottite meteorites: New insights into the behavior of PGE and sulfur in Martian magmatic systems
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Raphael J. Baumgartner Marco L. Fiorentini David Baratoux Ludovic Ferrière Marek Locmelis Andrew Tomkins Kerim A. Sener 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2017,52(2):333-350
The Martian meteorites comprise mantle‐derived mafic to ultramafic rocks that formed in shallow intrusions and/or lava flows. This study reports the first in situ platinum‐group element data on chromite and ulvöspinel from a series of dunitic chassignites and olivine‐phyric shergottites, determined using laser‐ablation ICP‐MS. As recent studies have shown that Ru has strongly contrasting affinities for coexisting sulfide and spinel phases, the precise in situ analysis of this element in spinel can provide important insights into the sulfide saturation history of Martian mantle‐derived melts. The new data reveal distinctive differences between the two meteorite groups. Chromite from the chassignites Northwest Africa 2737 (NWA 2737) and Chassigny contained detectable concentrations of Ru (up to ~160 ppb Ru) in solid solution, whereas chromite and ulvöspinel from the olivine‐phyric shergottites Yamato‐980459 (Y‐980459), Tissint, and Dhofar 019 displayed Ru concentrations consistently below detection limit (<42 ppb). The relatively elevated Ru signatures of chromite from the chassignites suggest a Ru‐rich (~1–4 ppb) parental melt for this meteorite group, which presumably did not experience segregation of immiscible sulfide liquids over the interval of mantle melting, melt ascent, and chromite crystallization. The relatively Ru‐depleted signature of chromite and ulvöspinel from the olivine‐phyric shergottites may be the consequence of relatively lower Ru contents (<1 ppb) in the parental melts, and/or the presence of sulfides during the crystallization of the spinel phases. The results of this study illustrate the significance of platinum‐group element in situ analysis on spinel phases to decipher the sulfide saturation history of magmatic systems. 相似文献
32.
Marek Szczotka 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(7):539-548
Dynamic and quasi-static models for analysis of a pipe lay spread are presented in the paper. Depending on the type of a pipe, spooling it on a big drum (reel) may cause plastic deformations. When the pipe is reeled out at sea, again it undergoes plastic deformations. In order to model such a nonlinear behaviour, a model, which includes both elasto-plastic material characteristics and large deformations, is required. Discretisation of the pipe is performed by means of the Rigid Finite Element Method (RFEM), which allows us to study static and dynamic problems, taking into account required properties of the model. Different sea conditions are simulated and analysed. It is shown how operational conditions can limit the ability of laying operation by a dedicated vessel, due to an unstable system response. The second part of the paper presents an upgrade of a passive reel drive by application of an active drive. In the model used for control applications, the pipe is modelled by a neural network. This allows us to perform a real-time calculations. In this fast-response calculation model, nonlinear aspects of the system are taken into account. The improvements in a pipe laying vessel performance are presented by some results of numerical simulations. The conclusions are also formulated. 相似文献
33.
34.
Flow dynamics,sedimentation and erosion of glacial lake outburst floods along the Middle Pleistocene Scandinavian Ice Sheet (northern central Europe)
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Jutta Winsemann Petteri Alho Leena Laamanen Nils Goseberg Jörg Lang Josef Klostermann 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(2):260-283
During the Middle Pleistocene late Saalian glaciation of northern central Europe numerous pro‐glacial lakes formed along the southwestern margin of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Little is known about the drainage history of these lakes, the pathways of glacial lake outburst floods and their impacts on erosion, sedimentation and landscape evolution. This study investigated the impact of the late Saalian Weser and Münsterland Lake (Germany) outburst floods. In particular, we reconstructed the routing and flow dynamics of the lake outburst flood and analysed the flood related sediments. We employed one‐dimensional hydraulic modelling to calculate glacial lake outburst flood hydrographs. We modelled the flow pathway and local flow conditions along the pathway based on the boundary conditions of two different hydrographs and two different ice‐margin positions. The modelling results were compared with geomorphological and sedimentological field data in order to estimate the magnitude and impact of the flood on erosion and sedimentation. Two major lake drainage events are reconstructed for the study area, during which approximately 90–50 km3 of water was released. Modelling results indicate that the lake outburst floods created a high‐energy flood wave with a height of 35–50 m in confined valley areas that rapidly spread out into the Lower Rhine Embayment eventually flowing into the North Sea basin. The sedimentary record of the outburst floods comprises poorly sorted coarse‐grained gravel bars, long‐wavelength bedforms and sandy bedforms deposited by supercritical and subcritical flows. Some parts of the sandy flood deposits are rich in reworked mammoth bones or mammoth and horse teeth, pointing to reworking of older fluvial sediments, hydraulic concentration and subsequent re‐sedimentation of vertebrate remains. These deposits are preserved in sheltered areas or at high elevations, well above the influence of postglacial fluvial erosion. The flood‐related erosional features include up to 80‐m‐deep scour pools, alluvial channels and streamlined hills. 相似文献
35.
36.
收集了以WolfgangFRogge博士研究工作为主的文献,对几种常见大气有机污染源进行了讨论,列出了由不同污染源所排放的可辨别有机合物的类别、含量以及用于定量分析和评价的示踪化合物。 相似文献
37.
对近10年来国外有关大气污染物的采样方法、有机污染物在气、固相中的分配以及采样误差的主要文献做了简要回顾。对不同采样器的采样效率、误差来源及误差校正方法进行了讨论。列举了一些富有指导意义的研究成果和结论。可以看出,在消除或限制了采样误差后,所得分析结果为客观评价环境污染问题提供了更可靠的依据。 相似文献
38.
The microstructure and some physico-mechanical properties of Beardsley and Faith, both H5 chondrites, were compared. Although the bulk sample porosities are respectively 9.1% and 14.5%, suggesting lower consolidation of Faith, the effective porosities are 5.63% and 1.79%—much higher for Beardsley. The material of Faith, characterized by vugs, vesicles and closed channels—abundant but all sized below 0.01 μm—is of higher strength than that of Beardsley, where joints, fissures, open channels and microcracks are sized from 0.1 to 10 μm. The higher elastic properties of Faith are shown by the velocity of the compressional wave of 6.66 km s−1 against that of 5.12 km s−1 for Beardsley. An example of physical diversity among chondrites to the same chemical-petrologic type is therefore demonstrated. 相似文献
39.
Catches of perch have strongly decreased in Lake of Geneva from 1975 to 1981. This decrease was attributed to the impact of
overfishing, enhanced by the accelerated growth of perch. Therefore, too many perches were captured before their first reproduction
and the stocks of reproducers were strongly reduced. Furthermore, adverse meteorological conditions occurred probably during
several periods of reproduction. The accelerated growth of perch was attributed to the combined effects of increasing eutrophication
(more food available) and of overfishing (decreased perch density in the shoals).
相似文献
40.
We consider the advantages of a formalism based on concept of the asymmetric continuum and we present some equivalence theorems
relating it to the asymmetric elasticity and to micropolar and micromorphic theories as founded by Nowacki, Cosserats and
Eringen.
We consider the basic processes in an asymmetric continuum which could be reduced to the point basic motions/deformations.
The co-action of spin and shear motions is assumed to play the main role in fracturing process, while the constitutive relation
between the antisymmetric stresses and rotations replaces the friction constitutive law. 相似文献