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31.
M. T. Tomczak L. Szymanek M. Pastuszak W. Grygiel M. Zalewski S. Gromisz A. Ameryk J. Kownacka I. Psuty E. Kuzebski R. Grzebielec P. Margoński 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(3):593-604
An integrated trend assessment was conducted for the Gulf of Gdańsk (GoG), Baltic Sea for the period 1994–2010 to describe changes and potentially important drivers of the ecosystem. We found changes in the biota, including an increase in open sea taxa (flatfish, sprat and cod), a decrease in typical coastal species such as eelpout and lumpfish and an increase in primary production. The analyses further suggest that changes in the food web were driven by a combination of anthropogenic pressures (e.g., nutrient loadings and fisheries) and possible interactions with climatic disturbance. Our analyses show that significant changes occurred in the GoG ecosystem between 1994 and 2010. The primary drivers and mechanisms of these changes are discussed. We describe this alteration of the GoG within the context of similar temporal patterns identified in adjacent areas. 相似文献
32.
Antonio Santo Giuseppe Di Crescenzo Giovanni Forte Raffaele Papa Marianna Pirone Gianfranco Urciuoli 《Landslides》2018,15(1):63-82
In the last 20 years, major efforts have been made to investigate shallow flow-type landslides. Such phenomena are usually rainfall-induced and in the geological context of Campania (Southern Italy) occur in pyroclastic soils resting on steep slopes mainly constituted by carbonate or volcanic bedrock and by flysch deposits. They are generally complex landslides with an early soil slide and a subsequent flow evolution. In this paper, a database of flowslides occurring in recent years within the flysch deposits of Avellino (Campanian Apennines) is first discussed and then the case study of Bosco de’ Preti landslide on March 4, 2005, is described. The geological and geotechnical characteristics of the soils involved are described and the monitoring of the groundwater heads collected over 1 year from June 2005 to June 2006 is also shown. The last part of the paper illustrates the results of numerical modelling of the landslide triggering to gain insights into such phenomena. Slope stability analyses are preceded by hydrological modelling of the slope based on the monitoring data. Numerical analysis demonstrated that the rainfall during the 2 months preceding the event was able to fully saturate the pyroclastic cover and to establish positive pore water pressure at the depth of the surface of rupture, a soil condition never witnessed in carbonatic contexts. Hence, a combination of antecedent (predisposing factors) and single rainfall events (triggering factors) led to slope failure, as usually happens in pyroclastic soils in carbonatic and volcanic contexts. Finally, analysis of the historical landslides together with detailed investigation of the Bosco de’ Preti case study permitted comparison between flow-type landslides in pyroclastic soils on carbonatic/volcanic bedrock and those on flysch. 相似文献
33.
Preparation and characterization of antibacterial silver/vermiculites and silver/montmorillonites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marta Valášková Marianna Hundáková Jana Seidlerová Erich Pazdziora Martin He?mánek David Rafaja 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(22):6287-6300
The reason for the preparation and characterization of the novel antibacterial silver/vermiculites (Ag/V) together with the silver/montmorillonites (Ag/M) was that the information on the vermiculite structure change and stability of Ag/V in water as well as its effect on bacteria are sporadic. The vermiculite (V), (Si3.02Al0.98)IV (Mg2.27Al0.12Ti0.07)VI O10(OH)2 Ca0.09Na0.21K0.50 from West China and montmorillonite (M), (Si3.96Al0.04)IV (Al1.20Mg0.42Ti0.02)VI O10 (OH)2Ca0.15Na0.14K0.08 from Ivan?ice (Czech Republic), fraction <0.4 μm were the starting clay materials for sample preparation. The samples V1 and M1 were prepared via reaction of the V and M with the 0.01 mol L−1 AgNO3 aqueous solution. The samples V2 and M2 were treated with the aqueous solution of AgNO3 for two times. The cation exchange and reduced metallic silver on M1 and V1 evoked the specific surface area (SSA) diminution, the mean particle-size diameter extension and appearance of micropores with radius (<0.4 nm). Repeated silver cation exchange in M2 and V2 reduced particle size, increased slightly SSA and micropores with radius of 0.4-0.5 nm. Samples Ag/V and Ag/M showed higher content of pores with radius 0.5-1.0 nm than original V and M. The Ag concentration was found higher in Ag/V than in Ag/M and higher in repeatedly treated samples: 0.9 wt.% Ag in V1, 1.4 wt.% Ag in V2, 0.6 wt.% Ag in M1 and 1.0 wt.% Ag in M2. Vermiculite structure consisting of the hydrated interstratified phases and the mica-like phase changed to the cation-one-zero layer hydrate interstratification structure in V1 and to the random of two-one layer hydrate interstratifications in V2. Infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed no changes in the structure of the clay minerals that could be related directly to the sorption and crystallization of silver. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the silver nanoparticles size distribution was much narrower for the samples Ag/M than for Ag/V. The mean size of the Ag particles was between 40 and 50 nm. Although the Ag nanoparticles did not adhere sufficiently at the clay minerals surface and migrated moderately into water, all samples under study were approved to be effective inhibitors of the bacterial growth persisting for the whole testing period of 6 days. Silver/vermiculite was antimicrobial more efficient against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than silver/montmorillonite. 相似文献
34.
Recent studies have shown that many natural systems display temporal fluctuations with long-range power-law correlations, suggesting a fractal geometry of the underlying dynamical system. Four geoelectrical time series, measured in a seismic area of Southern Italy, are investigated by means of spectral tools in order to evidence the existence of power-law correlations. Results show the scaling behaviour for all the signals recorded, pointing to the presence of fractal features expressing a long-term correlation with scaling exponents which indicate stabilizing mechanisms. Furthermore, our findings suggest an observational evidence of correlations between the variation of parameters describing the temporal fluctuations of geoelectrical signals and earthquakes that occurred in the area investigated. 相似文献
35.
The stabilisation of deep landslides is still a challenge for geotechnical engineers, mainly due to the high cost of structural control works that generally lead engineers to opt for drain systems. Unfortunately there are operative difficulties affecting excavation of deep drain trenches in soils dislocated by landslides (especially as regards the provisional support of the excavation walls). Small- and medium-diameter wells are a valid alternative in deep landslides, being less expensive than large-diameter wells equipped with horizontal pipes and simpler to construct than deep trenches. However, no technical procedures for their proper design are reported in the literature: design criteria commonly used in practice are derived from pumping problems and are largely inadequate, being based on Dupuit’s hypothesis that presumes stream lines to be horizontal. This paper presents numerical solutions obtained from three-dimensional seepage and consolidation analyses of a slope drained by small- and medium-diameter wells, arranged according to various positions, showing that the efficiency of the well system decreases as the depth of the landslide slip surface increases. Comparison is also made between well systems and deep trenches occupying the same draining volume in the landslide body, showing that the former attains much greater efficiency than the latter. Non-dimensional abaci for the square grid of wells (which is the most effective arrangement) are reported herein to be used for practical purposes.
相似文献36.
37.
Luciano?TelescaEmail author Marianna?Balasco Gerardo?Colangelo Vincenzo?Lapenna 《Natural Hazards》2005,34(2):177-198
In the present paper we analyse the series of extreme events in geoelectrical signals recorded at the monitoring station Tito located in a seismic area of southern Italy. Applying an objective criterion to estimate the probability of occurrence of extreme events in the time series (Cuomo et al., 1996; Cuomo et al., 1997), we found a correlation between the geoelectrical anomalies and earthquakes in the area monitored during the period of recording. 相似文献
38.
Marianna?PastuszakEmail author Klaus?Nagel Alfred?Grelowski Volker?Mohrholz Mariusz?Zalewski 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(5):1238-1254
The Pomeranian Bay is a coastal region fed by the Oder River, one of the seven largest Baltic rivers, whose waters flow through
a large and complex estuarine system before entering the bay. Nutrients (NO3
−, NO2
−, NH4
+, Ntot, PO4
3−, Ptot, DSi), chlorophylla concentrations, oxygen content, salinity, and temperature were measured in the Pomeranian Bay in nine seasonally distributed
cruises during 1993–1997. Strong spatial and temporal patterns were observed and they were governed by: the seasonally variable
riverine water-nutrient discharges, the seasonally variable uptake of nutrients and their cycling in the river estuary and
the Bay, the character of water exchange between the Pomeranian Bay and the Szczecin Lagoon, and the water flow patterns in
the Bay that are dominated by wind-driven circulation. Easterly winds resulted in water and nutrient transport along the German
coastline, while westerly winds confined the nutrient rich riverine waters to the Polish coast and transported them eastward
beyond the study area. Two water masses, coastal and open, characterized by different chemical and physical parameters and
chla content were found in the Bay independently of the season. The role of the Oder estuary in nutrient transformation, as well
as the role of temperature in transformation processes is stressed in the paper. The DIN:DIP:DSi ratio indicated that phosphorus
most probably played a limiting role in phytoplankton production in the Bay in spring, while nitrogen did the same in summer.
During the spring bloom, predominated by diatoms, the DSi:DIN ratio dropped to 0.1 in the coastal waters and to 0.6 in the
open bay waters, pointing to silicon limitation of diatom growth, similar to what is being observed in other Baltic regions. 相似文献
39.
Paolo Madonia Marianna Cangemi Carla Galeazzi Carlo Germani Mario Parise Rocco Favara 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(7):289
Many lakes have been the object of hydraulic works in historical times, and the drainage tunnel carved by Romans for regulating the level of Lake Albano (Central Italy) can be considered as one of the most important historical hydraulic tunnels in the world. We sampled and analysed lake water, as well as groundwater samples from the Lake Albano emissary and another hydraulic work in the area (Ninfeo), which were analysed for their geochemical and isotopic composition in order to extract useful information for a possible reuse of the tunnel for anthropogenic purposes. The collected water samples exhibit common chemical features, typical of water–rock interaction processes in volcanic areas. Analyses of minor and trace elements confirmed the abovementioned results, indicating the presence of an atmospheric pollution source for heavy metals, although their concentrations are mostly below the Maximum Admitted Concentrations for drinking water issued by the World Health Organization. The chemical composition of dissolved gases indicated that both lake and groundwater are mainly enriched in CO2. Isotopic analyses suggested a clear volcanic origin for CO2 dissolved in lake water, while carbon dioxide in groundwater from the Roman emissary is produced by soil respiration. As further confirmed by Oxygen and Deuterium isotopic composition, the Roman emissary drains local suspended aquifers neither in contact with the lake water body nor influenced by volcanic activity, suggesting the opportunity to use the tunnel as a “zero-condition” monitoring site for individuating a possible future renewal of volcanic activity. 相似文献
40.
Marianna?Siino Giada?AdelfioEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile Jorge?Mateu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(12):3525-3539
We propose a new fitting method to estimate the set of second-order parameters for the class of homogeneous spatio-temporal log-Gaussian Cox point processes. With simulations, we show that the proposed minimum contrast procedure, based on the spatio-temporal pair correlation function, provides reliable estimates and we compare the results with the current available methods. Moreover, the proposed method can be used in the case of both separable and non-separable parametric specifications of the correlation function of the underlying Gaussian Random Field. We describe earthquake sequences comparing several Cox model specifications. 相似文献