Induction of abnormal polychaete larvae by heavy metals     

D.J. Reish  F. Piltz  J.M. Martin  J.Q. Word 《Marine pollution bulletin》1974,5(8):125-126

A little known observation that exposure to sublethal concentrations of detergent cause fatal abnormalities in the second generation of a polychaete has been followed up and similar abnormalities have been observed in the first or second generation of larvae exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc. Few toxicity tests extend beyond the responses of the exposed individuals. The discovery of a delayed reaction to sublethal concentrations of common contaminants of the sea has unknown but potentially important ecological implications.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of basement rocks of the upper rhine region elucidated by rubidium-strontium systematics     

Martin S. Brewer  Hans J. Lippolt 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1974,45(2):123-141

Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios have been plotted against time of formation for various rock-types in the Schwarzwald and Vosges basement areas. These data exhibit strong positive correlations between the two variables. The Schwarzwald data define two distinct trend lines on the diagram, for the time span 500 to 250 Ma ago. The first comprises the data from orthogneisses, diatexites and pre-tectonic granites and documents the Sr isotope evolution in the crust underlying the Sehwarzwald. This region of the crust had a ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratio of about 1. The other is delineated by data points from the post-tectonic plutons. These form a band corresponding to the development of closed systems with ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratios of between 10 and 20 as indicated by the slope of the band. The second trend is interpreted as resulting from the formation of large, stable, deep-seated magma chambers formed by segregation of anatectic melts during a phase of tectonism 330Ma ago. The high ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratios of these magmas arose by fractional crystallization, in response to tectonic decompression, during the coalescence of the presumedly water-saturated melts. Data for rocks from the Vosges, taken from the literature, form a single development line. Its slope corresponds to a ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratio of about 5 and the line is analogous to the second trend line defined by the Schwarzwald data. The differences in the Rb/Sr systematics between the two areas can be explained as resulting from the deeper level of erosion in the Vosges. An important implication for Rb/Sr studies is that co-magmatic rocks can have very different initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios so that discrepancies in this ratio between rock-types cannot be used to divide plutons into genetic suites. On the other hand essential information is contained in the Rb/Sr systematics of orogenic magmatic rocks, such as the Variscan plutons in the Schwarzwald, that cannot be obtained from geochemical and petrological studies alone.  相似文献   

Nontronit und Pieotit aus dem Basalt des Ölberges bei Hundsangen,Westerwald     

Dr. Heinrich Martin Koster 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1960,7(2):71-75

Zusammenfassung Der Basalt des Ölberges enthält an verschiedenen Stellen bis zu faustgroße, blasenförmige Einschlüsse von Nontronit. Der Nontronit zeigt eine starke Montmorillonit- und Saponitkomponente und hat folgende stöchiometrische Zusammensetzung: (Fe ₊₊₊ ^1,18 , Al_0,44, Cr_0,06, Mg_0,58, Fe ₊₊ ^0.01 )_2,27 [Al_0,22Si_3,75O₁₀] (OH)₂.Dem Nontronit ist ein Picotit (Mgo_0,58, Fe ₊₊ ^0,34 )_0.92 ( Al_1,36, Cr_0,64), beigemengt. Der Picotit hat die Gitterkonstante ₀= 8,18 Å und das spezifische Gewicht = 4,00 g/cm³. Die kleine Gitterkonstante und das geringe spezifische Gewicht des Picotits bestätigen, daß ein Mischkristall mit einer -Al₂O₃-Komponente vorliegt. Der Picotit weist außerdem einen Nickelgehalt von etwa 0,1% Ni0 in der Analyse auf.Neben Picotit sind in der Nontronitmasse einzelne Bronzitkriställchen vorhanden. Der Chromgehalt des Nontronits, der Chrom- und Nickelgehalt des Spinellminerals, sowie das Vorhandensein von Bronzit beweisen, daß der Nontronit im Basalt des Ölberges ein Zersetzungsprodukt von Olivinknollen ist.  相似文献   

Der „Squantum-Tillit“ bei Boston als Beispiel für die Problematik Paläoklimatischer Zeitmarken     

Martin Schwarzbach 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1960,49(1):103-108

Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel des Squantum-Tillits bei Boston wird gezeigt, welche Schwierigkeiten paläoklimatologische Zeitmarken bieten können. Nur im Quartär (und in gewissem Umfange auch im Tertiär) leisten sie gute stratigraphische Dienste.

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By the example of the Squantum tillite near Boston may be demonstrated some of the difficulties connected with paleoclimatologic time-markers. Only in the Quaternary (and, to a certain degree, also in the Tertiary) they may be successfully used for stratigraphic purposes.

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Dank. Exkursionen in diesem Gebiet wurden mir finanziell durch eine Beihilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft ermöglicht. Für viele Hilfe in Boston bin ich ferner vor allem Prof. R. R.Shhock, M. T. L, Cambridge (Mass.) zu großem Dank verpflichtet.  相似文献   

9. Beitrag Das kalte pazifische Jahr 1955     

Martin Rodewald 《Ocean Dynamics》1957,10(4):151-157

Zusammenfassung Das Jahr 1955 zeichnete sich im Pazifischen Ozean durch eine negative Anomalie des Oberflächenwassers von ungeheurer Ausdehnung und großer Beharrlichkeit aus. Ihre räumliche Anordnung und zeitliche Entwicklung wird in großen Zügen beschrieben.

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The cooling of the surface waters in the Pacific Ocean in 1955

Summary In 1955, the surface waters in the Pacific were characterized by a negative anomaly of immense extension and strong persistency. Its distribution in space and its development in time are roughly outlined.

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Le refroidissement des eaux de surface de l'Océan Pacifique en 1955

Résumé En 1955, les eaux de surface du Pacifique étaient caractérisées par une anomalie négative d'immense étendue et de forte persistance. On décrit en grandes lignes sa distribution dans l'espace et son développement dans le temps.

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8. Beitrag Die Temperaturen der pazifischen Küstengewässer Nordamerikas von 1920 bis 1955     

Martin Rodewald 《Ocean Dynamics》1957,10(4):147-151

Zusammenfassung Es werden neue Jahrfünftmittel der Oberflächentemperatur für die pazifische Küste Nordamerikas mitgeteilt, die den Zeitraum von mindestens dreißig Jahren (bis einschließlich 1955) umfassen. Die fortschreitenden Jahrfünftmittel lassen Fluktuationen, aber keinen säkularen Trend erkennen. Die seit dem Maximum von 1941 allgemein aufgetretene Abkühlung machte die letzten zehn Jahre 1946–55 zu den durchschnittlich kältesten seit Beginn der zwanziger Jahre. Der Tiefpunkt scheint jedoch bei den meisten Stationen überschritten zu sein. Einzelne besonders ausgeprägte Warmwasser- (und Kaltwasser-) Jahre erstrecken sich offensichtlich über die gesamte Küste von Kalifornien bis Alaska. An dem Beispiel von 1926 wird gezeigt, daß hier eine globale atmosphärische Zirkulationsanomalie ursächlich war, die in ganz ähnlicher Weise auch eine starke Wassererwärmung im östlichen subtropischen Nordatlantik gezeitigt hatte.

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Temperatures of surface waters on the Pacific coast of North America, 1920–1955

Summary This paper presents recent five-year mean values of sea-surface temperatures from the Pacific coast of North America for a period of at least thirty years (including the year 1955). The five-year running means reveal the occurrence of fluctuations rather than the existence of a secular trend. Decreasing temperatures which have been generally observed since the maximum of sea temperature in 1941 made the last ten years from 1946 to 1955 the coldest years since the beginning of the twenties of this century. It seems, however, that at most stations, temperatures already exceeded the minimum. Throughout separate years, a pronounced warming (or a pronounced cooling) of sea-surface water obviously extended over the whole length of the Pacific coast from California to Alaska. The example of 1926 shows that in this case the high temperatures are caused by a worldwide atmospheric circulation anomaly which, in a similar way, accounts for the high values of sea-surface temperatures in the eastern subtropical part of the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Les températures superficielles des eaux côtières pacifiques de l'Amérique du Nord de 1920 à 1955

Résumé Pour une période de trente années (y compris l'anné de 1955) le travail actuel présente de récentes valeurs moyennes de cinq années des températures de surface mesurées sur la côte Pacifique de l'Amérique du Nord. Les moyennes progressives de cinq années montrent la présence des variations plutôt que l'existence d'un trend séculaire. Causé par le refroidissement des eaux de surface qui s'est produit partout depuis le maximum de la température en 1941, les derniers dix ans de 1946 à 1955 ont été au moyen les plus froids dès le début de la décade de 1920 à 1930. Il semble, cependant, qu'auprès de la plupart des stations, les températures aient déjà dépassé le minimum. Pendant plusieurs années isolées, un échauffement prononcé (ou un refroidissement prononcé) des eaux de surface s'étend tout le long de la côte Pacifique de la Californie jusqu'à l'Alaska. L'exemple de 1926 montre que dans ce cas les températures élevées furent causées par une anomalie universelle de la circulation atmosphérique qui, d'une manière analogue, provoqua également un échauffement des eaux de surface dans la région orientale subtropicale de l'Atlantique du Nord.

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Wellenfrontverfahren und einsätze des Neuseeland-bebens vom 1. 8. 1942     

Hans Martin 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1957,1(2):377-379

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Origin of organic matter in early solar system—V. Further studies of meteoritic hydrocarbons and a discussion of their origin     

Martin H. Studier 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1972

The Murchison meteorite contains aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons similar to those made in static Fischer-Tropsch-type syntheses. Principal compound classes above C₈ are n-alkanes, mono- and dimethylalkanes, alkenes, alkylbenzenes and -naphthalenes. Below C₈, n-alkanes are virtually absent; instead, benzene, toluene, branched alkanes dominate. The CH₄/C₂H₆ ratio is greater than 30, possibly greater than 700. Isoprenoids from C₁₇ to C₂₀ occur in a surface rinse but not in subsequent extracts and appear to be terrestrial contaminants. Thiophenes, porphyrin-like pigments and chlorobenzenes were also found; the latter appear to be contaminants. In the Allende meteorite, only methane, benzene, toluene and an aromatic polymer seem to be indigenous.  相似文献   

Trace element signature and U–Pb geochronology of eclogite-facies zircon,Bergen Arcs,Caledonides of W Norway     

Bernard?BingenEmail author  H?kon?Austrheim  Martin?J.?Whitehouse  William?J.?Davis 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,147(6):671-683

Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb and trace element data are reported for zircon to address the controversial geochronology of eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Lindås nappe, Bergen Arcs, Caledonides of W Norway. Caledonian eclogite-facies overprint in the nappe was controlled by fracturing and introduction of fluid in the Proterozoic—Sveconorwegian—granulite-facies meta-anorthosite-norite protolith. Zircon grains in one massive eclogite display a core–rim structure. Sveconorwegian cores have trace element signatures identical with those of zircon in the granulite protolith, i.e. 0.31Th/U0.89, heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment, and negative Eu anomaly. Weakly-zoned to euhedral oscillatory-zoned Caledonian rims are characterized by Th/U0.13, low LREE content (minimum normalized abundance for Pr or Nd), variable enrichment in HREE, and no Eu anomaly. A decrease of REE towards the outermost rim, especially HREE, is documented. This signature reflects co-precipitation of zircon with garnet and clinozoisite in a feldspar-absent assemblage, and consequently links zircon to the eclogite-facies overprint. The rims provide a mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U crystallization age of 423±4 Ma. This age reflects eclogite-forming reactions and fluid–rock interaction. This age indicates that eclogite-facies overprint in the Lindås nappe took place at the onset of the Scandian (Silurian) collision between Laurentia and Baltica.  相似文献   

The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Thomas KV  Hilton MJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(5-6):436-444

This report describes a scoping study conducted in order to establish whether pharmaceutical compounds may be present in UK estuaries. Surface water samples collected from five UK estuaries were analysed for the presence of 14 pharmaceutical compounds selected from the priority lists of the UK Environment Agency and the Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR). The pharmaceutical compounds/metabolites clofibric acid, clotrimazole, dextropropoxyphene, diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, propranolol, tamoxifen and trimethoprim were detected at measurable concentrations in the samples collected. The concentrations of erythromycin, lofepramine, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazole and acetyl-sulfamethoxazole were all below the limits of detection of the methods used (between 4 and 20 ng l(-1)). The anti-fungal agent clotrimazole was the most frequently detected at a maximal concentration of 22 ng l(-1) and a median concentration of 7 ng l(-1). The analgesic compound ibuprofen was detected at a maximal concentration of approximately 930 ng l(-1) and a median concentration of 48 ng l(-1), whilst the other pharmaceutical compounds were detected between the limits of detection of the method used and 570 ng l(-1).  相似文献