Gamma-ray observations from Hinotori     

M. Yoshimori  K. Okudaira  Y. Hirasima  I. Kondo 《Solar physics》1983,86(1-2):375-382

Some interesting results on gamma-ray line emission and its time profiles observed by Hinotori are presented. Possible explanations of gamma-ray line and hard X-ray emissions for the impulsive and gradual flares are discussed. Relationship between the gamma-ray line emission and acceleration and escape of the solar particles is also studied.  相似文献   

The Uptake Coefficient of I2 on Various Aqueous Surfaces     

Akinori Takami  Teruo Kondo  Azumi Kado  Seiichiro Koda 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,39(2):139-153

Uptake coefficient of I₂ on aqueous surfaces was measured by using an impinging flow method. Dependence of the uptake coefficient on the gas-liquid contact time and pH was investigated. The uptake coefficient was (3.7± 2.0)×10^–4 at 120 ms, 293 K and pH = 5.6. In the alkaline region, the uptake coefficient was larger by one order of magnitude than that in the neutral and acidic region. The I₂ uptake on KI solutions and synthetic sea water solutions was also measured. According to the analysis by the reactive uptake model, the uptake of I₂ was shown to be mainly determined by liquid phase reactions and the accommodation coefficient of I₂ on aqueous surfaces was estimated to be 0.01.  相似文献   

Stratospheric aerosol inferred from electrical conductivity during a volcanically quiescent period     

Y. Kondo  R. Reiter  H. Jäger  M. Takagi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1982,120(1):1-10

Profiles of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were measured by balloon-borne conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, from January to May, 1980, when volcanic activity was low. The aerosol concentration has been deduced from the relative decrease of conductivity from surrounding values by assuming the effective attachment coefficient of ions to aerosols. A prominent decrease of the conductivity near the tropopause is usually observed indicating high concentrations of Aitken particles (500–1000 cm^–3). A decrease of conductivity, well above the tropopause, is sometimes observed, probably due to the transport of tropospheric Aitken particles with high concentration (200–400 cm^–3) into the stratosphere.  相似文献   

Numerical studies on the two-dimensional flow in horizontally homogeneous canopy layers     

Junsei Kondo  Shuhei Akashi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1976,10(3):255-272

The two-dimensional equation of motion containing the pressure gradient and Coriolis force is numerically solved for the wind field in and above the layers of a horizontally homogeneous canopy with a vertical distribution of leaf-area densities. The solution shows that, in the case of descending through the canopy, the wind vector turns with an angle which depends on the profile of leaf-area densities. In particular, for the canopy of a forest consisting of upper layers with higher densities and lower layers with smaller densities, the turning is striking; a secondary maximum in wind profile appears in the lower layers.Variations of the aerodynamic parameters for the flow above the canopy are indicated with respect to the leaf-area density. The roughness length varies in such a manner that a maximum appears in intermediate density values, depending on the shape of the profile of leaf-area density. In the case of very dense canopies, the shearing stress acting on the flow above the canopy is determined by the contribution from only the upper canopy elements, but not by that from the lower parts of the canopy.  相似文献   

Air-sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabatic conditions   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Junsei Kondo 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1975,9(1):91-112

On the basis of recent data for the roughness Reynolds number of the sea surface, and using the Owen-Thomson theory on the transfers of heat and mass between a rough surface and the flow above it, the bulk transfer coefficients of the sea surface have been estimated. For a reference height of 10 m, the neutral-lapse transfer coefficient for water vapor is larger by only a few percent than that for sensible heat. When the wind speed at the 10-m height is u ₁₀>3 m s^–1, the coefficient for sensible heat C _H is larger by about 10% than that for momentum C _D . For u ₁₀<5 m s^–1, however, the value of C _D exceeds the value of C _H , and for u ₁₀=15 m s^–1 it is shown that C _H 0.8C _D . It may be also proposed that 10³ C _D =1.11 to 1.70, 10³ C _E =1.18 to 1.30, and 10³ C _H =1.15 to 1.26 for a range of u ₁₀=4 to 20 m s^–1. A plot of diabatic transfer coefficients versus wind speed is obtained by using a parameter of the sea-air temperature difference. For practical purposes, the coefficients are approximated by empirical formulae.  相似文献   

Gamma-ray bursts observed from the Hinotori satellite     

M. Yoshimori  K. Okudaira  Y. Hirasima  I. Kondo 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1984,105(2):379-392

During February, 1981 and June, 1982 the gamma-ray and the hard X-ray spectrometers on the Hinotori satellite observed four gamma-ray bursts on 28 February, 21 July, 1981, 26 February and 13 March, 1982. These gamma-ray bursts were simultaneously observed by other satellites. The time histories and energy spectra are shown for these gamma-ray bursts, and the burst sizes (erg cm^–2) are estimated. Two possible source locations for the burst of 21 July, 1981 are roughly determined from arrival time delays between two pairs of satellites, PVO-Hinotori and ISEE-3-Hinotori. The weak gamma-ray line peak structure around 1.8 MeV was observed for the burst of 13 March, 1982. The line could be interpreted in terms of gravitationally redshifted neutron capture line at 2.22 MeV.  相似文献   

On the physical parameters for Centaurus X-3 and Hercules X-1     

George E. McCluskey Jr.  Yoji Kondo 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1972,19(2):279-284

Upper and lower limits on the physical parameters for Cen X-3 and Her X-1 have been computed from a simple assumption involving the mass function.  相似文献   

Temperature Variation in the Urban Canopy with Anthropogenic Energy Use   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

H. Kondo  Y. Kikegawa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2003,160(1-2):317-324

  相似文献   

High-pressure phase transition and behavior of protons in brucite Mg(OH)2: a high-pressure–temperature study using IR synchrotron radiation     

K. Shinoda  M. Yamakata  T. Nanba  H. Kimura  T. Moriwaki  Y. Kondo  T. Kawamoto  N. Niimi  N. Miyoshi  N. Aikawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(6):396-402

 Infrared absorption spectra of brucite Mg (OH)₂ were measured under high pressure and high temperature from 0.1 MPa 25 °C to 16 GPa 360 °C using infrared synchrotron radiation at BL43IR of Spring-8 and a high-temperature diamond-anvil cell. Brucite originally has an absorption peak at 3700 cm⁻¹, which is due to the OH dipole at ambient pressure. Over 3 GPa, brucite shows a pressure-induced absorption peak at 3650 cm⁻¹. The pressure-induced peak can be assigned to a new OH dipole under pressure. The new peak indicates that brucite has a new proton site under pressure and undergoes a high-pressure phase transition. From observations of the pressure-induced peak under various P–T condition, a stable region of the high-pressure phase was determined. The original peak shifts to lower wavenumber at −0.25 cm⁻¹ GPa⁻¹, while the pressure-induced peak shifts at −5.1 cm⁻¹ GPa⁻¹. These negative dependences of original and pressure-induced peak shifts against pressure result from enhanced hydrogen bond by shortened O–H···O distance, and the two dependences must result from the differences of hydrogen bond types of the original and pressure-induced peaks, most likely from trifurcated and bent types, respectively. Under high pressure and high temperature, the pressure-induced peak disappears, but a broad absorption band between 3300 and 3500 cm⁻¹ was observed. The broad absorption band may suggest free proton, and the possibility of proton conduction in brucite under high pressure and temperature. Received: 16 July 2001 / Accepted: 25 December 2001  相似文献   

Tropospheric ozone and oxides of nitrogen over the north-western Pacific in summer     

Y. Kondo  H. Muramatsu  W. A. Matthews  N. Toriyama  M. Hirota 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1988,6(3):235-250

In summer, atmospheric ozone was measured from an aircraft platform simultaneously with nitric oxide (NO), oxides of nitrogen (NO _y ), and water vapor over the Pacific Ocean in east Asia from 34° N to 19° N along the longitude of 138±3°E. NO _y was measured with the aid of a ferrous sulfate converter. The altitude covered was from 0.5 to 5 km. A good correlation in the smoothed meridional distributions between ozone and NO _y was seen. In particular, north of 25° N, ozone and NO _y mixing ratios were considerably higher than those observed in tropical marine air south of 25° N. NO _y and O₃ reached a minimum of 50 pptv and 4 ppbv respectively in the boundary layer at a latitude of 20° N. The NO concentration between 2 and 5 km at the same latitude was 30 pptv. The profiles of ozone and water vapor mixing ratios were highly anti-correlated between 25° N and 20° N. In contrast, it was much poorer at the latitude of 33° N, suggesting a net photochemical production of ozone there.  相似文献