Non-monotonic optimal damper placement via steepest direction search     

Izuru Takewaki  Shinta Yoshitomi  Koji Uetani  Masaaki Tsuji 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(6):655-670

An efficient and systematic procedure is proposed for finding the optimal damper positioning to minimize the dynamic compliance of a 3-D shear building model. The dynamic compliance is expressed in terms of the transfer function amplitudes of the local interstorey drifts evaluated at the undamped fundamental natural frequency. The dynamic compliance is minimized subject to a constraint on the sum of the damping coefficients of added dampers. Optimality criteria are derived and the optimal damper positioning is determined via an original steepest direction search algorithm. This algorithm enables one to find an optimal damper positioning sequentially for gradually increasing damper capacity levels. A non-monotonic design path with respect to the total damper capacity level often appears in the application of this algorithm. A new augmented algorithm via parameter switching is devised to find this non-monotonic design path. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Subinertial and seasonal variations in the Soya Warm Current revealed by HF ocean radars,coastal tide gauges,and bottom-mounted ADCP   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Naoto Ebuchi  Yasushi Fukamachi  Kay I. Ohshima  Masaaki Wakatsuchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(1):31-43

Subinertial and seasonal variations in the Soya Warm Current (SWC) are investigated using data obtained by high frequency (HF) ocean radars, coastal tide gauges, and a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The HF radars clearly captured the seasonal variations in the surface current fields of the SWC. Almost the same seasonal cycle was repeated in the period from August 2003 to March 2007, although interannual variations were also discernible. In addition to the annual and interannual variations, the SWC exhibited subinertial variations with a period of 5–20 days. The surface transport by the SWC was significantly correlated with the sea level difference between the Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk for both the seasonal and subinertial variations, indicating that the SWC is driven by the sea level difference between the two seas. The generation mechanism of the subinertial variation is discussed using wind data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses. The subinertial variations in the SWC were significantly correlated with the meridional wind stress component over the region. The subinertial variations in the sea level difference and surface current delay from the meridional wind stress variations by one or two days. Sea level difference through the strait caused by wind-generated coastally trapped waves (CTWs) along the east coast of Sakhalin and west coast of Hokkaido is considered to be a possible mechanism causing the subinertial variations in the SWC.  相似文献   

Transport process of sand grains from fluvial to deep marine regions estimated by luminescence of feldspar: example from the Kumano area,central Japan     

Masaaki Shirai  Ryo Hayashizaki 《Island Arc》2013,22(2):242-257

Using the concept of bleaching in optical dating, a new index of sediment sample bleaching percentage (BLP‐2) was developed and applied to evaluate sand grain transport from riverine to deep‐marine environments. As bleached grains in modern sediments have no optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)/infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal, bleached and unbleached feldspar grains are distinguished by IRSL intensity. The BLP‐2 distribution of present deposits around the Kumano area, on the Pacific coast of central Japan, suggests that sand grains in surface turbidites obtained from the bottom of the Kumano Trough are of flood/storm origin rather than seismogenic origin. The distribution of BLP‐2 tentatively suggests sand grain erosion–transport–depositional processes; for example, origin and transport agencies of shelf sand, and influence of coastal erosion on the beach deposit. Although the present BLP analysis is not yet supported by a rigorous statistical test, it is useful to distinguish recent deposition and remobilization of sand grains. Furthermore, if the depositional age and the luminescence age of sand grains are accurately estimated, sand grain transport processes of old (late Quaternary) sediments may be estimated by the methodology similar to that of the present study.  相似文献   

Enhanced reduced model for elastic earthquake response analysis of a class of mono-symmetric shear building structures with constant eccentricity     

Fuyuki Adachi  Shinta YoshitomiMasaaki Tsuji  Izuru Takewaki 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

An enhanced reduced model is proposed for elastic earthquake response analysis of a class of mono-symmetric shear building structures with constant eccentricity. The proposed reduction method consists of two parts. The first stage is the construction of a reduced structural model with the degrees of freedom at representative floor levels only. In this stage, an inverse eigenmode-problem formulation is used to guarantee the limited equivalence between the original model and the reduced model. The reduced model is constructed so as to have the same fundamental natural frequency and the same lowest-mode component ratios at the representative floor levels as those of the original model. The second stage is the transformation of earthquake input forces into a set of reduced input forces. This transformation utilizes the static equivalence of lateral-torsional stiffness between these two models and is introduced to enhance the accuracy level of the reduced model. Several examples of a three-dimensional mono-symmetric ten-story shear building model with constant eccentricity are presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed reduction method for earthquake response analysis.  相似文献   

Petrography of Yamato 984028 lherzolitic shergottite and its melt vein: Implications for its shock metamorphism and origin of the vein     

Shin Ozawa  Masaaki Miyahara  Eiji Ohtani  Makoto Kimura  Yoshinori Ito 《Polar Science》2011,4(4):550-557

Yamato 984028 (Y984028) is a newly identified lherzolitic shergottite, recovered from the Yamato Mountains, Antarctica, in 1999. As part of a consortium study, we conducted petrographic observations of Y984028 and its melt vein in order to investigate its shock metamorphism. The rock displays the typical non-poikilitic texture of lherzolitic shergottite, characterized by a framework of olivine, minor pyroxene (pigeonite and augite), and interstitial maskelynite. Shock metamorphic features include irregular fractures in olivine and pyroxene, shock-induced twin-lamellae in pyroxene, and the complete conversion of plagioclase to maskelynite, features consistent with those found in other lherzolitic shergottites. The melt vein is composed of coarse mineral fragments (mainly olivine) entrained in a matrix of fine-grained euhedral olivine (with several modes of compositional zoning) and interstitial glassy material. Some coarse olivine fragments consist of an assemblage of fine-grained euhedral to subhedral olivine crystals, suggesting shock-induced fragmentation, recrystallization, and/or a process of sintering. The implication is that the fine-grained olivine crystals in the matrix of the melt vein represent complicated crystallization environments and histories.  相似文献   

Japanese VLBI Network Observations of a Gamma-Ray Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342     

Kiyoaki?WajimaEmail author  Kenta?Fujisawa  Masaaki?Hayashida  Naoki?Isobe 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2014,35(3):215-218

We made simultaneous single-dish and VLBI observations of a gamma-ray narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy 1H 0323+342. We found significant flux variation at 8 GHz on a time scale of one month. The total flux density varied by 5.5% in 32 days, corresponding to a variability brightness temperature of 7.0 × 10¹¹ K. We also obtained brightness temperatures of greater than 5.2 × 10¹⁰ K from the VLBI images. These high brightness temperatures suggest that the source has nonthermal processes in the central engine. The source structure could be modelled by two elliptical Gaussian components on the parsec scales. The flux of the central component decreases in the same way as the total flux density, showing that the short-term variability is mainly associated with this component.  相似文献   

Knowledge engineering application in the problem of supporting a large mirror     

Masaaki Watanabe  Youichi Ageishi  Ken Nakamura 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1989,160(1-2):221-224

We propose an application of knowledge engineering in the problem of active supporting for a large mirror. To reduce calculating load and to shorten cycle time, we divide the system hierarchically into a managing central controller and many autonomous local controllers, and use reasoning instead of dynamical analysis. The reasoning is based upon pattern matchings between observed error pattern and test patterns in the knowledge base.Paper presented at the Symposium on the JNLT and Related Engineering Developments, Tokyo, November 29–December 2, 1988.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical characteristics of throughfall and stemflow in a Moso‐bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest     

Masaaki Chiwa  Yuka Onozawa  Kyoichi Otsuki 《水文研究》2010,24(20):2924-2933

To investigate the impacts of the invasion by bamboo on fluxes of nutrients and pollutants, the nutrient/pollutant fluxes and canopy interactions, including neutralization of acidity, leaching and uptake of nitrogen (N), were characterized in conjunction with rainfall partitioning in a Moso‐bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest. Measurements of precipitation volume, pH, major ions, and silicate (SiO₂) in rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were collected weekly in a Moso‐bamboo forest located in Munakata City, Western Japan for 1 year. Results showed that rainfall partitioning into stemflow was larger than that for other types of forest, which may be due to the properties of Moso‐bamboo forest structure, such as a straight and smooth culm. Inorganic N (NO₃⁻ + NH₄⁺) and S (SO₄²⁻) fluxes of throughfall and stemflow were approximately 1·6 and 1·3 times higher than that of rainfall, respectively. Contribution of stemflow flux to inorganic N and S fluxes to the forest floor was high. This could be due to lower uptake of inorganic N through culm and a higher rainfall partitioning into stemflow than that for other types of forest. The Moso‐bamboo canopy neutralized rainfall acidity, reducing the fluxes of potentially acidifying compounds via throughfall and stemflow. Canopy leaching of K⁺ was distinctly higher than that of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ and could be related to the high mobility of K⁺ in plant tissues. Cl⁻ and SiO₂ were readily leached as for K⁺. The impact of the invasion by bamboo on nutrient cycling was discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial variations in throughfall in a Moso bamboo forest: sampling design for the estimates of stand‐scale throughfall     

Yoshinori Shinohara  Yuka Onozawa  Masaaki Chiwa  Tomonori Kume  Hikaru Komatsu  Kyoichi Otsuki 《水文研究》2010,24(3):253-259

We investigated the spatial and seasonal variations in throughfall (Tf) in relation to spatial and seasonal variations in canopy structure and gross rainfall (Rf) and assessed the impacts of the variations in Tf on stand‐scale Tf estimates. We observed the canopy structure expressed as the leaf area index (LAI) once a month and Tf once a week in 25 grids placed in a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest for 1 year. The mean LAI and spatial variation in LAI did have some seasonal variations. The spatial variations in Tf reduced with increasing Rf, and the relationship between the spatial variation and the Rf held throughout the year. These results indicate that the seasonal change in LAI had little impact on spatial variations in Tf, and that Rf is a critical factor determining the spatial variations in Tf at the study site. We evaluated potential errors in stand‐scale Tf estimates on the basis of measured Tf data using Monte Carlo sampling. The results showed that the error decreases greatly with increasing sample size when the sample size was less than ～8, whereas it was near stable when the sample size was 8 or more, regardless of Rf. A sample size of eight results in less than 10% error for Tf estimates based on Student's t‐value analysis and would be satisfactory for interception loss estimates when considering errors included in Rf data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Distribution of crustal fluids in Northeast Japan as inferred from resistivity surveys   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Masaaki Mishina   《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):563-571

We carried out magnetotelluric (MT) surveys in central northeastern Japan. Two-dimensional resistivity profiles along three survey lines show similar features each other. By comparing the resistivity distribution to the distribution of seismic velocities, we inferred the distribution and flow of crustal fluids. Three fluid flow paths were detected based on the distribution of regions of low resistivity. The first path ascends from the top of the upper mantle, passes through the lower crust, and reaches the surface, forming a fluid chamber within the lower or middle crust. This path is related to the volcanic activity in the backbone range. The second path rises from the first fluid chamber and has produced small fluid reservoirs on both sides of the backbone range. These small reservoirs are considered to be related to the seismicity of the region. The third path is located to the east of the volcanic front and represents another fluid flow path from the uppermost mantle to the lower crust that may have formed a small fluid reservoir to the east of the volcanic front.  相似文献