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101.
The sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami, located to the west and east of the southern tip of the Kii Peninsula, is relatively large in periods of non-large meander path (nLMP) of the Kuroshio south of Japan in comparison with periods of large meander path (LMP). Based on this clear relationship, the sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami has been used as an index showing the periods of nLMP and those of LMP of the Kuroshio south of Japan. It has been pointed out that warm and saline Kuroshio water, separated from the main path of the Kuroshio, has a tendency to approach the western area off Kii Peninsula to off Muroto Peninsula in periods of nLMP, while it approaches the eastern area off Kii Peninsula to Omae-zaki in periods of LMP. On the basis of this observational evidences, the dynamic background underlaying the well-known relationship between the Kuroshio path and the sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami is examined in the present study, using the temperature and salinity data observed by Wakayama Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station and Fisheries Research Institute of Mie. It is shown that deviations in vertically integrated specific volume off Kushimoto and Uragami almost equal deviations in observed sea level at Kushimoto and Uragami, respectively. It is also shown that the difference in vertically integrated specific volume between off Kushimoto and off Uragami almost equals the difference in observed sea level between Kushimoto and Uragami. As for the Kuroshio water, the high-temperature contribution is predominant for its specific volume rather than that of high salinity, which yields thermal expansion in comparison with coastal water. Because the difference in vertically integrated specific volume between off Kushimoto and off Uragami almost equals the difference in observed sea level between Kushimoto and Uragami, it is concluded that the relationship between the Kuroshio path and sea level difference between Kushimoto and Uragami is caused by the different approaching of the warm Kuroshio water between in nLMP periods and in LMP periods. 相似文献
102.
Variation of precipitation δ18O in Langtang Valley Himalayas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The variation of the δ18O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amount at Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang
Valley, Nepal Himalayas were analyzed. The variations of the δ18O with precipitation had great scatter, and the correlations between the δ18O and precipitation changed with time on the synoptic scale. On the seasonal scale, there was marked amount effect at Kyangjin
Base House. However, the δ18O-precipitation gradient was smaller than that on the synoptic scale. Because of the maintenance of the basic equilibrium
between stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric vapor and precipitation, the evaporation enrichment was light during the
rainy season. Therefore, the variation of stable isotopic compositions in precipitation was independent on the sampling intervals.
Simulations show that the rainfall in Langtang Valley was not the outcome of the initial condensation of ocean vapor that
originated from low latitudes. The stable isotopic compositions in precipitation were greatly depleted due to the strong rainout
of the vapor from oceans as the vapor was raised over the Himalayas. 相似文献
103.
Cultures of six marine phytoplankton were grown at ammonium concentrations ranging up to 200 μg-atom NH4---N litre−1. Only the growth of dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium splendens and Gonyaulax polyedra was inhibited at the two highest concentrations used. In 3-h photosynthetic 14CO2 uptake experiments, only Gymnodinium was inhibited at concentrations of NH4---N greater than 100 μg-atom litre−1. We conclude that the increased ammonium concentrations found near Southern California sewage outfalls would not be inhibiting to phytoplankton in the vicinity of such outfalls. 相似文献
104.
Masayuki Takahashi Toshisuke Nakai Takashi Ishimaru Hiroshi Hasumoto Yoshihiko Fujita 《Journal of Oceanography》1985,41(2):73-80
Continuous distribution of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) was confirmed in the Kuroshio and neighbouring areas in observations at 15 to 40 km intervals. Chlorophyll amounts occurring in and immediately around the SCM constituted 60 to 80% of the total chlorophyll in the water column above the 1% light level. The SCM zone received 1 to 10% of the surface irradiance at its center and contained sufficient macronutrients to support approximately one doubling of the existing phytoplankton biomass at most stations. There were several stations where there were higher nutrient concentrations that would support more than one doubling of the existing biomass around the SCM zone, and this was interpreted as resulting from uplift of the SCM zone due to upwelling. 相似文献
105.
Photosynthetic pigment system of picophytoplankton of cyanophytes was examined with five strains isolated from the Kuroshio
water at the depth of 70 m. Examination was made for the absorption spectra of intact cells of each strain. Analysis of pigment
composition was also made withSynechococcus NIBB 1059 and 1071, which were isolated from surface waters of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio area, respectively. Results indicated
that (1) all strains contain phycoerythrin with a very high concentration, and (2) the phycoerythrin in these strains contains
two chromophores, phycoerythrobilin and phycourobilin, and (3) a large abundance of phycoerythrin and phycourobilin in the
phycoerythrin enablesSynechococcus picophytoplankton to absorb effectively the light in the blue-green region at the subsurface depth. These characteristics
suggest that cyanophytes in the subsurface water can collectt the blue-green light and perform actively photosynthesis even
at the bottom of euphotic layer. 相似文献
106.
Eguchi Takao Fujinawa Yukio Fujita Eisuke Iwasaki Sin-Iti Watabe Isao Fujiwara Hiroyuki 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(2):73-94
We installed a real-time operating regional observation network of Ocean-Bottom-Seismometers, connected to an electro-optical fiber communication cable, at the Sagami trough subduction zone, just south of the Tokyo metropolitan area, central Japan. The network, called ETMC, has six seismic observation sites at approximately 20 km spacing. In addition, there are three tsunami observation sites along the ETMC network to monitor the propagation process of tsunamis around the Sagami trough region.The on-line data from the ETMC has been improving the detection capability of smaller-magnitude earthquakes even at areas close to the margin of the trough. The ETMC data analyzing system, which has a function of real-time digital filtering for each seismic channel, can read the arrival times of P- and S-waves precisely, constraining well the automatic on-line hypocenter locations. The network has been providing useful information regarding the bending and downgoing process of the Philippine sea plate at the Sagami trough subduction zone.The pressure sensors of the installed network have a detection capability of tsunami wave trains with an amplitude of less than 1 cm. For example, the sensors recorded the full time history of tsunami wave trains, with mm order resolution, originating from a tsunami earthquake with 5.7 MW and the tsunami magnitude of 7.5 occurred near Tori Shima (Tori Is.) of the Izu-Bonin Is. arc on September 4, 1996. The maximum amplitude of the tsunami signals on the trough-floor was approximately 1 cm (P-P), in contrast with approximately 20 cm (0-P) at a coastal site on Izu-Oshima, near the trough. Also, the pressure sensors observed tsunamis due to a large tsunami earthquake (7.1 MW) at the northern New Guinea, on July 17, 1998. 相似文献
107.
Photographic observations of the brittle starOphiura sarsi were conducted at a depth of approximately 280 m in the Pacific Ocean off tsuchi, northeastern Japan. Bottom photographs showed that this ophiuroid occurred in high densities, uniformly covering the sea floor and that other megafauna was rare. The mean density and biomass of ophiuroids in the dense bed were estimated to be 373 m–2 and 124 g m–2, respectively. Ophiuroids comprised 99% of all megabenthic organisms in terms of number of individuals, and megafaunal assemblage of the dense bed showed very low species diversity.O. sarsi exhibited a regular spatial pattern avoiding contact with conspecific neighbors. This regular spatial pattern was disrupted by certain other organisms, around which halo-like, bare areas were observed. The size and shape of these halo-like areas varied and were apparently related to the body size and/or motility of the organisms. In the present observation areaO. sarsi covered 96% of the sea bottom, and the remaining 4% was occupied by other organisms and their halo-like bare areas. 相似文献
108.
We suggest methods for the analysis of the spatial distribution of plant species in a research area divided into a quadrat lattice. In particular, information about the topography and the spaces without plants is used for the analysis. At sites with a homogeneous substratum, we classify the topography by whether a target grid is concave or convex with respect to a standard surface of altitude. At other sites, we classify the topography according to whether the grid is located at the edge of rock and/or at a water pool. Information about the topography and the plant existence is used for constructing 2 × 2 contingency tables. In order to determine the strength of dependence between the topography and plant existence, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is used. The methods are applied to data of the microtopography and distribution of mosses in continental Antarctica. 相似文献
109.
110.
Masaharu Watanabe Yasunobu Iwasaka Takashi Shibata Masahiko Hayashi Motowo Fujiwara Roland Neuber 《Atmospheric Research》2004,69(3-4):199-215
Balloon-borne aerosol measurements were performed with an optical particle counter between 1994 and 2000 at Ny-Ålesund (79°N), Svarbard. Throughout the observation period, continuous decay was found in the concentrations of particles with 0.4–0.6 μm in radius in the Arctic stratosphere, suggesting that Pinatubo aerosols remained even at the end of the 1990s. The decay rate was clearly higher for larger particle sizes, and higher at higher altitude (e-folding time of 970–526 days), suggesting a gravitational sedimentation effect. For smaller particles with R<0.4 μm, slight increases in concentration with time were found, which agreed with the measurements at mid-latitude. The sulfate mass mixing ratio in the Arctic stratosphere before 1998 showed values higher than those at middle latitude, while values were almost the same in both regions after 1998. A possible explanation of the latitudinal difference is a time lag (of 0.5–1 year) in the arrival of Pinatubo aerosols in the Arctic. 相似文献