Accretionary Orogens of the Japanese Islands and Their Comparison with the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Evidence     

JAHN Bor-ming  USUKI Masako  ISHIHARA Shunso  OKAMOTO Kazuaki  USUKI Tadashi 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):302-304

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Geochemical and hydrological controls on biannual lamination of tufa deposits     

Tatsuya Kawai  Akihiro Kano  Masako Hori 《Sedimentary Geology》2009,213(1-2):41-50

Fluvial tufa deposits in southwest Japan commonly develop biannual lamination consisting of dense summer layers and porous winter layers, and the clearness of the laminae varies among the sites. The laminae have been largely attributed to a seasonally variable inorganic precipitation rate of calcite. This rate-controlled hypothesis was examined by using quantitative data for calcite packing-density (CPD) and the precipitation rate of calcite (PWP rate) calculated from water chemistry. The results for four tufa-depositing sites in SW Japan show that a positive correlation between CPD and PWP rate becomes less certain with increasing PWP rate. In the temperature realm of SW Japan, tufas develop regular distinct seasonal change in CPD when deposited in water containing Ca values less than 65 mg/l, which results in a relatively low precipitation rate. The CPD of tufa deposits rarely exceeds 65%, owing to pore space between fine-grained calcite crystals and to porosity derived from decomposed cyanobacteria and other microorganisms. By increasing the Ca content to more than 65 mg/l, the CPD often attains an upper limit and becomes insensitive to seasonal changes in the PWP rate. Therefore, seasonal variations in CPD at sites with a higher Ca content are unclear, as seen in two examples from tropical islands in southern Japan and in one locality in a temperate climate. The flow rate and microbial density on the tufa surface are subordinate factors with respect to the CPD. Seasonal changes in these two factors often enhance the porous/dense contrast of biannual lamination in SW Japan.  相似文献   

Dunite channels within a harzburgite layer from the Horoman peridotite complex,Japan: Possible pathway for magmas     

Masako Yoshikawa  Kiyoaki Niida  David H. Green 《Island Arc》2019,28(1)

Two discordant dunite channels in a polished slab were collected from a harzburgite layer in the Horoman orogenic lherzolite massif, Hokkaido, Japan. The dunite channels show extreme grain‐size variations, and include very large olivine megacrysts up to 1.6 m long. Spinel‐rich pyroxenite veins or veinlets occasionally cross‐cut the olivine megacrysts. Mineral compositions differ between channels, and the mineral compositions and textures of the dunite channels and the host harzburgite suggest a replacive origin for the dunites. The Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of clinopyroxene separates from the pyroxenite veins in two dunite channels are different, but these ratios are generally similar to those of mid‐ocean ridge basalts. Assuming the channels formed by the through‐flow of melts, then the trace element compositions of the melts estimated from the clinopyroxenes are broadly similar. The melts have similar features such as enriched in incompatible elements and depleted in heavy rare earth elements, but there are differences in the depletions in Ti and Ba, indicating melts that were different but of similar origins. A Rb–Sr crystallization age (~ 52 Ma) was obtained for clinopyroxene–orthopyroxene pairs in a dunite channel and its host harzburgite. The distinctive dunite channels with megacrysts formed as a result of the through‐flow of mafic magma(s), and those magmas had trace and minor element contents that are indicative of contributions of a melt derived from subducted oceanic lithosphere.  相似文献   

The last deglacial history of Lützow‐Holm Bay,East Antarctica     

Masako Yamane  Yusuke Yokoyama  Hideki Miura  Hideaki Maemoku  Shogo Iwasaki  Hiroyuki Matsuzaki 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(1):3-6

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The effect of health benefits on climate change mitigation policies     

Masako Ikefuji  Jan R. Magnus  Hiroaki Sakamoto 《Climatic change》2014,126(1-2):229-243

This paper studies the interplay between climate, health, and the economy in a stylized world with eleven heterogeneous regions, with special emphasis on USA, Europe, China, India, and Africa. We introduce health impacts into a simple economic integrated assessment model where both the local cooling effect of SO ₂ and the global warming effect of CO ₂ are endogenous, and investigate how these factors affect the equilibrium path. Regions do not respond in the same way to climate change. In particular, emission abatement rates and health costs depend on the economic and geographical characteristics of each region. Two policy scenarios are considered, Nash and Optimal, for which we present both global and regional results. Results for Africa and China are highlighted.  相似文献   

The abundances of titanium,zirconium and hafnium in stony meteorites     

Masako Shima 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(3):353-362

The concentrations of Ti, Zr and Hf have been determined, by a stable isotope dilution method, in 27 chondrites, seven achondrites and standard rock samples BCR-1 and W-1.Among all chondrites investigated, enstatite chondrite Abee is lowest in Ti atomic ratio compared with Si while all carbonaceous chondrites show higher values. The Zr contents are higher in CII and CIII chondrites, relative to the other groups of chondrites. There is a clustering of Ti and Zr within each group. The $\text{Zr}\text{Hf}$ ratios in CII, CIII. E and H chondrites are essentially the same, while that in the CI chondrite is lower and in L, LL and unequilibrated chondrites are higher.The concentrations of Ti, Zr, Hf and $\text{Ti}\text{Zr}$, $\text{Zr}\text{Hf}$ ratios in achondrites are variable, even among members of the same group.Based on these results, condensation models for these elements are discussed. The variable results for Ti, Zr and Hf in achondrites may be due to the reheating recrystallization and metamorphic processes.‘Cosmic atomic abundances’ of Ti, Zr and Hf are calculated as 2470, 11.2 and 0.185. respectively for Si = 10⁶ atoms.  相似文献   

Lecture by the winner of the Oceanographical Society of Japan prize-some aspects of tsunami research     

Kinjiro Kajiura 《Journal of Oceanography》1975,31(6):269-276

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Obituary     

Kinjiro Kajiura 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(2):119-120

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Long-period waves in the vicinity of Onagawa Bay (I)     

Isamu Aida  Tokutaro Hatori  Morio Koyama  Hideki Nagashima  Kinjiro Kajiura 《Journal of Oceanography》1972,28(5):207-219

To investigate the response characteristics of a bay to tsunamis, field measurements of long-period waves have been carried out at Onagawa and Okachi Bays, both of which face the Pacific Ocean in northern Japan. In Onagawa Bay, the observed transfer function is in good agreement with the prediction based on the one-dimensional numerical model, in the period range larger than about 15 minutes. The response of shorter periods seems to be influenced by the two-dimensionality of the bay. The oscillations within Onagawa Harbor are also discussed with respect to the relative amplitude and phase at two stations inside the harbor and it is estimated that the reflection coefficient at the waterfront is about 0.7. In Okachi Bay, the oscillations in the period range larger than about 10 minutes could be explained by a Y-shaped model of the bay. The dominant oscillations offshore of these two-bays are found to be the mode with the motion predominantly in the direction normal to the shelf orientation, and the estimated power spectral density of incoming waves in deep water varies asf ^–2,f being the frequency. The waves of lateral modes, such as edge waves on the shelf, are small and of minor importance to generate bay oscillations of longer periods.  相似文献   

Water condition control of in situ soil water repellency: an observational study from a hillslope in a Japanese humid‐temperate forest     

Masako Kajiura  Yoshie Etori  Takeshi Tange 《水文研究》2012,26(20):3070-3078

To evaluate the relationship between the moisture conditions and the water repellency of soil surfaces in situ, we periodically conducted field surveys for more than a year in a humid‐temperate forest in Japan. Measurements were made in four plots with varying soil physicochemical properties and under different topographic conditions across a hillslope. Each plot contained permanent quadrats with measurement points in a grid pattern. At each point, we measured the volumetric water content at 0‐ to 5‐cm depths and the water repellency at soil surfaces approximately twice a month. The repeated measurements enabled us to estimate the critical water content (CWC) below which soils repelled water at each point. We defined the representative CWC (RCWC) of a plot as the median of all CWCs in a plot and estimated the representative critical water potential (RCWP) on the basis of the RCWC using the water retention curve. The RCWC values differed among plots, but the corresponding RCWP values were similar (pF = 3.5–3.9). The relationship of the areal fraction showing water repellency against soil water potentials was similar across plots, but the relationship differed among plots against the soil moisture content. These results suggest that soil water potential is more indicative of the spatial occurrence of water repellency than moisture content on a hillslope where soil physicochemical properties vary. Plots located on ridge crests frequently exhibited lower water potentials and showed a higher areal fraction of water repellency, implying a greater chance of generating surface runoff by rainfall events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献