内蒙古达里湖全新世有机碳氮同位素记录与环境演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范佳伟  肖举乐  温锐林  翟大有  王旭  崔琳琳  Shigeru Itoh 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

内蒙古中东部的达里湖为一水文封闭型湖泊,位于现今东亚夏季风的北部边缘区,对区域环境变化十分敏感.本文对达里湖沉积中心提取的岩芯(DL04沉积岩芯)顶部8.5m沉积物进行了有机地球化学分析.15个全岩样品有机质的放射性碳测年结果表明:岩芯顶部8.5m涵盖了过去大约11500年.按约50年分辨率分析的225个总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)含量、总有机碳/总氮(C/N)原子比值数据以及221个有机碳和有机氮稳定同位素(δ13C和δ13C)数据,详细揭示了全新世东亚夏季风边缘区的水文和生态变化历史.在距今11500 ～ 9800日历年(ca1.aB.P.)期间,所有地球化学指标均呈逐渐增大趋势,指示入湖河流逐渐增强,达里湖开始扩张,水生植物生产率逐渐升高;在9800 ～ 7700cal.aB.P.期间,TOC和TN含量以及C/N比值维持稳定高值,δ13C和δ15N值较小,指示湖泊维持高湖面状态,陆源输入和浮游植物生产率较高;在7700～ 5900cal.aB.P.期间,C/N比值和δ15N维持低值,TOC和TN含量呈现更高值,并且波动变化,δ13C值逐渐增大,表明湖面维持高水平,湖水显著变暖,浮游植物生产率显著升高,流域植被大幅度扩张;在5900 ～ 4850cal.aB.P.期间,TOC和TN含量,C/N比值以及δ13C值显著减小,δ15N值显著增大,暗示地表径流显著减弱,达里湖湖面显著下降,湖泊生产率快速下降;从4850cal.a B.P.开始,TOC和TN含量以及C/N比值呈逐渐减小趋势,δ13C和δ15N值呈逐渐增大趋势,表明湖面逐渐下降,湖水盐度、碱度升高,湖水可能变冷,湖泊生产率逐渐下降,流域植被收缩.全新世东亚夏季风边缘区水文和生态环境的变化可能直接或间接受北半球夏季太阳辐射量和区域季风降水强度的共同控制.  相似文献   

Interannual variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent induced by potential vorticity variability in the subsurface     

Hideharu Sasaki  Shang-Ping Xie  Bunmei Taguchi  Masami Nonaka  Shigeki Hosoda  Yukio Masumoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(1):93-111

Interannual variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC) in the 2000s were investigated using satellite and Argo profiling float observations. The satellite-observed sea surface height shows that the geostrophic eastward current was anomalously strong to the west away from Hawaii in 2003 and 2005. However, the trade winds and the orographic wind curl dipole in the lee of Hawaii that drives the climatological mean HLCC were not particularly strong in these years, suggesting that the accelerations of the HLCC were not caused by the wind stress curl forcing around Hawaii and subsequent Rossby wave propagation. Using Argo observations, we found negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies in the subsurface north of the HLCC in these 2 years. The pycnocline is lifted northward as low PV waters of different densities stack up in the vertical, and the HLCC is then accelerated via the thermal wind. The intensification and/or southward intrusion of the eastern subtropical mode water and subtropical mode water seem to have induced negative PV anomalies in 2003 and 2005, respectively. Using high-resolution ocean simulations, we confirmed the migrations of PV anomalies and their contributions to the HLCC accelerations. Although the HLCC is located away from the cores of major mode waters, our results suggest that interannual variations of the HLCC are affected by those of mode waters.  相似文献   

Decadal variability of the Kuroshio Extension: mesoscale eddies and recirculations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bunmei Taguchi  Bo Qiu  Masami Nonaka  Hideharu Sasaki  Shang-Ping Xie  Niklas Schneider 《Ocean Dynamics》2010,60(3):673-691

An eddy-resolving multidecadal ocean model hindcast simulation is analyzed to investigate time-varying signals of the two recirculation gyres present respectively to the north and south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) jet. The northern recirculation gyre (NRG), which has been detected at middepth recently by profiling float and moored current meter observations, is a major focus of the present study. Low-frequency variations in the intensity of the recirculation gyres are overall highly correlated with decadal variations of the KE jet induced by the basin-wide wind change. Modulation of the simulated mesoscale eddies and its relationship with the time-varying recirculation gyres are also evaluated. The simulated eddy kinetic energy in the upstream KE region is inversely correlated with the intensity of the NRG, consistent with previous observational studies. Eddy influence on the low-frequency modulation of the NRG intensity at middepth is further examined by a composite analysis of turbulent Sverdrup balance, assuming a potential vorticity balance between the mean advection and the convergent eddy fluxes during the different states of the recirculation gyre. The change in the NRG intensity is adequately explained by that inferred by the turbulent Sverdrup balance, suggesting that the eddy feedback triggers the low-frequency modulation of the NRG intensity at middepth.  相似文献   

Seasonal Variations of Water Masses and Sea Level in the Southwestern Part of the Okhotsk Sea     

Motoyo Itoh  Kay I. Ohshima 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(6):643-654

A new grid data set for the southwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea was compiled by using all the available hydrographic data from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center, World Ocean Atlas 1994 and the other additional data sources with the resolution of about 10 km. We examine the seasonal variations of areas and volumes of Soya Warm Current Water (SWCW) and East Sakhalin Current Water (ESCW) and show that the exchanges of these water masses drastically occur in April and November. The peculiar variation of sea level in this region is also related with the water mass exchange. Sea level at the Hokkaido coast of the Okhotsk Sea reaches its minimum in April about two months later than in the case of ordinary mid-latitude ocean, and its maximum in December besides the summer peak. The winter peak of sea level in December is caused by the advent of fresh and cold ESCW which is accumulated at the subsurface layers (20–150 m) through the Ekman convergence by the prevailing northerly wind. Sea level minimum in April is caused by the release of the convergence and the recovery of dense SWCW that is saline and much colder than that in summer.  相似文献   

Diurnal variation of urban structure in terms of time distance: A spatio-temporal analysis of an urban area     

Satoru Itoh 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):223-235

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the diurnal variations in structure of an urban area from the viewpoint of time distance. To accomplish this, for one entire day, and for the morning, noon, and evening periods, time maps are delineated by using MDS; also, the indices of accessibility and circuity are computed from the time distances. As a result, the difference in shape between the time and actual maps becomes clear especially in the morning and also in the evening. Both the accessibility and circuity measured from the time distance show a concentrically shaped pattern where the regional disparity is especially distinct within the morning and evening periods. The diurnal variations as described above are thought to occur against the backdrop of the topological traffic conditions within the study area. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

多传感器不同分辨率遥感数字图像的尺度转换   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

布和敖斯尔  马建文  王勤学  金子正美  福山龙次 《地理学报》2004,59(1):101-110

针对日益增多的多传感器不同分辨率的遥感数字图像数据,提出其综合利用和尺度转换的有效方法。其中,作为尺度上推 (scaling-up) 技术,本研究选择IHS和小波分解变换两种数据融合方法,应用Landsat ETM+数据和IRS-1C数据进行了实例研究。发现: IHS方法操作简单,对两种待融合的图像的像元大小和像元数 (bit数) 的依赖不是很高,而对原始图像光谱信息的依赖很高,因此适用于不同传感器之间的数据融合上,其缺点就是不能够更多的保留原始多光谱数据的光谱信息。小波分解变换 (WD) 方法可以很好地保留多光谱传感器的所有光谱信息,但是在重采样中对两种待融合的图像的像元配准的要求很高,因此比较适合于对同一传感器的多光谱数据与全色光谱数据的融合上。作为尺度下退 (scaling-down) 技术,通过探讨将札幌野外实验站点数据镶嵌到高时间分辨率遥感图像的问题,提出像元级尺度扩展的具体操作方法和对NDVI图像进行扩展时出现混合像元的识别方法。应用AVHRR, MODIS, ETM+和ASTER的NDVI图像数据进行了像元尺度的扩展研究。得出: 对不同传感器的不同分辨率的数据之间进行像元级的尺度扩展后,能够较好地识别出不同地物的分布边界,较好的分辨混合像元,因此其结果可用于对不同地物分布特征的分类研究或土地覆盖变化中的时间序列变化的研究中。  相似文献   

Structure of hydrous aluminosilicate glasses along the diopside-anorthite join: A comprehensive one- and two-dimensional H and Al NMR study     

Xianyu Xue  Masami Kanzaki 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(9):2331-2348

We have taken a systematic approach utilizing advanced solid-state NMR techniques to gain new insights into the controversial issue concerning the dissolution mechanisms of water in aluminosilicate melts (glasses). A series of quenched anhydrous and hydrous (∼2 wt% H₂O) glass samples along the diopside (Di, CaMgSi₂O₆)—anorthite (An, CaAl₂Si₂O₈) join with varying An components (0, 20, 38, 60, 80, and 100 mol %) have been studied. A variety of NMR techniques, including one-dimensional (1D) ¹H and ²⁷Al MAS NMR, and ²⁷Al → ¹H cross-polarization (CP) MAS NMR, as well as two-dimensional (2D) ¹H double-quantum (DQ) MAS NMR, ²⁷Al triple-quantum (3Q) MAS NMR, and ²⁷Al → ¹H heteronuclear correlation NMR (HETCOR) and 3QMAS/HETCOR NMR, have been applied. These data revealed the presence of SiOH, free OH ((Ca,Mg)OH) and AlOH species in the hydrous glasses, with the last mostly interconnected with Si and residing in the more polymerized parts of the structure. Thus, there are no fundamental differences in water dissolution mechanisms for Al-free and Al-bearing silicate melts (glasses), both involving two competing processes: the formation of SiOH/AlOH that is accompanied by the depolymerization of the network structure, and the formation of free OH that has an opposite effect. The latter is more important for depolymerized compositions corresponding to mafic and ultramafic magmas.Aluminum is dominantly present in four coordination (Al^IV), but a small amount of five-coordinate Al (Al^V) is also observed in all the anhydrous and hydrous glasses. Furthermore, six-coordinate Al (Al^VI) is also present in most of the hydrous glasses. As Al of higher coordinations are favored by high pressure, Al^VIOH and Al^VOH may become major water species at higher pressures corresponding to those of the Earth’s mantle.  相似文献   

Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Mawaki archaeological site,central Japan,in relation to the stratigraphic position of dolphin bones     

Yasuto Itoh  Keiji Takemura  Toshio Nakamura  Shin Hasegawa  Hideki Takada 《Geoarchaeology》2011,26(4):461-478

In order to elucidate the paleoenvironment associated with the early Holocene Mawaki archaeological site on the Noto Peninsula of central Japan, a high‐resolution stratigraphic study was conducted of 17 boreholes drilled at the archaeological site. We selected three boreholes for which lithological and/or chronological data are reported. Initial magnetic susceptibility was utilized for correlation of clastic core samples with the assistance of 26 radiocarbon dates. Four lithological units (A, B, C, and D in ascending order) were identified and interpreted as a sequence in a cycle of marine transgression and regression. Dated coastal horizons were chosen to indicate former sea levels. A Holocene relative sea level curve was generated on the basis of the geological data, and a rapid rise from 8000cal. yr B.P. to 7000cal. yr B.P. and a succeeding minor sea level fall represent the basic eustatic trend around the Sea of Japan because hydroisostatic and tectonic effects are moderate in the study area. Abundant dolphin bones lay just above the top of the marine sequence (boundary between Units C and D), located in the seashore environment. Cultural artifacts are found in a subaerial deposit (Unit D) near the dolphin bone level that is assigned to a period of high, stable sea level after the post‐glacial eustatic highstand. Dolphin bones are associated with stone artifacts (arrowheads, knives, and scrapers) and ritual wood columns, indicating the presence of a longstanding fishery during the early Holocene on the Sea of Japan coast. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

超声波技术在冻土物性测试中的应用探讨   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

盛煜  彭万巍  福田正己 《冰川冻土》2001,23(4):432-435

超声波在冻土中的传播特性反映了冻土材料的动力学特征，利用超声波速度测试技术可以直接测试冻土的动力学弹性参数，实验结果表明，冻土的单轴压缩强度与冻土的超声波速度在单一影响因素改变时存在良好的相关关系，利用这种相关性，有可能采用超声波无损测试技术来估计冻土的强度，冻土的未冻水含量明显影响着冻土中超声波的传播速度，实验结果表明，超声波速度与未冻水含量之间存在很好的函数关系，它提示了超声波速度用于冻土未冻水含量测试的可能性。  相似文献   

Crustal shortening of Southwest Japan in the Late Miocene   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Yasuto  Itoh Yasuhiko  Nagasaki 《Island Arc》1996,5(3):337-353

Abstract Tectonic deformation of an island arc is interpreted on the basis of geophysical data. Extensive reflection seismic, gravity, geomagnetic data around the back-arc region of Southwest Japan delineate east-west to northeast-southwest folding, and imply conspicuous compression on the southern margin of the Sea of Japan. Because geological data of exploration boreholes indicate that the coinpressive regime was dominant in the late Miocene, the tectonic event seems to be linked with coeval resumption of subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Strong coupling of the young buoyant oceanic plate brought about north-south shortening of the overriding continental lithosphere, and left wrench deformation at the southwestern corner of the Sea of Japan. Amount of shortening for the back-arc shelf and mountainous ranges of Southwest Japan is estimated to be ca 10 km, adopting a uniform ratio of shortening (0.944) since the Miocene determined on the shelf from depth-converted seismic profiles. Along the western side of a bend of boundary between the Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, the middle Miocene and younger sediments upon the back-arc shelf are much less deformed than the northern equivalents, and the fore-arc Miocene strata are deformed by left wrenching, facts which are indicative of northerly initial convergence of the Philippine Sea Plate at the end of Miocene and crustal decoupling on the west of Kyushu Island.  相似文献