Lessons learnt from a collaborative management programme in coastal Tanzania     

Sue Wells  Melita Samoilys  Solomon Makoloweka  Hassan Kalombo 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(4):161-168

The Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme, initiated in 1994, was among the first such projects to make livelihoods improvement a key objective, and to use a community-based approach. It developed an approach to coastal management planning that is broadly satisfactory to both communities and the government. Six fisheries management areas and two mangrove management areas were established. Institutional arrangements for the collaborative approach were strengthened and community leaders and local government officers were trained in a range of relevant skills. A coastal environmental education programme for primary schools involved several thousand schoolchildren, and a gender programme built the confidence of women. Implementation of the management measures was noticeably harder than planning, particularly elimination of destructive fishing methods. Fishers and coastal communities now however have a much greater involvement in, and understanding of, coastal management and consequently a greater sense of ownership.  相似文献   

Performance of a conceptual and physically based model in simulating the response of a semi‐urbanized watershed in San Antonio,Texas     

Almoutaz A. El Hassan  H. O. Sharif  Terrance Jackson  Singaiah Chintalapudi 《水文研究》2013,27(24):3394-3408

The need for accurate hydrologic analysis and rainfall–runoff modelling tools has been rapidly increasing because of the growing complexity of operational hydrologic and hydraulic problems associated with population growth, rapid urbanization and expansion of agricultural activities. Given the recent advances in remote sensing of physiographic features and the availability of near real‐time precipitation products, rainfall–runoff models are expected to predict runoff more accurately. In this study, we compare the performance and implementation requirements of two rainfall–runoff models for a semi‐urbanized watershed. One is a semi‐distributed conceptual model, the Hydrologic Engineering Center‐Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC‐HMS). The other is a physically based, distributed‐parameter hydrologic model, the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). Four flood events that took place on the Leon Creek watershed, a sub‐watershed of the San Antonio River basin in Texas, were used in this study. The two models were driven by the Multisensor Precipitation Estimator radar products. One event (in 2007) was used for HEC‐HMS and GSSHA calibrations. Two events (in 2004 and 2007) were used for further calibration of HEC‐HMS. Three events (in 2002, 2004 and 2010) were used for model validation. In general, the physically based, distributed‐parameter model performed better than the conceptual model and required less calibration. The two models were prepared with the same minimum required input data, and the effort required to build the two models did not differ substantially. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Truly Spatial Random Forests Algorithm for Geoscience Data Analysis and Modelling     

Talebi  Hassan  Peeters  Luk J. M.  Otto  Alex  Tolosana-Delgado  Raimon 《Mathematical Geosciences》2022,54(1):1-22

Mathematical Geosciences - Spatial data mining helps to find hidden but potentially informative patterns from large and high-dimensional geoscience data. Non-spatial learners generally look at the...  相似文献   

Compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes on surface water availability in Iran     

Ashraf  Samaneh  AghaKouchak  Amir  Nazemi  Ali  Mirchi  Ali  Sadegh  Mojtaba  Moftakhari  Hamed R.  Hassanzadeh  Elmira  Miao  Chi-Yuan  Madani  Kaveh  Mousavi Baygi  Mohammad  Anjileli  Hassan  Arab  Davood Reza  Norouzi  Hamid  Mazdiyasni  Omid  Azarderakhsh  Marzi  Alborzi  Aneseh  Tourian  Mohammad J.  Mehran  Ali  Farahmand  Alireza  Mallakpour  Iman 《Climatic change》2019,152(3-4):379-391

Climatic Change - By combining long-term ground-based data on water withdrawal with climate model projections, this study quantifies the compounding effects of human activities and climate change...  相似文献   

Landslide susceptibility assessment of national highway 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil,Jammu and Kashmir,India using frequency ratio method     

Nanda  Aadil Manzoor  Hassan  Zahoor ul  Ahmed  Pervez  Kanth  T. A. 《GeoJournal》2021,86(6):2945-2956

GeoJournal - This study is an attempt to carry landslide susceptibility assessment along national highway 1D a lifeline to the Ladakh region using Frequency Ratio Method in GIS environment. The...  相似文献   

Hydrogeological framework and estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters using geoelectrical data: a case study from West Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Abduulah Taheri Tizro  Kostantanous S. Voudouris  Mortaza Salehzade  Hassan Mashayekhi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(4):917-929

Detailed local geological, geophysical, and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the alluvial aquifer in the Kangavar basin, West Iran to delineate the architecture of different subsurface geological horizons using lithologs and generated vertical electrical sounding (VES) data. An attempt has also been made to estimate aquifer transmissivity from resistivity data. Forty VESs were recorded with the Schlumberger electrode configuration in the study area; 28 of these were selected for evaluation. The maximum current electrode spacing was 400–500 m. The data obtained were interpreted by computer iterative modeling with curve matching for calibration purposes. In order to ascertain the subsurface geological framework, the general distribution of resistivity responses of the geological formations was obtained and geoelectrical sections along a number of lines were prepared. Probable aquifer horizons from these sections were identified. The transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer was computed by determining the Dar-Zarrouk parameters (longitudinal unit conductance and transverse unit resistance) and were compared with the actual field transmissivity. The results showed a direct relation between aquifer transmissivity and modified transverse resistance.  相似文献   

Hydrological processes of adsorption,sedimentation, and infiltration into the lake bed during the 2004 urban flood in Dhaka city,Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Kenji Okubo  M. Shah Alam Khan  M. Qumrul Hassan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(1):95-106

The urban flood of Dhaka city in September 2004 is a result of heavy rainfall (341 mm a day or more than 600 mm in 5 days). In addition to the local rainfall, elevated water levels in the surrounding rivers may have affected the flood duration by bank filtration. Two lakes, Banani and Gulshan, in the mid of the city are the part of general storm water retention system in Dhaka. Flood water runs through the lakes acting as channels to the pumping station downstream. A tank model is used in this study to describe the total drainage process with the hydraulic geometry and resistance laws to derive cross-sections and friction factors of the quasi-uniform flows. Assuming the dissolved matters of the flood water was of similar composition as in the lake sediments, the process was a combination of adsorption and sedimentation. Lake sediment samples collected in March 2004 show an anomaly of chromium which may reflect the previous 1998 flood, and there may be a diffusive leakage from the source area to the adjacent zones. Further evidence of infiltration process is seen in records of diurnal thermal stratification of Lake Banani. It responds to only heavy rainfalls over 100 mm/day, and the fact means that infiltration to the groundwater is rather intermittent.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional transport of dust from an infinite line source at ground level: non-zero roughness height   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. H. A. Hassan  I. A. Eltayeb 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(1):211-214

  相似文献   

Radon and thoron content in atmospheric air at Giza,Egypt     

Abdel Fattah El-Nadi  Hassan M. Omar 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1960,45(1):261-266

Summary The radon and thoron content in atmospheric air at Giza was determined through the period from January (1958 to July 1959) by using the emanometrical technique. The concentration of radon and its decay products was equal to (88±4) 10^–18 Curie/c.c. and that of thoron and its decay products was equal to (51±11) 10^–18 Curie/c.c.  相似文献   

Reproducibility of seasonal ensemble integrations with ECMWF GCM and its association with ENSO   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. S. Hassan  X.-Q. Yang  S.-S. Zao 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2004,86(3-4):159-172

Summary This study evaluates seasonal climate potential predictability with a dataset of nine-member ensemble seasonal integrations produced by the ECMWF GCM for the ERA-15 period (1979–1993). The methodology used here is the measure of the ensemble reproducibility for a particular season defined by Yang et al (1998). High reproducibility reflects the dominant role of the lower boundary forcing in seasonal climate anomaly, indicating good potential predictability. Spatial patterns of the reproducibility for selected variables are documented, which exhibit obvious regionality and seasonality. Such variables are always highly reproducible over most of the tropical regions. Over the northern extratropics, primary reproducible information, taking the 500hPa geopotential height for example, is found over the PNA region during winter while over most of Asia during summer. Winter has the largest reproducible area; autumn has the lowest, while summer and spring are in between. Association of the reproducibility with ENSO events was examined regionally. Internal variances due to ensemble spread were broken down for individual years, and the reproducibility was computed for four categories: El Niño, La Niña, ENSO, and non-ENSO years. The reproducibility during winter especially over the PNA region is insensitive to ENSO events, with exceptions over the tropical western Pacific, central Siberia and Western Europe. Contrarily, ENSO events have significant impacts on the reproducibility over the southwest USA and most of Asian monsoon region during summer. These results suggest that ENSO events may not be helpful to the seasonal climate predictability over the PNA region during winter, but they may increase predictable information over many regions of the northern extratropical continents during summer.  相似文献