Hohokam Canal Irrigation and the Formation of Irragric Anthrosols in the Middle Gila River Valley,Arizona, USA     

M. Kyle Woodson  Jonathan A. Sandor  Colleen Strawhacker  Wesley D. Miles 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(4):271-290

Irragric anthrosols form as a result of prolonged deposition of fine sediments from irrigation water. Ancient irragric soils centuries to millennia old occur in several world regions, especially in arid environments of Asia and the Americas. This article presents evidence for an ancient irragric anthrosol in the North American Southwest, along the Snaketown Canal System in the Middle Gila River Valley, Arizona. This pedostratigraphic unit was formed as a result of a millennium of irrigation by Hohokam farmers from A.D. 450 to 1450. The irragric soil consists of a mantle of silty‐to‐loamy textures with minimal soil formation overlying a natural argillic horizon on a Pleistocene stream terrace. A soil mapped independently by the United States Department of Agriculture‐Natural Resources Conservation Service with these horizons corresponds closely with the canal system. Soil within the canal system tends to be lower in salt, sodium, and pH compared with external soils. This suggests that the irragric process improved soil for crop production through long‐term leaching and additions of fresh sediments with the irrigation water. This anthropogenic process of canal sedimentation has had a long‐lasting impact on the sedimentary record and soils in this arid environment.  相似文献   

有机和常规农业管理方式下的浮游植物群落特征及其影响因素     

杜少娟  王吉毅  国超旋  Jonathan Miles Adams  任明磊  李侃  郭亚平  杜宗军  王建军 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):1828-1839

为了解不同农业施肥管理方式对水体浮游植物群落的影响,本研究以江苏句容戴庄有机示范村和常规农业管理区池塘浮游植物为对象,分析冬夏两季浮游植物群落特征及相关水环境因子.结果表明：冬季有机和常规农业区域的浮游植物分别检到7门95种和7门111种,夏季分别检到7门102种和6门112种,有机农业区浮游植物由冬季的隐藻-绿藻型向夏季的蓝藻-绿藻型变化,常规农业区从隐藻-绿藻型向蓝藻-硅藻型变化,蓝藻逐渐取代隐藻的优势地位.夏季各池塘浮游植物alpha多样性没有显著的区域差异,但冬季常规农业区浮游植物物种丰富度、蓝藻和裸藻的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著较高.指示物种分析显示,谷皮菱形藻（Nitzschia palea）和梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana）为有机农业区指示物种,而梭形裸藻（Euglena acus）、针形纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus acicularis）、肘状针杆藻（Synedra ulna）和狭形纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus angustus）为常规农业区指示物种,此6种藻为中、富营养化藻类,说明水体氮磷营养盐浓度较高,这与周围农田氮磷流失密切相关.Pearson相关性分析表明,有机农业区浮游植物alpha多样性与氮磷浓度的相关性不显著,但常规农业区浮游植物物种丰富度和Pielou均匀度与磷酸盐、总氮、氨氮和pH值显著相关.Mantel检验表明,有机农业区群落相异性仅在冬季受到总氮和氨氮的显著影响;而常规农业区在冬夏季受到氮磷两类营养盐的交替影响.本研究结果初步揭示了有机和常规农业区水体浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素,为区域水生生物多样性保护与稻田施肥管理的优化提供科学基础.  相似文献