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排序方式: 共有138条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Comparative study of methods for WHPA delineation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paradis D Martel R Karanta G Lefebvre R Michaud Y Therrien R Nastev M 《Ground water》2007,45(2):158-167
Human activities, whether agricultural, industrial, commercial, or domestic, can contribute to ground water quality deterioration. In order to protect the ground water exploited by a production well, it is essential to develop a good knowledge of the flow system and to adequately delineate the area surrounding the well within which potential contamination sources should be managed. Many methods have been developed to delineate such a wellhead protection area (WHPA). The integration of more information on the geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the study area increases the precision of any given WHPA delineation method. From a practical point of view, the WHPA delineation methods allowing the simplest and least expensive integration of the available information should be favored. This paper presents a comparative study in which nine different WHPA delineation methods were applied to a well and a spring in an unconfined granular aquifer and to a well in a confined highly fractured rock aquifer. These methods range from simple approaches to complex computer models. Hydrogeological mapping and numerical modeling with MODFLOW-MODPATH were used as reference methods to respectively compare the delineation of the zone of contribution and the zone of travel obtained from the various WHPA methods. Although applied to simple ground water flow systems, these methods provided a relatively wide range of results. To allow a realistic delineation of the WHPA in aquifers of variable geometry, a WHPA delineation method should ensure a water balance and include observed or calculated regional flow characteristics. 相似文献
96.
Bohumír Janský Zbyněk Engel Miroslav Šobr Vojtěch Beneš Karel Špaček Serguei Yerokhin 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(1):83-96
An interdisciplinary study of glacier-related hazards in the Petrov lake region (Ak-Shiirak Range, the Inner Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan)
has been undertaken to identify potential dangers to the area. A cooperative effort from experts in the fields of hydrology,
glaciology, geomorphology and geophysics has been employed in this study. For the hazard assessment, evolution of the Petrov
glacier and lake was reconstructed using historical reports, aerial photographs and satellite images. Geomorphological mapping
and geophysical soundings was applied to the lake territory and the moraine dam. This has identified potentially hazardous
areas of the dam including subsurface drainage zones and cracks that could cause a sudden extremely high discharge. In the
past three decades, the Petrov lake has doubled in size, while in recent years, its area has been increasing by more than
92,000 square metres per year. Although there is no evidence for an imminent outburst, the dramatic increase in the lake’s
size emphasizes the importance of this study. 相似文献
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Miroslav Kocifaj 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1994,38(3):304-315
Summary The irradiation of the Moon in the shadow of the Earth during the eclipse, caused by refraction in the atmosphere, depends prevailingly on the optical properties of the middle and high atmosphere. The paper points out the feasibility of utilization of the optical thicknesses of the atmosphere measured in the Earth's shadow for the characterization of atmospheric microparticles. The results of observations of the lunar eclipse of August, 17th, 1989 are discussed in more detail, the vertical profile of particle concentration and parameter n in Junge's distribution have been determined. Based on processing this and another 25 lunar eclipses, a geographical map of the height of the upper limit of the high dust layer could finally be constructed.On leave from Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences 相似文献
99.
Summary The paper focuses on the applicability of simple optimizing methods to determining the aerosol structure based on the measured
values of the spectral optical thickness of aerosol δ(λ). The necessary conditions leading to a stable solution are assessed.
By applying the particle distribution function in the form of summations of modified gamma functions we obtain the simple
form of δ(λ). It is not suitable for proving Gaussian functions. The application of approximate methods to determine the aerosol
structure from spectral optical thickness of atmospheric aerosol is based on measurements of the direct spectral solar radiation
flux density which formed a part of the radiation experiment conducted in Zingst (Germany) on the coast of the Baltic Sea
in 1987.
on leave from the Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences 相似文献
100.