Sixty-five years of solar radioastronomy: flares, coronal mass ejections and Sun–Earth connection     

Monique Pick  Nicole Vilmer 《Astronomy and Astrophysics Review》2008,16(1-2):1-153

This paper will review the input of 65 years of radio observations to our understanding of solar and solar–terrestrial physics. It is focussed on the radio observations of phenomena linked to solar activity in the period going from the first discovery of the radio emissions to present days. We shall present first an overview of solar radio physics focussed on the active Sun and on the premices of solar–terrestrial relationships from the discovery to the 1980s. We shall then discuss the input of radioastronomy both at metric/decimetric wavelengths and at centimetric/millimetric and submillimetric wavelengths to our understanding of flares. We shall also review some of the radio, X-ray and white-light signatures bringing new evidence for reconnection and current sheets in eruptive events. The input of radio images (obtained with a high temporal cadence) to the understanding of the initiation and fast development in the low corona of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as well as the radio observations of shocks in the corona and in the interplanetary medium will be reviewed. The input of radio observations to our knowledge of the interplanetary magnetic structures (ICMEs) will be summarized; we shall show how radio observations linked to the propagation of electron beams allow to identify small scale structures in the heliosphere and to trace the connection between the Sun and interplanetary structures as far as 4AU. We shall also describe how the radio observations bring useful information on the relationship and connections between the energetic electrons in the corona and the electrons measured in-situ. The input of radio observations on the forecasting of the arrival time of shocks at the Earth as well as on Space Weather studies will be described. In the last section, we shall summarize the key results that have contributed to transform our knowledge of solar activity and its link with the interplanetary medium. In conclusion, we shall indicate the instrumental radio developments at Earth and in space, which are from our point of view, necessary for the future of solar and interplanetary physics.  相似文献   

Quantitative inter‐annual and decadal June–July–August temperature variability ca. 570 BC to AD 120 (Iron Age–Roman Period) reconstructed from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana,Switzerland     

Monique M. Stewart  Isabelle Larocque‐Tobler  Martin Grosjean 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(5):491-501

Annually resolved June–July–August (JJA) temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 (±100 a; approximately 690 varve years) were quantified from biogenic silica and chironomids (Type II regression; Standard Major Axis calibration‐in‐time) preserved in the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland. Using 30 a (climatology) moving averages and detrended standard deviations (mean–variability change, MVC), moving linear trends, change points and wavelets, reconstructed temperatures were partitioned into a warmer (+0.3°C; ca. 570–351 BC), cooler (?0.2°C; ca. 350–16 BC) and moderate period (+0.1°C; ca. 15 BC to AD 120) relative to the reconstruction average (10.9°C; reference AD 1950–2000 = 9.8°C). Warm and variable JJA temperatures at the Late Iron Age–Roman Period transition (approximately 50 BC to AD 100 in this region) and a cold anomaly around 470 BC (Early–Late Iron Age) were inferred. Inter‐annual and decadal temperature variability was greater from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 than the last millennium, whereas multi‐decadal and lower‐frequency temperature variability were comparable, as evident in wavelet plots. Using MVC plots of reconstructed JJA temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120, we verified current trends and European climate model outputs for the 21st century, which suggest increased inter‐annual summer temperature variability and extremes in a generally warmer climate (heteroscedasticity; hotspot of variability). We compared these results to MVC plots of instrumental and reconstructed temperatures (from the same sediment core and proxies but a different study) from AD 1177 to AD 2000. Our reconstructed JJA temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 showed that inter‐annual JJA temperature variability increased rapidly above a threshold of ～10°C mean JJA temperature. This increase accelerated with continued warming up to >11.5°C. We suggest that the Roman Period serves with respect to inter‐annual variability as an analogue for warmer 21st‐century JJA temperatures in the Alps. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Gravity Modeling of the Au–U Mineralized Crust at the North-Central Cameroon Illustrating Crustal Permeability     

Abate Essi  Jean Marcel  Marcel  Jean  Diab  Diab Ahmad  Yene Atangana  Joseph Quentin  Abossolo Angue  Monique  Mvondo Ondoa  Joseph 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(1):473-497

Natural Resources Research - The north-central Cameroon is located at the northern edge of Archean Congo–Sao Francisco craton and at the east of the West African craton. This area includes...  相似文献   

Formation of the Upper Pleistocene terraces of Lake Van (Turkey)     

Catherine Kuzucuoğlu  Aurélien Christol  Damase Mouralis  Ali‐Fuat Doğu  Ebru Akköprü  Monique Fort  Daniel Brunstein  Halil Zorer  Michel Fontugne  Mustafa Karabiyikoğlu  Stéphane Scaillet  Jean‐Louis Reyss  Hervé Guillou 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(7):1124-1137

Sedimentological and geomorphological studies of terraces around Lake Van (1647 m) provided a preliminary framework for lake‐level variations. The elevations of terraces and past lake level were measured with a differential global positioning system. A chronology is developed using ²³⁴U/²³⁰Th dating of travertines, ³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar dating of pyroclastites and ¹⁴C dating of organic matter. Facies and stratigraphic correlations identify four transgressions (C1′, C1″, C2′ and C2″), each followed by a regression which ended with low lake levels that caused river incision and terrace formation. Evidence of the oldest transgression (C1′) is found in the uppermost reaches of valleys up to 1755 m, an altitude higher than the present lake threshold (1736 m). This C1′ transgression may be related to pyroclastic flows which dammed an outlet located in the western part of the lake basin and which is dated to before 105 ka. After 100 ka, a second transgression (C1″) reached 1730/1735 m, possibly related to a younger ignimbrite flow, in association with high water inflow (warm and/or wetter conditions). The two younger transgressions reached 1700–1705 m. The first one (C2′) is dated to 26–24.5 cal. ka BP and the second one (C2″) to 21–20 cal. ka BP. Available data suggest that the long‐term lake‐level changes responded mainly to climate oscillations. Additional events such as river captures caused by volcanic falls filling valleys, tectonism, erosion and karstic diversion may have impacted these long‐term lake‐level changes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Management strategy evaluation for rock lobster,Jasus edwardsii,off Victoria,Australia: Accounting for uncertainty in stock structure     

André E. Punt  David Hobday 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):485-509

The management strategy evaluation (MSE) approach was used to evaluate management strategies based on the current method of stock assessment for rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) off Victoria, Australia, and decision rules inferred from the management plan for Victorian rock lobster and past practice when selecting total allowable catches, TACs. The results are expressed in terms of whether it is possible to keep stocks above limit reference points with high probability and recover over‐exploited stocks to the target level. Three categories of management strategy were examined using the MSE, which differed in whether assessments were conducted, and TACs set, by management zone or by region within management zone. A management strategy based on conducting assessments and setting TACs by management zone is most similar to the way assessments are currently conducted and management regulations implemented for rock lobster off Victoria. However, this management strategy performed poorest in recovering stocks to target levels. Alternative management strategies which involved conducting assessments and setting TACs by region performed better, but may have practical limitations. The assessment method was found to be generally relatively accurate and precise, although estimation performance was poor/imprecise on occasion.  相似文献   

Adaptation of the SNOWMAP algorithm for snow mapping over eastern Canada using Landsat-TM imagery     

Karem Chokmani  Kristell Dever  Monique Bernier  Yves Gauthier  Lisa-Marie Paquet 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):649-660

Abstract

The snow mapping algorithm SNOWMAP was adapted to Landsat-TM data and to the context of eastern Canada. Six Landsat-5 TM scenes were used. It was found that the original version of SNOWMAP greatly underestimates snow cover extent. The modification made to the original algorithm, by cancelling the minimum threshold of 0.1 on the NDVI value, allows gaps to be filled in. In addition, a spatial correction procedure applied to the modified SNOWMAP algorithm results improves snow detection under coniferous forests. Based on a limited data set of ground-based observations (only 40 sites were available), the modified SNOWMAP seems to perform better in snow detection than the original version of the algorithm. An application case is presented in order to demonstrate the relevance of the modified SNOWMAP results as a high spatial-resolution reference for the validation of historical snow maps derived from medium spatial-resolution satellite data.

Citation Chokmani, K., Dever, K., Bernier, M., Gauthier, Y. & Paquet, L.-M. (2010) Adaptation of the SNOWMAP algorithm for snow mapping over eastern Canada using Landsat-TM imagery. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 649–660.  相似文献   

Classification of mineral water types and comparison with drinking water standards     

Monique?van der?AaEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2003,44(5):554-563

In a study of 291 mineral waters from 41 different countries, 9–20% exceeded the Dutch drinking water standards for chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulphate, and fluorine. The mineral water quality cannot be qualified as bad because the standards for these compounds (with the exception of fluorine) are not based on health issues, but matters regarding undesirable taste and possible adverse effects on the water supply system. For the mineral water data set, the amount of dissolved compounds, hardness, and chloride content appear to be the most distinctive criteria. A mineral water type classification based on these criteria will offer consumers a tool for assessing mineral water on the basis of the chemical composition data on the bottle label. In terms of the criteria mentioned, average Dutch tap water strongly resembles the Belgian and Dutch mineral waters. This similarity does not extend to the price, since Dutch tap water is about 500 times cheaper.  相似文献   

Intersex in Roe's abalone (Haliotis roei) in Western Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sloan S  Gagnon MM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1123-1126

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Le système régional d'action éolienne (SRAE) du bassin de l'Aral (Kazakhstan,Ouzbékistan et Turkménistan)The regional Aeolian action system of the Aral Basin     

Monique Mainguet  René Létolle  Frédéric Dumay 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(7):475-480

The endorheic basin of the Aral Sea, a tectonic depression resulting from two Tertiary fault bundles, NNE–SSW and east–west ones, represents the termination of a flow by closure of the Aral Basin opposite Central Asia and Siberia. The conditions of Quaternary climate and sediment deposition, especially aridity increased by coldness, a pedogenesis inhibitor, and absence of palaeosoils favour the activity of the Aralian Regional Aeolian Action System (RAAS), 700 km long. Such a system develops in a lowland topography where wind, in a progressive shift, reconstructs by deflation the sandy material resulting from Pleistocene accumulations, gives rise to thin and vulnerable ergs and explains at once the fertility of Khoresm and the dewatering of the Aral Sea, which is one of the most complex and severe ecological catastrophe in the 20th century. To cite this article: M. Mainguet et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 475–480.  相似文献   

Design of operational management strategies for achieving fishery ecosystem objectives   总被引：7，自引：12，他引：7  

Sainsbury  Keith J.; Punt  Andre E.; Smith  Anthony D. M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(3):731-741

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