The influence of trade winds,local air-masses and topographic obstacles on the aeolian movement of sand particles and the origin and distribution of dunes and ergs in the Sahara and Australia     

Monique Mainguet 《Geoforum》1978,9(1):17-28

The Saharan ergs consist of a wide range of aeolian land forms, while in Australia, sand-ridges are the main form. The ergs are situated along major sandflows of continental extent along which sand is transported. These are oriented approximately from NE to SW in the Sahara. In Australia they form an anticlockwise pattern open to the west. The spatial and temporal factors that govern the origin of sand-ridges are reviewed.  相似文献   

Les Rotifères du lac Léman     

Gérard Balvay  Monique Laurent 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1981,43(1):126-139

The published literature on the zooplankton of Lake Léman has been reviewed and all specific names were rewritten according to the valid nomenclature. Some dubious species are reinstated in a new systematical position. Four species are new for the Lake Léman.  相似文献   

Identification of data-driven Dutch dietary patterns that benefit the environment and are healthy     

Sander Biesbroek  W. M. Monique Verschuren  Yvonne T. van der Schouw  Ivonne Sluijs  Jolanda M. A. Boer  Elisabeth H. M. Temme 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):571-583

More sustainable dietary patterns are needed to mitigate global warming. This study aims to identify data-driven healthy dietary patterns that benefit the environment. In EPIC-NL, diet was assessed using a 178-item FFQ in 36,203 participants aged 20–70 years between 1993 and 1997. The Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD15-index) was used to score healthiness of the diet. As proxy for environmental impact, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated using life cycle analysis. To determine patterns that are both healthy and environmentally friendly, reduced rank regression was applied. A “Plant-based Pattern” characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and low consumption of fries, red meat, and processed meat and a “Dairy-based Pattern” characterized by high consumption of dairy, and nuts and seeds and low consumption of coffee and tea, sugar-containing sodas, low-fiber bread, and savory sauces were derived. At equal energy intake, the diet of adherents (highest quartile) to the “Plant-based Pattern” were significantly healthier (89.8 points on the DHD15-index, p?<?0.0001) and more sustainable (3.96 kg C0₂-eq/day, p?<?0.0001) compared to the average diet (76.2 points, 4.06 kg C0₂-eq/day), whereas the “Dairy-based Pattern” was somewhat healthier (77.9 points, p?<?0.0001), but less sustainable (4.43 kg C0₂-eq/day, p?<?0.0001). When deriving dietary patterns based on health and environmental aspects of the diets, a “Plant-based” and a “Dairy-based” pattern were observed in our study population. Of these, the plant-based diet benefits health as well as the environment.  相似文献   

Flux-Variance Method for Latent Heat and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Unstable Conditions   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Xiaofeng Guo  Hongsheng Zhang  Xuhui Cai  Ling Kang  Tong Zhu  Monique Y. Leclerc 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(3):363-384

Applied previously to momentum and heat fluxes, the present study extends the flux-variance method to latent heat and CO₂ fluxes in unstable conditions. Scalar similarity is also examined among temperature (θ), water vapour (q), and CO₂ (c). Temperature is adopted as the reference scalar, leading to two feasible strategies to estimate latent heat and CO₂ fluxes: the first one relies on flux-variance similarity relations for scalars, while the second is based on the parameterization of relative transport efficiency in terms of scalar correlation coefficient and a non-dimensional quantity. The relationship between the θ-to-q transport efficiency (λ _{θ q} ) and θ-q correlation coefficient (R _{θ q} ) is used to describe the intermediate hydrological conditions. We also parameterize the θ-to-c transport efficiency (λ _{θ c} ) as a function of the θ-c correlation coefficient (R _{θ c} ) by introducing a new non-dimensional ratio (α). The flux-variance method is a viable technique for flux gap-filling, when turbulence measurements of wind velocity are not available. It is worth noting that the extended method is not exempt from a correction for density effects when used for estimating water or carbon exchange.  相似文献   

A Simple Method of Estimating Scalar Fluxes Over Forests   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nelson Luis Dias  Jinkyu Hong  Monique Y. Leclerc  T. Andrew Black  Z. Nesic  P. Krishnan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(3):401-414

A simple aerodynamic-variance method is proposed to fill gaps in continuous CO₂ flux measurements in rainy conditions, when open-path analysers do not function. The method requires turbulent conditions (friction velocity greater than 0.1 ms^–1), and uses measurements of mean wind speed, and standard deviations of temperature and CO₂ concentration fluctuations to complement, and at times replace, eddy-covariance measurements of friction velocity, sensible heat flux and CO₂ flux. Friction velocity is estimated from the mean wind speed with a flux-gradient relationship modified for the roughness sublayer. Since normalised standard deviations do not follow Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in the roughness sublayer, a simple classification scheme according to the scalar turbulence scale was used. This scheme is shown to produce sensible heat and CO₂ flux estimates that are well correlated with the measured values.  相似文献   

Evolution qualitative à long terme des rotifères du Lac Léman     

Gérard Balvay  Monique Laurent 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(2):156-161

Seventy-five species and lower taxonomic units of rotifers have been identified in Lake Geneva (= lac Léman); seven species and one form are new for the lake. When using indicators of trophic conditions, the qualitative composition of the biocenosis is still dominated by oligo-mesotrophic lake indicators, mixed with eutrophic and oligotrophic ones. However the rotifer biocenosis has not yet reached a steady state.

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Impact of Nocturnal Low-Level Jets on Near-Surface Turbulence Kinetic Energy     

Henrique F. Duarte  Monique Y. Leclerc  Gengsheng Zhang  David Durden  Robert Kurzeja  Matthew Parker  David Werth 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2015,156(3):349-370

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Hydrological modelling and water balance of the Negro River basin: evaluation based on in situ and spatial altimetry data     

A. C. V. Getirana  M.‐P. Bonnet  O. C. Rotunno Filho  W. Collischonn  J.‐L. Guyot  F. Seyler  W. J. Mansur 《水文研究》2010,24(22):3219-3236

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Autonomous underwater vehicles     

Monique Chyba 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(1):1

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Electrochemical simulations of mass transfer from isolated wet spots and droplets on realistic fluttering leaves     

Monique Y. Leclerc  Peter H. Schuepp  George W. Thurtell 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1986,34(4):399-410

This paper reports on forced-convection mass transfer from isolated discs on rectangular plates as well as hemispheres on realistic fluttering leaves. An electrochemical method was used where the convective transfer of ions to the test electrode (the droplet or the wet spot) in an electrolytic flow system was measured as a function of flow rates, sizes of discs and hemispheres. Measurements showed that the local transfer coefficient for uniformly transferring plates varied as expected while the transfer from isolated discs on plates was much less a function of the distance from the leading edge. An expression to describe the transfer coefficient for an isolated disc as a function of distance from the leading edge was determined. An expression describing the transfer from hemispherical drops on fluttering leaves was derived and compared with the predictions from transfer theory for a sphere in free space.  相似文献